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Download The Cardiac Cycle Cardiac conduction system Cardiac Muscle
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The Cardiac Cycle Bio 250 Laboratory Exercise Cardiac conduction system This system, composed of specialized cardiac muscle tissue, initiates and conducts depolarization waves though the myocardium. Impulses from the S-A node pass slowly to the A-V node; impulses travel rapidly along the A-V bundle and Purkinje fibers. Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium) Muscle fibers in the ventricular walls are arranged in whorls that squeeze blood out of the contracting ventricles. 1 1 Some Terminology Systole- contraction and pumping phase of the cardiac cycle Diastole- relaxation and filling phase of the cardiac cycle Atrial and ventricular systole alternate with each other The electrocardiogram P-wave occurs as the atria depolarize QRS-complex occurs as the ventricles depolarize T-wave occurs as the ventricles repolarize P-R Interval extends from beginning of Pwave to the beginning of the QRS-complex Q-T Interval extends from the end of the PR Interval to the end of the T-wave 2 2 ECGs, Normal & Abnormal No P waves ECGs, Abnormal Arrhythmia: conduction failure at AV node No pumping action occurs 3 3 Physiograph Physiograph will measure: Electrocardiogram- electrical activity of the heart and its conduction system Heart Sounds- sounds made as the AV and SL valves close Pulse Pressure- rising pressure during ventricular systole and falling pressure during ventricular diastole Dicrotic notch- blood rebounding off SL valves as they close ECG Einthoven’s Triangle Standard Leads I II III 4 4 Heart Sounds Microphone Plethysmograph Subject wired to ECG, heart microphone and plethysmograph 5 5 Cardiac Cycle 6 6 Things to Remember Plethysmogram- pressure rises during systole (contraction) of the ventricle and falls during diastole (relaxation). Electrocardiogram P wave represents the action potential that passes over the atria and causes atrial systole. QRS complex wave represents the action potential that passes over the ventricles and causes ventricular systole. Continued Heart Sounds The first heart sound occurs when the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) close at the beginning of ventricular systole The second heart sound occurs when the SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) close at the end of ventricular systole 7 7