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National 5 History Easter School The Exam 60 marks 1hr 45m Roughly 1.5 minute mark Three sections – must complete all three • Answer sections in any order • Answer questions within sections in any order if numbered • • • • SCOTTISH BRITISH EUROPEAN AND WORLD The Era of the Great War The Atlantic Slave Trade Hitler and Nazi Germany OR The Making of Modern Britain Course Content When I am studying a topic, how much do I need to know? Rule of 5 If you can describe/ explain 5 key themes of each topic, this is generally enough to write a good answer. Course Content Brainstorming Some topics are more common than others On the next slide you will have a prompt – topic or question You will have 3 minutes to try to remember as much as you can – aim for five things you could discuss in an answer The Era of the Great War Why men signed up • • • • • • • Patriotism Recruitment posters Pals battalions i.e. McCraes (Hearts) Money/ wages Adventure/ see the world Sense of duty Fear of the white feather New Technology • Machine gun – 600 bullets per min • Tank – good at crushing barbed wire • Gas – chlorine attacked the lungs, mustard cause blindness • Gas mask – all soldiers had one by 1916 • Aeroplane – used for surveillance Life in the Trenches • • • • • • • • • Rats Lice – trench fever Trench foot / trench mouth Boredom / chores Lack of sleep Fear of death Rations – bully beef, tinned food Shell shock Mud/ flooding/ constantly shelled DORA • Clocks – Daylight Saving time • Feeding ducks banned • Fireworks and kites banned • Enemy aliens arrested • Strikes banned • Spreading false rumours banned • Alcohol watered down • Pub opening restricted Do you know why people were unhappy with these? CONSCRIPTION/ CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS • January 1916 – all unmarried men 18-41 had to sign up • Conchies – objected on religious/ political/ moral grounds i.e. Quakers • Had to go to a tribunal • Most were made to fight anyway • Non combatants – most took roles in army i.e. stretches bearer, cook, first aider • Absolutists – refused to do anything and were arrested • Most sent to prison or camps i.e. Dyce Camp • Badly treated – tortured, beaten up, 73 died • White feather • Families treated badly ie refused service in shops WOMEN’S WORK • Munitions – biggest employer ie Gretna factory making ‘Devil’s porridge’ • Dangerous – TNT poisoning ‘Canaries’, toxic jaundice • Transport – train, bus, tram conductors and driver • Office jobs – for army • Women police officers • Nurses, Volunteers on Western Front • Helped win war/ received vote in 1918 WWI & INDUSTRY • • • • • • • • Scottish heavy industry important Shipbuilding – warships Steel & iron – shipbuilding & tanks Jute – Sandbags Coal – fuel for factories and warships Textiles – soldiers uniforms and blankets Farming – increased production by 2/3rd End of war = decline of heavy industries due to lack of orders • Unemployment up to 10% Nazi Germany Why men signed up Rights in the Weimar Republic • • • • • • • Right to vote at 20 Right to privacy in your own home Right to freedom of speech Right to freedom of religion Right to meet in groups Right to form a political party/ trade union Free Press Treaty of Versailles • • • • • • • 6.6bn reparations Lost 13% of land Anschluss with Austria banned Army reduced to 100,000 No air force or submarines War Guilt Clause Rhineland demilitarised Hyperinflation • • • • • • • • • • • Ruhr crisis – more money printed Deutschemark becomes worthless Life savings worthless Workers paid twice a day Businesses close down Pensions/ set salaries worth nothing Unemployment and poverty increased Some used it to take huge loans and benefit People lost faith in Weimar government Nazi vote goes up to 1.9m Hitler stages his Munich Putsch Nov 1923 Why people voted for the Nazis • Policies – i.e. jobs for unemployed, higher prices for farmers (6m unemployed) • Propaganda – posters by Goebbels i.e. work and bread • Hitler – great speaker, blamed Weimar • Promised to rip up treaty of Versailles • SA – strong, disciplined organised • An alternative to Communism – votes form the Rich • Swastika & Rallies – stood out from other parties (35 in total) • People lost faith in Weimar due to hyperinflation/ Great Depression The Reichstag Fire • 28th February 1933 • Dutch Communist Marinus Van Der Lubbe • Hitler speech ‘every Communist official must be shot where he stands’ • Article 48 – State of emergency • Civil Rights suspended • SA/ police round up Communists & political enemies • Leads to Enabling Act March 1933 – Hitler can pass laws without consulting president • Trade Unions & Political Parties Banned Nazi control of Germany • • • • • • • • SS – Security Service Gestapo – Secret Police Camps – Sachsenhausen, Dachau Propaganda – Goebbels, ie 45 min before film Strength Through Joy – free holidays, concerts Schools – curriculum changed Non Nazis sacked i.e. teachers & judges Hitler Youth Treatment of the Jews • • • • 1933 – Book Burning 1933 – Boycott of Jewish shops Anti Jewish propaganda i.e. the Eternal Jew Nuremberg Laws 1935 – Jewish people lost German citizenship, J