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Download NOTES Ch. 3 Communities and Biomes
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Ch. 3 – COMMUNITIES AND BIOMES Limiting Factor – Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms. Tolerance – The ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in the environment. In the diagram below the X-axis can be any environmental factor such as water temperature or nutrient levels. Ecological Succession – The orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem. Occurs in stages. Two types 1. Primary succession – colonization of barren land by communities of organisms – takes place on land where there are no living organisms (ex. lava) a. pioneer species – the first organisms to populate barren land – usually die to make soil (ex. lichen, moss) b. climax community – stable, mature community 2. Secondary succession – sequence of changes that take place after a major environmental disruption (ex. fire). Occurs in areas that previously contained life. Soil already exists. BIOMES A large group of ecosystems classified mainly by types of plants, temperature and precipitation. (*Latitude – distance of any point north or south of the equator 0° Latitude = equator, 90°N = North pole, 90° S = south pole) 1. Aquatic biomes (75% of earth’s surface) a. Marine A. Intertidal zone – where ocean meets land B. Open ocean C. Photic zone – where light can penetrate D. Aphotic zone – where light cannot penetrate b. Wetlands – marshes, swamps, bogs estuary – freshwater meets saltwater c. Freshwater A. rivers and streams B. lakes and ponds 2. Terrestrial biomes (you will get the information for each biome during class presentations in a few days). Biome: Rainfall/Temperature: Flora: Tundra Boreal forest Desert Temperate grassland Temperate forest Tropical savanna Tropical seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Temperate woodland forest Weather – condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and time. Climate – average weather conditions in an area, including temperature and precipitation.
