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Enzyme Introduction Video Guided Questions 1. What are enzymes? Proteins that speed up chemical reactions 2. What would happen if we didn’t have any enzymes? Reactions would still occur, but they would be too slow to support life 3. Fill in the table below describing the difference between pepsin and amylase. Enzyme Pepsin Amylase Location Stomach Saliva in your mouth Substrate that is broken down Protein Starch (Carbohydrates) Enzymes in a Nutshell proteins Enzymes are _____________________ known as catalysts, that speed up ___________________ the rate of chemical reactions by lowering _____________________ the activation energy (which is the amount of energy needed to initiate a reaction). Enzyme Substrate Complex Enzymes are a special type of protein that attach to a substrate (or reactant) and break it down into its products. This means that the polymers are broken down into their monomers (or building blocks). Indicators Indicators are substances that undergo an noticeable change when the substance they indicate for is present. • Example: Iodine turns from a rust color to a deep purple in the presence of starches (carbohydrates). Words to be Assigned 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Biomolecule Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Monomer Polymer 8. Enzyme 9. Substrate 10.Reactant 11.Product 12.Catalyst 13.Activation Energy 14.Enzyme-Substrate Complex WHAT ARE ENZYMES? Guided Reading • As we read through the passage, highlight any key words or phrases that you think are important. • Also, be sure to annotate any side notes off to the side. • Once we’re done reading, you will use this information to answer the questions at the bottom of your handout. What are enzymes? Enzymes are a type of protein that helps control and manage cell metabolism by making chemical reactions happen more efficiently. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, which is the amount of energy that is needed to initiate (or start) a chemical reaction. Parts of an Enzyme • Substrate: the molecules an enzyme metabolizes (the reactants) • Active Site: the place on the enzyme where the substrate attaches • The active site is a groove or depression on the surface of an enzyme. • Even the slightest change in the form of this site will alter the enzyme's function. • Products: the molecules that the enzyme is broken down into, the result of the reaction • Induced Fit: the way in which the enzyme and substrate bond to one another • Each enzyme is only capable of metabolizing (breaking down) one type of substrate. • The enzyme and the substrate must fit together like a lock and key in order for the enzyme to induce (or start) the chemical reaction. Parts of an Enzyme Substrate Products Active Site Enzyme Enzyme-Substrate Complex What factors can affect Enzyme function? Enzymes function best in specific conditions; environmental factors within the cell can affect how well the enzyme functions. Each particular enzyme has an ideal environment that it is most efficient in. Temperature: extreme temperatures can denature (change the shape) an enzyme. pH: Each enzyme has a particular pH range for optimum performance. Salts inhibit (or prevent) enzyme action. Question 1 1. A student studying reactions with enzymes uses the graph to form a conclusion. What is the best conclusion a student can make based on the information on the graph? a. The amount of activation energy is lower in reactions without enzymes. b. The amount of activation energy needed is greater in reactions with enzymes. c. A reaction with an enzyme lowers the activation energy needed. d. As the reaction continues the amount of energy needed increases. Question 2 2. Which statement does not describe the role of enzymes? a. b. c. d. Enzymes synthesize molecules Enzymes are specific to the molecules in a reaction. Enzymes reactions are maximized within a specific range of conditions. Enzymes decrease the activation energy necessary for cell metabolism. Question 3 3. a. b. c. d. Which structure is indicated by letter B? Active Site Substrate Enzyme-Substrate Complex Competitive Inhibitor Question 4 4. a. b. c. d. Which structure is indicated by letter A? Active Site Substrate Enzyme-Substrate Complex Competitive Inhibitor Question 5 5. An enzyme is an example of which of the following biomolecules? a.Carbohydrate b.Lipid c. Protein d.Nucleic Acid Question 6 6. An enzyme is a type of molecule that speeds up chemical reactions, which is referred to as a/an – a.Catalysts b.Reactant c. Product d.Inhibitor Question 7 7. The area on the enzyme that the substrate attaches to, creating an induced fit, is known as the – a. Surface Area b. Initiator c. Active Site d. Protein channel Question 8 8. If an enzyme is placed in an extremely hot environment, this causes the enzyme to change shape. What is that change in shape called? a.Melting b.Extraction c. Diverging d.Denaturation Question 9 9. Enzymes function by lowering the __________________ that is needed to initiate the chemical reaction. a.Temperature b.Activation Energy c. pH d.Salt levels Question 10 10. What do enzymes do to a chemical reaction? a.Slow it down b.Speed it up c. Stop the reaction d.None of the above Graphing Practice • For these practice questions, use the blank space on the back of your notes handout to answer the question. • Then you will show me your answer using your Plicker. http://www.edhsgreensea.net/Biology/taters/enzyme_mc.htm 16, 17, 21, 23-25, 27-28 Friday – 9/7 Come up with your answer to the warm-up independently. You may write it down if you wish. Be ready to explain your answer. Identify the biomolecule below & its monomer. Liver Lab Overview • You are about to witness enzymes in action. • You goal is to determine the reasoning behind your observations as it relates to enzymes. • Remember, enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Liver Lab • Clear everything off your desk except for a pencil and your Liver Lab Handout. • One of you will be Supply Manager A and one will be Supply Manager B. Supply Manager A Supply Manager B • Control Liver Sample • Acidic Liver Sample • Cup with Peroxide • Heated Liver Sample • Pipette Once you retrieve your supplies, return to your seat and DO NOT TOUCH the supplies. Monday – 9/10 1. Draw the chart below on your paper. Element Monomer Polymer Biomolecule 2. Then, place the words below into the appropriate categories. Carbon Monosaccharide Lipid Nucleic Acid Nitrogen Amino Acid Oxygen Protein Hydrogen Nucleotide Phosphorus Carbohydrate Tuesday – 9/11 TEST DAY! • You have exactly 5 minutes to study your notes on your own. • If you have a question, write it down. • I will take several questions afterwards, and then you will begin your test.