on Passports, marriage illegal to Aryans • Jews encouraged to leave Germany • Kristallnacht 1938 – synagogues and Jewish homes smashed and burned • Jews sent to concentration camps The National 5 Exam Marker’s Advice • In National 5 history it is important you know the course content (i.e. the facts about your topics) • BUT what is much more important is that you know how to answer the question • And what’s more – that you can answer them all in the given time Timing • You will have 1 hour 45m or 105 minutes to do three sections • This equates to 35 minutes per section or slightly less if you include time to check over answers • This equates to around 1.5 minutes per mark • So for example, you should spend around 9 minutes on a 6 mark question Know your contexts! • You would be surprised how many candidates answer an entire section on a topic they have never studied • S4 • SCOTTISH (Part E, Great War) BRITISH (C, Slave Trade) EUROPEAN & WORLD (D, Hitler & Germany) • S5/6 • SCOTTISH (Part E, Great War) BRITISH (E, The Making of Modern Britain) EUROPEAN & WORLD (D, Hitler and Nazi Germany) • You must do all three sections. Question Types Take a photo of each of these ‘quick guides’ and save them to a history album Describe Questions – 5 or 6 marks Example; Describe Life in the trenches during WWI. 6 marks Advice: You must include 5 or 6 detailed points Each one must go in a new sentence Each one must contain detail i.e. Trench foot was a terrible disease soldiers got from standing in waterlogged, muddy trenches which caused their feet to decompose and they often underwent amputations. Explain Questions – 5 or 6 marks Example; Explain why women received the vote in 1918. 5 marks Advice: You must include 5 or 6 detailed points Each one must go in a new sentence Each one must be linked back to the wording of the question i.e. The suffragists campaigned peacefully for the vote using leaflets, lobbying and meetings with politicians and this led to women receiving the vote because it gained them much respect and admiration from the public. Comparison Questions – 4 marks You will be given two written sources Example; Compare the views of Source A and B on the Battle of Loos. 4 marks Advice: Use highlighters to highlight points of agreement & disagreement You must include simple and detailed comparisons on the source content Simple comparison example; Sources A and B agree that chlorine gas was used unsuccessfully at the Battle of Loos Detailed comparison; Sources A and B agree that chlorine gas was used unsuccessfully at the Battle of Loos. Source A says ‘we gave the Germans gas but it came back on us’ and Source B agrees by saying ‘ when the gas was released it returned on our own men within seconds’ How Fully– 5 or 6 marks You will be given one written source Example; How Fully does Source D explain why Rationing was introduced in 1918. 5 marks Advice: You must start with a judgement – Source D quite fully explains why rationing was introduced. Then you must interpret the points from the source ‘The source says … this means that… (you can get up to 3 marks for this) Then you must add your own relevant knowledge ‘The source fails to mention that rationing was introduced to ensure fair distribution of food regardless of how much money people had.’ (you can get up to 3 marks for this Evaluate the Usefulness You will be given one written source Example; Evaluate the Usefulness of Source A as evidence of the decline of Scottish industry. 6 marks Advice: You must identify WHO wrote the source, WHEN it was written, WHAT the source is, WHAT it says (two points) and what it MISSES OUT (two points) For each of these you must make an evaluative comment i.e. This makes the source more useful because…This makes the Source less useful because… No evaluative comment= no mark You must make an evaluative comment for every part, even what the source says & misses out Some ‘evaluative comment’ examples The source was written by Private James Heron of the Royal Scots Battalion. This makes the source more useful as he was a soldier who fought on the front lines and was an eyewitness to life in the trenches so is more reliable. The source was written In September 1915 during the Battle of Loos. This makes the source more useful as it was recorded at the time of the event so is more likely to be an accurate representation of events. The source I a diary entry. This makes the source more useful as it is likely to be an honest and unbiased account, based on the soldier’s experience. The source tells us that there were many deaths during the battle and Private Heron’s brother was shot in the leg. This makes it more useful as is shows us that the Scots sustained heavy losses and casualties at Loos. The source fails to mention the Piper of the Trenches at Loos, Daniel Laidlaw, who played his pipes under heavy machine gun fire to lead the Scots into Battle. This makes the source less useful as it leaves out key information. The 8 mark Question • Example; • To what extent was economic gain the main benefit to Britain of the Slave trade? (S4) • To what extent were the surveys of Booth and Rowntree the main reason for changing