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Spanish Portfolio
bilabial labiodenta dental alveolar postalveola retroflex pabtal velar
l
r
stop
p
t
nasal
m
n
trill
r
tap and flab
ɾ
fractive
β
f
θð
kg
ɲ
s
XY
͡ tʃ
affricate
Approximan
t
J
lateral
Approximan
t
l
ʎ
Simple words
Complex words
Create – crear
Someone - alguien
Speak - hablar
Everything - todo
Walk - caminar
Always – siempre
Voy a la biblioteca
I go
to
Vi una gran águila
The
library
I saw
Yo probable a ser un pájaro
I
likely
to
be
a
bird
a
big
eagle
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Free
bound
Want - querer
Meaningful – significativo
(Meaning – significado)
Eat - comer
Careless – descuidado
(care – cuidado)
Hate - odio
Unsatisfaction –
insatisfacción
(Satisfaction satisfacción)
Spanish language always end the words with -s- if the sentence want to tell us that is
plural such as dog - perro (dogs - perros) and the word ending with a, e, i, o, u will have
s for plural but another word without a, e, i, o, u will have es for plural instead such as
flower – flor (flowers – flores)
Morphemes for past tense
Almost every word will change which has i compound in the word of past tense such as I
see – veo (I saw - vi), I eat – yo como(I ate - comi), I feel – me siento (I felt - senti)
Front
Back
Close
u
i
ɪ
ʊ
o
e
æ
ɜ
Open
ʌ
ɐ
ɑ̈
Ɔ
Española has 12 vowels sounds which are i, ɪ, e, æ, ɜ, ʌ, u, ʊ, o, ɐ, ɑ̈, ɑ, ɔ and it has
almost the same vowels sounds as English but the some sound such as ɔ which English
doesn’t have.
Example of idioms in Spanish
1. “Echar agua al mar” that means “to throw water into the sea” and it’s very
common in Spanish
2. “Tiene más lana que un borrego” translates as “he has more wool than a lamb,”
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3. “Se me hace agua la boca” is a common Spanish idiom translated as “it makes my
mouth water,” meaning that an item of food or a meal is so delicious it makes the
saliva flow in a person’s mouth.
Reference: http://www.fluentu.com/spanish/blog/spanish-idioms/
How old is your language
It is an early form of the Spanish language that was spoken on the Iberian
Peninsula from the 10th century until roughly the beginning of the 15th century, before a
consonantal readjustment gave rise to the evolution of modern Spanish.
What other language are similar to Spanish
It has similarity to English that the subject comes first and then verb comes after
and then adjective, if the sentence has.
Where do the loanwords in Spanish come from?
Spanish mainly loan from Portuguese or Italian to make a word, but English has
borrowing a lot of loanwords from Spanish such as chocolate from chocolate that means
hot water in Spanish
Example of the loanwords
Canyon from cañón meaning "a pipe, tube, gorge" from cano, "tube;" ultimately
from Latin canna meaning "reed."
Amigo from Spanish and/or Portuguese amigo, "friend"; from
Latin amicus meaning "friend," derived from amare (to love).
Cowboy from Spanish vaquero, an individual who managed cattle while mounted
on horseback, from vaca, "cow", from Latin vacca
English
Translation
English word order
He speaks with a dog
Él habla con un perro He speaks with a dog
I am looking at the
mountain
Estoy buscando enla
montana
I am looking at the
mountain
She’ll always be the
in first place
Ella siempre será el
primero en su lugar
She will always be
the first place
I am the one who
loves you
Yo soy el que te ama
I am the one who
loves you
Ping Wichayarat 11-6
He eats dog with his
friend
Él come perro con su
amigo
He eats dog with his
friend
He does not like the
way he looked
No le gusta la forma
en que miraba
He does not like the
way he looked
She eats dog with her Ella come perro con
friend
su amiga
She eats dog with her
friend
The big black woman
eats pizza
La gran mujer negro
come la pizza
The large black
woman eating pizza
The green tomatoes
mean rotten
Los tomates verdes
significan podrida
The tomatoes green
mean rotten
He Jumps into the
hole
Él salta en el agujero
He jumps in the hole
He killed a dog
behind the big tree
Mató a un perro
detrás del gran árbol
He killed a dog
behind the big tree
Explanation
Phrase Structure
Rules
S = NP+VP
NP = det + N
N = adj. + N.
