Download National 5 History Easter Study 2017

National 5 History
Easter School
The Exam
60 marks
1hr 45m
Roughly 1.5 minute mark
Three sections – must complete all
three
• Answer sections in any order
• Answer questions within sections in any
order if numbered
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SCOTTISH
BRITISH
EUROPEAN AND
WORLD
The Era of
the Great
War
The Atlantic
Slave Trade
Hitler and
Nazi
Germany
OR
The Making
of Modern
Britain
Course Content
When I am studying a topic, how
much do I need to know?
Rule of 5
If you can describe/ explain 5 key themes
of each topic, this is generally enough to
write a good answer.
Course Content Brainstorming
Some topics are more common than
others
On the next slide you will have a prompt –
topic or question
You will have 3 minutes to try to
remember as much as you can – aim for
five things you could discuss in an answer
The Era of the
Great War
Why men signed up
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Patriotism
Recruitment posters
Pals battalions i.e. McCraes (Hearts)
Money/ wages
Adventure/ see the world
Sense of duty
Fear of the white feather
New Technology
• Machine gun – 600 bullets per min
• Tank – good at crushing barbed wire
• Gas – chlorine attacked the lungs, mustard
cause blindness
• Gas mask – all soldiers had one by 1916
• Aeroplane – used for surveillance
Life in the Trenches
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Rats
Lice – trench fever
Trench foot / trench mouth
Boredom / chores
Lack of sleep
Fear of death
Rations – bully beef, tinned food
Shell shock
Mud/ flooding/ constantly shelled
DORA
• Clocks – Daylight Saving time
• Feeding ducks banned
• Fireworks and kites banned
• Enemy aliens arrested
• Strikes banned
• Spreading false rumours banned
• Alcohol watered down
• Pub opening restricted
Do you know why people were unhappy with
these?
CONSCRIPTION/
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS
• January 1916 – all unmarried men 18-41 had to sign up
• Conchies – objected on religious/ political/ moral grounds
i.e. Quakers
• Had to go to a tribunal
• Most were made to fight anyway
• Non combatants – most took roles in army i.e. stretches
bearer, cook, first aider
• Absolutists – refused to do anything and were arrested
• Most sent to prison or camps i.e. Dyce Camp
• Badly treated – tortured, beaten up, 73 died
• White feather
• Families treated badly ie refused service in shops
WOMEN’S WORK
• Munitions – biggest employer ie Gretna factory
making ‘Devil’s porridge’
• Dangerous – TNT poisoning ‘Canaries’, toxic
jaundice
• Transport – train, bus, tram conductors and driver
• Office jobs – for army
• Women police officers
• Nurses, Volunteers on Western Front
• Helped win war/ received vote in 1918
WWI & INDUSTRY
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Scottish heavy industry important
Shipbuilding – warships
Steel & iron – shipbuilding & tanks
Jute – Sandbags
Coal – fuel for factories and warships
Textiles – soldiers uniforms and blankets
Farming – increased production by 2/3rd
End of war = decline of heavy industries due to
lack of orders
• Unemployment up to 10%
Nazi Germany
Why men signed up
Rights in the Weimar Republic
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Right to vote at 20
Right to privacy in your own home
Right to freedom of speech
Right to freedom of religion
Right to meet in groups
Right to form a political party/ trade union
Free Press
Treaty of Versailles
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6.6bn reparations
Lost 13% of land
Anschluss with Austria banned
Army reduced to 100,000
No air force or submarines
War Guilt Clause
Rhineland demilitarised
Hyperinflation
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Ruhr crisis – more money printed
Deutschemark becomes worthless
Life savings worthless
Workers paid twice a day
Businesses close down
Pensions/ set salaries worth nothing
Unemployment and poverty increased
Some used it to take huge loans and benefit
People lost faith in Weimar government
Nazi vote goes up to 1.9m
Hitler stages his Munich Putsch Nov 1923
Why people voted for the Nazis
• Policies – i.e. jobs for unemployed, higher prices for
farmers (6m unemployed)
• Propaganda – posters by Goebbels i.e. work and bread
• Hitler – great speaker, blamed Weimar
• Promised to rip up treaty of Versailles
• SA – strong, disciplined organised
• An alternative to Communism – votes form the Rich
• Swastika & Rallies – stood out from other parties (35 in
total)
• People lost faith in Weimar due to hyperinflation/
Great Depression
The Reichstag Fire
• 28th February 1933
• Dutch Communist Marinus Van Der Lubbe
• Hitler speech ‘every Communist official must be shot
where he stands’
• Article 48 – State of emergency
• Civil Rights suspended
• SA/ police round up Communists & political enemies
• Leads to Enabling Act March 1933 – Hitler can pass
laws without consulting president
• Trade Unions & Political Parties Banned
Nazi control of Germany
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SS – Security Service
Gestapo – Secret Police
Camps – Sachsenhausen, Dachau
Propaganda – Goebbels, ie 45 min before film
Strength Through Joy – free holidays, concerts
Schools – curriculum changed
Non Nazis sacked i.e. teachers & judges
Hitler Youth
Treatment of the Jews
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1933 – Book Burning
1933 – Boycott of Jewish shops
Anti Jewish propaganda i.e. the Eternal Jew
Nuremberg Laws 1935 – Jewish people lost
German citizenship, J on Passports, marriage
illegal to Aryans
• Jews encouraged to leave Germany
• Kristallnacht 1938 – synagogues and Jewish
homes smashed and burned
• Jews sent to concentration camps
The National 5 Exam
Marker’s Advice
• In National 5 history it is important you
know the course content (i.e. the facts
about your topics)
• BUT what is much more important is
that you know how to answer the
question
• And what’s more – that you can answer
them all in the given time
Timing
• You will have 1 hour 45m or 105 minutes
to do three sections
• This equates to 35 minutes per section
or slightly less if you include time to
check over answers
• This equates to around 1.5 minutes per
mark
• So for example, you should spend
around 9 minutes on a 6 mark question
Know your contexts!