attitudes to poverty? (S5) Advice: Leave this until the end Explain the important of the issue in the question first Then discuss other factors which are relevant Then come to a conclusion about which is most important & why This is not an essay! More a detailed answer with short conclusion • 5 marks = knowledge put in paragraphs = 1 mark Come to a conclusion = 1 mark Back conclusion up with a reason = 1 mark To what extent was economic gain the main benefit to Britain of the Slave trade? (S4) Economic gain was a key benefit because Britain became very rich due to the slave trade, particularly London which benefited economically due to the growth of banking and insurance related to the slave trade. Other cities like Bristol benefitted from the sugar trade and Liverpool from the cotton trade and these cities became rich and developed due to this. The Slave Trade also created jobs in the slave trade ports for many British people and many thousands were employed in shipbuilding, insurance companies and factories related to the slave trade. Many towns & cities close to Slave Trade ports also benefitted from the Slave trade such as Manchester, where cotton was brought to Liverpool then sent to mills in Manchester & Yorkshire which created more jobs and wealth. Individuals also became rich due to the slave trade such as William Cunninghame in Glasgow who made millions in the tobacco industry and built his Queen Street Mansion which is now the Gallery of Modern Art. In conclusion, the main benefit to Britain of the Slave Trade was the money & wealth it created in large cities like London. This is because it allowed those cities to grown and develop and provided the wealth for them to become economic centres of industry. To what extent were the surveys of Booth and Rowntree the main reason for changing attitudes to poverty? (S5) The Surveys of Booth & Rowntree were important because in their surveys of York and London, the men showed that around 1/3 of the British population lived in poverty and it was previously believed to be only 3%. The Surveys were important as people were shocked when Booth & Rowntree explained that poverty was not always the fault of the individual, that many poor people were working hard but still struggling to survive. The surveys were also important in changing attitudes because Booth & Rowntree showed that poverty was too great a problem for individuals to help themselves – the government would need to intervene to help British people survive. The Boer War was also important because British people were shocked when between ¼ to 1/3 of volunteers were rejected due to ill health and this made them worry about Britain’s ability to fight a war in future. People in Britain were also starting to worry about Germany as a world power. Germany was beginning to overtake Britain in terms of production around 1900 and it was believed that Britain would need a fit and healthy workforce in order to be able to compete and the government would need to play a role In improving peoples’ health. In conclusion, the surveys of Booth and Rowntree were the most important reason for changing attitudes to poverty. This is because the surveys showed people that poverty was a far bigger problem that was previously though and that it would only get worse if it was ignored. 8 Mark Practice To what extent were social and economic policies the main reason the Nazis maintained power after 1933? 8 marks Social and economic policies = anything to do with people/ jobs i.e. jobs for everyone, free holidays Maintained power = stayed in power Paragraph plan P1 – Social and Economic Policies What did Hitler do in terms of jobs/ making people happy that made people support him? i.e. unemployment = 0, built autobahn, strength through joy, peoples car, Berlin Olympics P2 – Other factors What else helped the Nazis control Germany? i.e. SS, Gestapo, Camps, banned Trade Unions, propaganda P3 – Conclusion In conclusion, the most important reason for the Nazis maintaining power was… This is because… Hitler made many people in German happy by giving people jobs, by 1939 unemployment in Germany was 0. Hitler also introduced ‘Strength Through Joy’ which rewarded hardworking Germans with free holidays, cruises and concert tickets which made people support the Nazis. The Nazis also stayed in power by using the Gestapo to spy on Germans, this meant people were too scared to oppose the Nazis. Any enemies of the government were also sent to Concentration Camps which meant very few people disobeyed the Nazis. The Nazis also used propaganda to make people believe Hitler was a great leader of German and ensure people stayed loyal In conclusion, The main reason the Nazis stayed in power was due to reducing unemployment. This is because every German was grateful to the Nazis for finally having a job. A few things to remember • Always look at the marks awarded to guide your length of response • When dealing with sources, use highlighter to highlight key points • NEVER EVER use bullet points in any answer (no marks for anything in BPs) • No successful history candidate EVER finishes early • Read the question & sources very carefully