Download AP PHYSICS 2 E01

AP PHYSICS 2
(SECONDARY)
ESSENTIAL UNIT 1 (E01)
(Fluid Mechanics)
(July 2016)
Unit Statement: The student will study the basic concepts of fluids at rest and in motion.
They will describe and analyze the properties of fluids such as density, pressure, and flow
rate. (Estimated class time three weeks)
Essential Outcomes: (must be assessed for mastery)
1. The Student Will predict the densities, differences in densities, or changes in densities
under different conditions for natural phenomena and design an investigation to
verify the prediction. [LO 1.E.1.1, SP 4.2, SP 6.4]
2. TSW select from experimental data the information necessary to determine the
density of an object and/or compare densities of several objects. [LO 1.E.1.2, SP
4.1, SP 6.4]
3. TSW create and use free-body diagrams to analyze physical situations to solve
problems with motion qualitatively and quantitatively, and can explain forces
based on internal structure. [LO 3.B.2.1, SP 1.1, SP 1.4, SP 2.2]
4. TSW predict the motion of an object subject to forces exerted by several objects using
an application of Newton’s second law in a variety of physical situations. [LO
3.B.1.4, SP 6.4, SP 7.2]
5. TSW use Bernoulli’s equation and the relationship between force and/or pressure to
make calculations related to a moving fluid. [LO 5.B.10.2, SP 2.2]
6. TSW make calculations of quantities related to flow of a fluid, using mass
conservation principles (the continuity equation). [LO 5.F.1.1, SP 2.1, SP 2.2, SP
7.2]
7. TSW use Bernoulli’s equation and the continuity equation to make calculations
related to a moving fluid. [LO 5.B.10.3, SP 2.2]
8. TSW construct an explanation of Bernoulli’s equation in terms of the conservation of
energy. [LO 5.B.10.4, SP 6.2]
Introduced and Practiced Outcomes:
1. TSW answer AP style multiple choice questions that pertain to concepts in this unit.
2. TSW answer AP style free response questions including experimental design,
quantitative/qualitative translation, and a paragraph-length argument.
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Guided or Essential Questions:
 What causes pressure to be exerted by a fluid, and why does liquid pressure vary with
depth when gas pressure does not?
 How is the buoyant force generated, and how can this force be mathematically
modeled?
 Why does the buoyant force not vary significantly with depth, even though liquid
pressure does?
 How can conservation of mass and conservation of energy be used to predict the
behavior of moving liquids?
Key Concepts:
 Density
 Static Fluids
 Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate, Continuity and Bernoulli's Principle
Common Equations for this Unit:
𝜌=
𝑚
𝑉
Density
P=
𝐹
𝐴
Pressure
𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ
Pressure in a liquid
𝐹𝑏 = 𝜌𝑉𝑔
Buoyancy Force
𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
Equation of Continuity
Bernoulli’s Equation
1
1
𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦1 + 𝜌𝑣1 2 = 𝑃2 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦2 + 𝜌𝑣2 2
2
2
Schedule of Suggested Laboratory experiments (guided inquiry format is suggested for the
labs shaded in gray)
Unit #
Lab
#
1
1
Name of Laboratory
Does Water Pressure
Change with Height?
1
2
Fluid Dynamics
Description of Lab
Students use a plastic bottle to investigate
the flow of water out of a small hole
towards the bottom of the bottle. They
compare the flow of the water with the
height of water above the hole.
AP Physics 2 Investigation 2 (College
Board) Students discover the relationship
between the depth of a fluid in a container
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QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E01
Copyright © 1988-2016
Associated
Science
Practices
4.2, 4.3, 4.4,
5.1, 5.3
2.1, 2.1, 4.3,
6.2, 7.1
1
3
Density and Buoyant
Force
1
1
1
4
5
6
Buoyancy
PHET: Buoyancy
Boat Challenge
and the rate at which the fluid will move
through an opening near the bottom.
Students find the density of an object, then
predict through calculations the mass-scale
reading of the object when it is submerged
in water, the reading of the object and water
container when object sits on bottom of
container, and the reading of the object and
water container when the object is
suspended in the container. Verify the
results of the calculations through actual
measurements.
