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Achievement Level Descriptors MCA-II Science, High School DOES NOT MEET THE STANDARDS Students at this level of science demonstrate little knowledge and succeed at few of the most fundamental science skills of the Minnesota Academic Standards. Some of the knowledge and abilities these students demonstrate consistently include the following: • • • Scientific inquiry and processes such as formulating testable hypotheses Knowledge of the history and nature of science such as recognizing how hypotheses and theories are different Knowledge of life science such as recognizing the functions of cell structures; recognizing differences and similarities among plant, animal, and bacterial cells; identifying examples of symbiosis; describing chromosomes in terms of DNA and genes; knowing that species have characteristic numbers of chromosomes; knowing that species change over time and that this process is called biological evolution; recognizing whether parts of an ecosystem are living or nonliving; knowing that matter and energy flow through different levels in a community PARTIALLY MEETS THE STANDARDS Students at this level of science partially demonstrate the scientific knowledge and abilities described by the Minnesota Academic Standards. Some of the knowledge and abilities these students can demonstrate consistently include the following: • • • Scientific inquiry and processes such as distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative data Knowledge of the history and nature of science such as distinguishing among hypothesis, theory, and law Knowledge of life science such as describing and differentiating between the processes of photosynthesis and respiration; recognizing the structure and organization of organ systems; knowing that organisms have both innate and learned behavioral responses to stimuli; describing how adaptations of species are related to success; knowing that the role of nucleic acids; recognizing the effects of change in an ecosystem; describing the water, carbon, and oxygen cycles MEETS THE STANDARDS Students at this level of science meet the expectations for knowledge and abilities described by the Minnesota Academic Standards. Some of the knowledge and abilities these students can demonstrate consistently include the following: • Scientific inquiry and processes such as designing a scientific experiment; applying mathematics to analyze data; identifying possible sources of errors and their effects on results MCA-II Achievement Level Descriptors, Science, High School July 2008 • • Knowledge of the history and nature of science such as describing the effect of new evidence on scientific theories; knowing that scientific knowledge must be consistent with experimental evidence; knowing that scientific ideas may be incomplete and may provide opportunity for new advances; describing examples of scientific problems solved by engineering or technology and how technology facilitates new discoveries; describing the development of scientific advancements and their impacts on society Knowledge of life science such as describing the role of the cell membrane; describing the roles of enzymes as catalysts; describing and comparing the processes of mitosis and meiosis and their roles in the cell cycle; classifying organisms in order to show evolutionary relationships and common ancestry; describing how genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring; describing factors in an ecosystem that influence population size and carrying capacity; describing how adaptations of species and coevolution with other species are related to success; describing how changes in ecosystems can affect population size and biodiversity; using Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment to determine genotypes and phenotypes; differentiating among different patterns of inheritance; using the principles of natural selection to explain the differential survival of groups of organisms; describing the nitrogen cycle; describing how energy is used to maintain living systems; describing the nervous system and how it helps maintain homeostasis EXCEEDS THE STANDARDS Students at this level of science exceed the expectations for knowledge and abilities described by the Minnesota Academic Standards. These students demonstrate the knowledge and abilities that meet expectations; the knowledge and abilities they demonstrate consistently that exceed expectations include the following: • • • Scientific inquiry and processes such as knowing that different domains of science use different bodies of scientific knowledge and different methods to investigate questions Knowledge of the history and nature of science such as knowing that, to be valid, scientific knowledge must meet certain criteria; describing examples of scientific advancements by other civilizations and cultures; describing differences between scientific theories and theories from other disciplines Knowledge of life science such as describing analogous structures; describing phylogenetic trees; describing and differentiating among replication, transcription, and translation of nucleic acids; using genetic drift to describe the formation of new species; describing how energy is dissipated as it flows through living systems; describing how organ systems are integrated to maintain homeostasis July 2008 MCA-II Achievement Level Descriptors, Science, High School July 2008