• You would be surprised how many candidates
answer an entire section on a topic they have
never studied
• S4
• SCOTTISH (Part E, Great War) BRITISH (C,
Slave Trade) EUROPEAN & WORLD (D, Hitler
& Germany)
• S5/6
• SCOTTISH (Part E, Great War) BRITISH (E,
The Making of Modern Britain) EUROPEAN &
WORLD (D, Hitler and Nazi Germany)
• You must do all three sections.
Question Types
Take a photo of each of
these ‘quick guides’ and save
them to a history album
Describe Questions – 5 or 6 marks
Example;
Describe Life in the trenches during WWI.
6 marks
Advice:
 You must include 5 or 6 detailed points
 Each one must go in a new sentence
 Each one must contain detail i.e.
Trench foot was a terrible disease soldiers got
from standing in waterlogged, muddy trenches
which caused their feet to decompose and they
often underwent amputations.
Explain Questions – 5 or 6 marks
Example;
Explain why women received the vote in 1918.
5 marks
Advice:
 You must include 5 or 6 detailed points
 Each one must go in a new sentence
 Each one must be linked back to the wording of the
question i.e.
The suffragists campaigned peacefully for the vote
using leaflets, lobbying and meetings with politicians
and this led to women receiving the vote because it
gained them much respect and admiration from the
public.
Comparison Questions – 4 marks
You will be given two written sources
Example;
Compare the views of Source A and B on the Battle of
Loos.
4 marks
Advice:
 Use highlighters to highlight points of agreement &
disagreement
 You must include simple and detailed comparisons on the
source content
Simple comparison example;
Sources A and B agree that chlorine gas was used unsuccessfully
at the Battle of Loos
Detailed comparison;
Sources A and B agree that chlorine gas was used unsuccessfully
at the Battle of Loos. Source A says ‘we gave the Germans gas
but it came back on us’ and Source B agrees by saying ‘ when the
gas was released it returned on our own men within seconds’
How Fully– 5 or 6 marks
You will be given one written source
Example;
How Fully does Source D explain why Rationing was
introduced in 1918.
5 marks
Advice:
 You must start with a judgement – Source D quite
fully explains why rationing was introduced.
 Then you must interpret the points from the
source ‘The source says … this means that… (you
can get up to 3 marks for this)
 Then you must add your own relevant knowledge
‘The source fails to mention that rationing was
introduced to ensure fair distribution of food
regardless of how much money people had.’ (you can
get up to 3 marks for this
Evaluate the Usefulness
You will be given one written source
Example;
Evaluate the Usefulness of Source A as evidence of
the decline of Scottish industry.
6
marks
Advice:
 You must identify WHO wrote the source, WHEN it was
written, WHAT the source is, WHAT it says (two
points) and what it MISSES OUT (two points)
 For each of these you must make an evaluative comment
i.e. This makes the source more useful because…This
makes the Source less useful because…
 No evaluative comment= no mark
 You must make an evaluative comment for every part,
even what the source says & misses out
Some ‘evaluative comment’ examples
The source was written by Private James Heron of the Royal
Scots Battalion. This makes the source more useful as he was a
soldier who fought on the front lines and was an eyewitness to
life in the trenches so is more reliable.
The source was written In September 1915 during the Battle
of Loos. This makes the source more useful as it was recorded
at the time of the event so is more likely to be an accurate
representation of events.
The source I a diary entry. This makes the source more useful
as it is likely to be an honest and unbiased account, based on
the soldier’s experience.
The source tells us that there were many deaths during the
battle and Private Heron’s brother was shot in the leg. This
makes it more useful as is shows us that the Scots sustained
heavy losses and casualties at Loos.