N = N + adj.
VP = V + NP + (NP)
VP = VP + PP
VP = VP + adv.
PP = P + NP
Most of the syntax and PSR is mostly as same as English but some of the English
word is not have in Spanish one such speak which translate from Spanish into
English as talk mean the word describe have less than English and the word will in
Spanish will use as the same. As well, the preposition word is also have less than
English such into and in Spanish use as the same word and sometimes there’re not
have a preposition word when translate back from Spanish to English. And
sometimes the word I Spanish doesn’t need the subject in the
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Ella(she) come(eats) perro(dog) con(with) su(her) amiga(friend)
S
NP
N
VP
VP
Ella
V
PP
NP
come
P NP
perro con adj. N
su amiga
Él(he) habla(speaks) con(with) un(a) perro(dog)
S
NP
N
VP
VP
El
PP
V
habla
P NP
con
adj. N
un perro
Los(the) tomates(tomatoes) verdes(green) significan(mean) podrida(rotten)
S
NP
VP
adj. N
los
V
N adj. siginifican
NP
podrida
tomates verdes
Geographical Distribution
Spanish is the primary language of 20 countries worldwide. It is estimated that
the combined total number of Spanish speakers is between 470 and 500 million, making
it the second most widely spoken language in terms of native speakers.
Spanish is the third most spoken language by total number of speakers (after Mandarin
and English). Internet usage statistics for 2007 show Spanish as the third most commonly
used language on the Internet, after English and Mandarin.
Phonetic and phonological variation
Ping Wichayarat 11-6
I got a primary resource from the website that he said he’s a native Spanish
speaker which and he explain that Mexicans speaker is tend to sing their sentences, and
sound completely different, while the Spain Spanish speak without stressing words. He
said Mexican the pronounce of c is sound like s, when the Spain Spanish pronounce it as
th in English, and there’s also the same difference between 2 language is the way
Mexican say j is sound like h, and Spain Spanish say it very strong.
Morphological Variation
The morphological variation, for example the suffix "-ote" is commonly used in Mexico as
the augmentative ending to making nouns bigger, larger, more powerful, etc. For
example, the word "camión" by itself literally means "bus" but while adding the
suffix, camionzote means "big or long bus". Although it can be repeated just as in the
case of the suffix "-ito" and "-ísimo", therefore camionzotototote means "very very very
big bus”.
Lexical Variation
Spain: Comer manzanas es un placer.
(Literal: To eat apples is a pleasure.)
(Interpretation: Eating apples is a pleasure.) Latin America: Comiendo manzanas es un placer.
(Literal: Eating apples is a pleasure.)
The source is primary because of Mexican people are the one who explain the different
grammar of Mexican Spanish and Liber Spanish. Beginning with the using of Mirar and
Ver, which Mexican Mirrar is mean “to say.” For the example, “to watch a movie,” or “to
watch TV.” While Spaniards use Ver primarily, because Mirar is usually associated with
“not really paying attention while watching.”
But he said the example version is sound horrible to him, because in the Dominican
Republic they say: "Bailar es divertido." and "Ver televisión." But some Spanish speakers
say "mirar la televisión" but he never heard a native speaker from Spain or Mexican say
something like "Comiendo manzanas es divertido." He thinks the example must be
confused of the person who question.
Syntactical Variation
The sentence structure is generally as same as English that subject-verb-object,
although variations are common. The language is a null-subject which means it allows
subject pronouns no needed in the sentence when they are pragmatically unnecessary.
Subject and verb is not required in the questions.
Reference:
http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2008/11/13/10-spanish-dialects-how-spanishis-spoken-around-the-world/
https://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatDifferenceAccentBetweenSpain-Mexico/
bkmgn/post.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Spanish
Ping Wichayarat 11-6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language#Grammar
http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=131554