Download enzymes 2016

Enzyme Introduction Video Guided Questions
1. What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
2. What would happen if we didn’t have any enzymes?
Reactions would still occur, but they would be too slow to support life
3. Fill in the table below describing the difference between pepsin and
amylase.
Enzyme
Pepsin
Amylase
Location
Stomach
Saliva in your mouth
Substrate that is broken down
Protein
Starch (Carbohydrates)
Enzymes in a Nutshell
proteins
Enzymes are _____________________
known as catalysts, that
speed up
___________________
the rate of chemical reactions by
lowering
_____________________
the activation energy (which is the amount
of energy needed to initiate a reaction).
Enzyme Substrate Complex
Enzymes are a special type of protein that attach to a substrate (or
reactant) and break it down into its products. This means that the
polymers are broken down into their monomers (or building blocks).
Indicators
Indicators are substances that undergo an noticeable change when the
substance they indicate for is present.
• Example: Iodine turns from a rust color to a deep purple in the presence of
starches (carbohydrates).
Words to be Assigned
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Biomolecule
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Monomer
Polymer
8. Enzyme
9. Substrate
10.Reactant
11.Product
12.Catalyst
13.Activation Energy
14.Enzyme-Substrate Complex
WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
Guided Reading
• As we read through the passage,
highlight any key words or
phrases that you think are
important.
• Also, be sure to annotate any
side notes off to the side.
• Once we’re done reading, you
will use this information to
answer the questions at the
bottom of your handout.
What are enzymes?

Enzymes are a type of protein that
helps control and manage cell
metabolism by making chemical
reactions happen more efficiently.

Enzymes speed up chemical
reactions by lowering the
activation energy, which is the
amount of energy that is needed to
initiate (or start) a chemical
reaction.
Parts of an Enzyme
• Substrate: the molecules an enzyme metabolizes (the reactants)
• Active Site: the place on the enzyme where the substrate attaches
• The active site is a groove or depression on the surface of an enzyme.
• Even the slightest change in the form of this site will alter the enzyme's function.
• Products: the molecules that the enzyme is broken down into, the result of
the reaction
• Induced Fit: the way in which the enzyme and substrate bond to one another
• Each enzyme is only capable of metabolizing (breaking down) one type of substrate.
• The enzyme and the substrate must fit together like a lock and key in order for the
enzyme to induce (or start) the chemical reaction.
Parts of an Enzyme
Substrate
Products
Active Site
Enzyme
Enzyme-Substrate
Complex
What factors can affect Enzyme function?

Enzymes function best in specific conditions; environmental factors
within the cell can affect how well the enzyme functions.

Each particular enzyme has an ideal environment that it is most efficient in.

Temperature: extreme temperatures can denature (change the shape)
an enzyme.

pH: Each enzyme has a particular pH range for optimum performance.

Salts inhibit (or prevent) enzyme action.
Question 1
1. A student studying reactions with enzymes uses the graph to form a
conclusion. What is the best conclusion a student can make based on
the information on the graph?
a. The amount of activation energy is
lower in reactions without enzymes.
b. The amount of activation energy
needed is greater in reactions with
enzymes.
c. A reaction with an enzyme lowers the
activation energy needed.
d. As the reaction continues the amount
of energy needed increases.
Question 2
2. Which statement does not describe the role of enzymes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Enzymes synthesize molecules
Enzymes are specific to the molecules in a reaction.
Enzymes reactions are maximized within a specific range of conditions.
Enzymes decrease the activation energy necessary for cell metabolism.
Question 3
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which structure is indicated by letter B?
Active Site
Substrate
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Competitive Inhibitor
Question 4
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which structure is indicated by letter A?
Active Site
Substrate
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Competitive Inhibitor
Question 5
5. An enzyme is an example of which of the following biomolecules?
a.Carbohydrate
b.Lipid
c. Protein
d.Nucleic Acid
Question 6
6. An enzyme is a type of molecule that speeds up chemical
reactions, which is referred to as a/an –
a.Catalysts
b.Reactant
c. Product
d.Inhibitor
Question 7
7. The area on the enzyme that the substrate attaches to, creating an
induced fit, is known as the –
a. Surface Area
b. Initiator
c. Active Site
d. Protein channel
Question 8
8. If an enzyme is placed in an extremely hot environment, this
causes the enzyme to change shape. What is that change in shape
called?
a.Melting
b.Extraction
c. Diverging
d.Denaturation
Question 9
9. Enzymes function by lowering the __________________ that is
needed to initiate the chemical reaction.
a.Temperature
b.Activation Energy
c. pH
d.Salt levels
Question 10
10. What do enzymes do to a chemical reaction?
a.Slow it down
b.Speed it up
c. Stop the reaction
d.None of the above
Graphing Practice
• For these practice questions, use the blank space on the back of your
notes handout to answer the question.
• Then you will show me your answer using your Plicker.
http://www.edhsgreensea.net/Biology/taters/enzyme_mc.htm
16, 17, 21, 23-25, 27-28
Friday – 9/7
Come up with your answer to the warm-up independently. You
may write it down if you wish. Be ready to explain your answer.
Identify the biomolecule below & its monomer.
Liver Lab Overview
• You are about to witness enzymes in action.
• You goal is to determine the reasoning behind your observations as
it relates to enzymes.
• Remember, enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
Liver Lab
• Clear everything off your desk except for a pencil and your Liver Lab
Handout.
• One of you will be Supply Manager A and one will be Supply Manager B.
Supply Manager A
Supply Manager B
• Control Liver Sample • Acidic Liver Sample
• Cup with Peroxide
• Heated Liver Sample
• Pipette
Once you retrieve your supplies, return to your seat and DO NOT TOUCH
the supplies.
Monday – 9/10
1. Draw the chart below on your paper.
Element
Monomer
Polymer
Biomolecule
2. Then, place the words below into the appropriate categories.
Carbon
Monosaccharide
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Nitrogen
Amino Acid
Oxygen
Protein
Hydrogen
Nucleotide
Phosphorus
Carbohydrate
Tuesday – 9/11
TEST DAY!
• You have exactly 5 minutes to study your notes on
your own.
• If you have a question, write it down.
• I will take several questions afterwards, and then you
will begin your test.