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Name: _______________________ Africa’s Physical Characteristics Period: ______ Video Clip 1: How long is the continent? 7, 700 Miles Describe the northern coast. Sandy Beaches and Broadest in the North What bodies of water surround Africa? Start in the north and moving clockwise. 1) Mediterranean Sea 2) Red Sea 3) Gulf of Aden 4)Indian Ocean 5) Atlantic Ocean Most of Africa is a big ______. (landform) Plateau What separates the coasts from the plateau? Escarpment What is mined in South Africa? Iron Ore, Gold, and Diamonds What are the three major mountain ranges? Atlas, Drakensberg, Ethiopian and East Africa Highlands The highest mountain is ____. Kilimanjaro What cuts through the East Highlands? Great Valley Rift What formed the Great Rift Valley? Diverging Continental Plates The lakes here are _____. Salty Video Clip 2: Name the major rivers? Nile=Runs N/S, Senegal=west, Niger=west, Zaire=Central, Zambezi=South What part of Africa is each located in? See above Which one is navigable for miles inland? Senegal How does the escarpment affect transportation on the rivers? Waterfalls and Rapids AKA=Cataracts When waters are high, one can travel to ___ on the Niger. Timbuktu Water from some rivers collects in ____ instead of emptying into the sea. Shallow basins called Pans Video Clip 3: Africa is the only continent that? Crosses the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, and the Prime Meridian. What percentage of the land lies in the tropics? 77% Describe the mirror image. The Climates North and South of the Equator reflect each other What vegetation and climate is near the equator? Tropical Rainforest What animals live there? Chimpanzees and Gorillas How has the land been changed recently? Rainforest cleared for farming What food crops are grown there? Cassava, Bananas, and Cacao What is shifting cultivation? Cutting new farm plots every couple of years Why is it done? Soil loses fertility Video Clip 4: What is the rainforest zone surrounded by? Wet and Dry Tropics Describe the climate there? Green in summer rainy season Why do the seasons differ in different parts of the tropical grasslands? North and South of the Equator What is a savannah? How are they named? Grassy area with scattered trees. The trees are named after the trees that grow there. What is an upside down tree? Baobab -Branches look like roots What grows huge in Africa? Termite Mounds What role does fire play? Burn the dead grasses so new grass will grow/makes the land productive Where are animals protected? Why? National Parks/Wildlife Refuges/Hunters and Poachers What crops are grown? Sorghum, Millet, corn, rice, sweet potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, peanuts. What crops were brought to Africa from southern Asia? Rice & Sugar Cane Video Clip 5: Where are the semi-arid zones? Wet & Dry/True Deserts (South/Central/North Africa) What are their names? Sahel, Kalahari, Great Karoo, North Sahara How is the climate different from nearer the equator? Very Dry What kinds of plants live there? Thorny Shrubs/drought resistant plants What is Harmattan? Winds that blow south from the Sahara Desert Main economic activity? Livestock Herding How is man changing the land? Drilling deep water wells, deforestation What is the result of the human-environmental interaction? Overgrazing/Desertification/Deforestation What is desertification? Desert Conditions expanding into the semi-arid zones. What does the Namib have that other places do not? Sand Dunes Where is agriculture possible in the semi-arid zones? Valleys & Oasis & Water Irrigation Where is there some humid subtropical climate? NW & Southern Regions Where else have we studied that has this climate? US, Europe, and Latin America What type of climate is in the far north and south of Africa? Mediterranean Video Clip 6:What did you learn about Africa? Write down 5-10 main ideas. Be prepared to share in class.