The source fails to mention the Piper of the Trenches at Loos,
Daniel Laidlaw, who played his pipes under heavy machine gun
fire to lead the Scots into Battle. This makes the source less
useful as it leaves out key information.
The 8 mark Question
• Example;
• To what extent was economic gain the main benefit to
Britain of the Slave trade? (S4)
• To what extent were the surveys of Booth and Rowntree
the main reason for changing attitudes to poverty? (S5)
Advice:
Leave this until the end
Explain the important of the issue in the question first
Then discuss other factors which are relevant
Then come to a conclusion about which is most important &
why
 This is not an essay! More a detailed answer with short
conclusion
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5 marks = knowledge
put in paragraphs = 1 mark
Come to a conclusion = 1 mark
Back conclusion up with a reason = 1 mark
To what extent was economic gain the main
benefit to Britain of the Slave trade? (S4)
Economic gain was a key benefit because Britain became very rich due to
the slave trade, particularly London which benefited economically due to
the growth of banking and insurance related to the slave trade.
Other cities like Bristol benefitted from the sugar trade and Liverpool
from the cotton trade and these cities became rich and developed due to
this.
The Slave Trade also created jobs in the slave trade ports for many
British people and many thousands were employed in shipbuilding, insurance
companies and factories related to the slave trade.
Many towns & cities close to Slave Trade ports also benefitted from the
Slave trade such as Manchester, where cotton was brought to Liverpool
then sent to mills in Manchester & Yorkshire which created more jobs and
wealth.
Individuals also became rich due to the slave trade such as William
Cunninghame in Glasgow who made millions in the tobacco industry and built
his Queen Street Mansion which is now the Gallery of Modern Art.
In conclusion, the main benefit to Britain of the Slave Trade was the
money & wealth it created in large cities like London. This is because it
allowed those cities to grown and develop and provided the wealth for them
to become economic centres of industry.
To what extent were the surveys of Booth and Rowntree the main
reason for changing attitudes to poverty? (S5)
The Surveys of Booth & Rowntree were important because in their surveys of York
and London, the men showed that around 1/3 of the British population lived in
poverty and it was previously believed to be only 3%.
The Surveys were important as people were shocked when Booth & Rowntree
explained that poverty was not always the fault of the individual, that many poor
people were working hard but still struggling to survive.
The surveys were also important in changing attitudes because Booth & Rowntree
showed that poverty was too great a problem for individuals to help themselves –
the government would need to intervene to help British people survive.
The Boer War was also important because British people were shocked when
between ¼ to 1/3 of volunteers were rejected due to ill health and this made them
worry about Britain’s ability to fight a war in future.
People in Britain were also starting to worry about Germany as a world power.
Germany was beginning to overtake Britain in terms of production around 1900 and
it was believed that Britain would need a fit and healthy workforce in order to be
able to compete and the government would need to play a role In improving
peoples’ health.
In conclusion, the surveys of Booth and Rowntree were the most important reason
for changing attitudes to poverty. This is because the surveys showed people that
poverty was a far bigger problem that was previously though and that it would only
get worse if it was ignored.
8 Mark Practice
To what extent were social and economic
policies the main reason the Nazis
maintained power after 1933?
8 marks
Social and economic policies = anything
to do with people/ jobs i.e. jobs for
everyone, free holidays
Maintained power = stayed in power
Paragraph plan
P1 – Social and Economic Policies
What did Hitler do in terms of jobs/ making
people happy that made people support him?
i.e. unemployment = 0, built autobahn,
strength through joy, peoples car, Berlin
Olympics
P2 – Other factors
What else helped the Nazis control Germany?
i.e. SS, Gestapo, Camps, banned Trade Unions,
propaganda
P3 – Conclusion
In conclusion, the most important reason for
the Nazis maintaining power was… This is
because…
Hitler made many people in German happy by giving
people jobs, by 1939 unemployment in Germany was 0.
Hitler also introduced ‘Strength Through Joy’ which
rewarded hardworking Germans with free holidays,
cruises and concert tickets which made people support
the Nazis.
The Nazis also stayed in power by using the Gestapo to
spy on Germans, this meant people were too scared to
oppose the Nazis. Any enemies of the government were
also sent to Concentration Camps which meant very
few people disobeyed the Nazis. The Nazis also used
propaganda to make people believe Hitler was a great
leader of German and ensure people stayed loyal
In conclusion, The main reason the Nazis stayed in
power was due to reducing unemployment. This is
because every German was grateful to the Nazis for
finally having a job.
A few things to remember
• Always look at the marks awarded to guide
your length of response
• When dealing with sources, use highlighter
to highlight key points
• NEVER EVER use bullet points in any
answer (no marks for anything in BPs)
• No successful history candidate EVER
finishes early
• Read the question & sources very carefully