Design an experiment that can be used to
determine the unknown density of a fluid in
the graduated cylinder if the density of the
mass submerged in the fluid is known
Students use a simulation to visualize the
buoyant force vector, its dependence on
displaced fluid volume, and its relationship
to other forces.
Students create a model boat from foil.
They calculate the maximum number of
pennies allowed without sinking the boat.
1.1,.4, 1.5, 2.2,
6.4
3.3, 4.3, 4.4,
6.1, 6.2, 7.2
1.1, 1.2, 1.3,
3.2, 3.3,7.2,
4.2, 4.3, 7.1,
7.2,
Suggested Materials:
Textbook (required):
 Giancoli, D.C. Physics: Principles with Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pearson
Education. (Chapter 10)
Laboratory Texts (required)
 AP Physics 1 and 2 Inquiry-Based Lab Investigations: A Teacher’s Manual (Lab 2)
Supplemental Materials: (Optional, but purchase of a single copy of each is highly
recommended)
 O’Kuma, Thomas L., Maloney, D. Hieggelke. Ranking Tasking exercises in Physics.
Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 2004
Suggested Technology Resources:
Labs, in-class activities, videos, demos:
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/buoyancy
PhET simulations provide free interactive math and science simulations. This simulation
allows students to investigate buoyancy forces. Follow the For Teachers bullet for
supplemental materials.
RUBRIC FOUND ON FOLLOWING PAGE……………………………
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Suggested Unit Evaluation Rubric- AP PHYSICS 2- E01
Name: __________________________ Date: _______________________
• To receive a ‘B’, the student must show ‘B’ level mastery on all essential outcomes
(TSW’s).
• The teacher’s discretion on the student’s holistic performance on the unit, including such
items as: the ‘A’ level rubric, the unit project, group work and class discussions will
determine ‘A’ level mastery.
The Student Will
‘A’* LEVEL
‘B’ LEVEL
1. TSW predict the densities,
differences in densities, or
changes in densities under
different conditions for
natural phenomena and
design an investigation to
verify the prediction. [LO
1.E.1.1]
I can write an
investigation that includes
all steps necessary to
collect and analyze data
and can be easily followed
by other students.
I can use correct formulas
for making density
predictions; investigation
includes the collection of
appropriate measurements
2. TSW select from
experimental data the
information necessary to
determine the density of an
object and/or compare
densities of several objects.
[LO 1.E.1.2]
I can select the correct
approach consistently.
3. TSW create and use freebody diagrams to analyze
physical situations to solve
problems with motion
qualitatively and
quantitatively, and can
explain forces based on
internal structure. [LO
3.B.2.1]
I can explain the solution
of a problem qualitatively,
and relate solutions to
internal structure of an
object.
I can use free-body
diagrams accurately to
solve quantitative
problems.
4. TSW predict the motion of
an object subject to forces
exerted by several objects
using an application of
Newton’s second law in a
variety of physical situations.
[LO 3.B.1.4]
I can select the forces
acting on an object to
solve motion problems
involving fluids or gases.
I can apply Newton’s
Law to predict motion of
an object in a fluid when
the forces are given.
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Comments
5. TSW use Bernoulli’s
I can explain force and/or
equation and the relationship pressure changes of a
between force and/or
moving fluid.
pressure to make calculations
related to a moving fluid.
[LO 5.B.10.2, ]
I can set up and solve
force/pressure problems
using Bernoulli’s
equation.
6. TSW make calculations of
quantities related to flow of a
fluid, using mass
conservation principles (the
continuity equation). [LO
5.F.1.1,]
I can set up and solve a
flow problem using the
continuity equation
7. TSW use Bernoulli’s
equation and the continuity
equation to make
calculations related to a
moving fluid. [LO 5.B.10.3,]
I can accurately set up
flow problems using both
the Continuity and
Bernoulli’s Equations.
I can accurately solve a
flow problem involving
both the Continuity and
Bernoulli’s Equations.
8. TSW construct an
explanation of Bernoulli’s
equation in terms of the
conservation of energy. [LO
5.B.10.4]
I can explain how
Bernoulli’s Principle
relates to flight of an
object.
I can explain Bernoulli’s
Principle using
conservation of energy.
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QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E01
Copyright © 1988-2016