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UNIT I
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Chapter 1 pp. 4 - 15
• How did the geographic setting of North
America—including its relation to Asia,
Europe and Africa—affect its subsequent
history?
• What were the common characteristics of all
native cultures in the New World and what
were the important differences among them?
• What was the impact on Native Americans,
Europeans and Africans when each of their
previously separate worlds suddenly
“collided” with one another?
Chapter 1 pp. 16 - 23
• Discuss the major factors that motivated
Europeans toward exploration,
conquest and settlement of the New
World
• Explain both the positive and negative
aspects of the Columbian exchange
• Discuss the growth of Spanish influence
in the New World and the significance of
Pope’s Rebellion and the so-called
“Black Legend”
Chapter 2 pp. 25 - 32
• What specific factors contributed to England’s
eventual establishment of colonies in North
America? Explain.
• Describe in detail the trials and tribulations
faced by the early settlers of the Jamestown
colony.
• Discuss in detail the early relations between the
English settlers and the Indians of the
Chesapeake region.
Chapter 2 pp. 32 - 41
• Explain the two most significant developments
that came about as a result of the founding of
the Virginia colony.
• What major historical consequences resulted
from the cultivation of sugar instead of tobacco
in the British colonies in the West Indies?
• What features were common to all of England’s
southern colonies and what features were
unique to each one?
Chapter 3 pp. 43 - 52
• How did the Puritans’ distinctive outlook and
unique religious beliefs affect the development
of the New England colonies?
• What happened to people whose religious
beliefs differed from others in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony? How was Rhode
Island different than Massachusetts?
• Why did hostilities arise between Puritans and
Native Americans? What was the result?
Chapter 3 pp. 52 - 63
• What efforts were made to strengthen English
control over the colonies in the seventeenth
century and why did they generally fail?
• Why was the Pennsylvania colony such an
attractive destination for so many Europeans
and Native Americans?
• What unique characteristics did the Middle
colonies have that were not generally present in
the New England colonies or in the South?
Chapter 4 pp. 66 - 76
• What specific conditions in Virginia initially
made the colony reliant on the importation of
indentured servants? Why did this labor source
ultimately prove unreliable?
• Describe the early colonial slave trade including
the “Middle Passage”.
• How did African-Americans develop a culture
that combined African and American elements?
What were some of the features of that culture?
Chapter 4 pp. 76 - 82
• Describe the conditions and way of life
experienced by members of a typical
seventeenth-century New England family.
• How did the Salem witch trials reflect the
tensions and changes in seventeenth-century
New England life?
• Compare and contrast the conditions of
seventeenth-century social, economic and
religious life in New England and the
Chesapeake region.
Chapter 5 pp. 84 - 93
• Describe the changing structure of colonial society
in the eighteenth century. What developments
tended to make society less equal and more
hierarchical?
• How had the previous history of the Scots-Irish in
Europe affected their behavior and characteristics
in the colonies?
• Describe some of the more important occupations
in the colonies. How have the relative prestige of
the professions changed from colonial times to
today?
Chapter 5 pp. 94 - 104
• What were the major causes and
consequences of the Great Awakening?
• How did the various churches, established and
non-established, fundamentally shape
eighteenth-century colonial life, including
education and politics?
• What features of colonial politics contributed to
the development of popular democracy and
what kept political life in the colonies from being
truly democratic?