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Classification and Protozoan Groups There are about two million known species of living organisms What is a species? members of populations that interbreed in nature Appearance is not important 1 Species has scientific name Common names applied to species are often misleading. A starfish is not a fish. A sea horse is not a horse. Scientific names are standard and recognized internationally Scientific name has a two-word Latin name, like Homo sapiens The first word is the genus to which the organism belongs, Homo, means man The second word represents the species, sapiens, means wise or thinking Variations that you might find: H. sapiens or Homo sp. We have classified species into groups A classification system brings logic and order to the study of living things. Characteristics used for classification: characteristics that reflect the relationships between the species: shared characteristics allow to group species unique characteristics allow to separate species 2 Hierarchical Classification Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Soup? 3 Domains Kingdoms 4 Protozoans: animal-like protists Heterotrophs by ingestion (ingest their food) Movement at one stage of their life cycle cilia, flagella or pseudopodia Carry on all life activities within a single cell (unicellular) Very important ecologically At least 10,000 species of protozoa are symbiotic in or on other plants or animals Relationships may be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic Protozoans: form and function 5 Protozoans with flagella: Euglena Euglena •Freshwater with abundant vegetation •Flagellum extends anterior end • Chloroplasts •Stigma functions in orientation to light •Normally autotrophic, but can make use of abosrb nutrients Protozoans with flagella: Termite symbionts Trichonympha 6 Protozoans with flagella: Giardia It's estimated that between 1% and 20% of the U.S. population has giardiasis, and this figure may be 20% or higher in developing countries, where giardiasis is a major cause of epidemic childhood diarrhea. Giardia is becoming ubiquitous in pristine areas like springs and streams Protozoans with flagella: Trypanosoma 7 Sleeping sickness Chaga’s disease Protozoans with cilia: Paramecium 8 Protozoans with cilia: Vorticella Protozoans with pseudopodia: Amoeba 9 Protozoans with pseudopodia: Entoamoeba Entoamoeba Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogen responsible for 'amoebiasis‘ It is estimated to infect about 50 million people worldwide. And to cause 70,000 deaths per year world wide Protozoans with apex: Plasmodium Most important infectious disease of humans About 3.3 billion people - half of the world's population - are at risk of malaria. 10 Importance of Protozoans In water: -form part of plankton -feed on bacteria and other protista -food for filter feeders, like oysters and mussels In soil: -feed on bacteria - release excess nitrogen that plants use Symbiosis: - Mutualism - Parasitism 11