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Physical Sci. Unit 4 Study Guide Chapter 15 1. Energy in the form of motion is Kinetic energy. 2. A rock at the edge of a cliff has Gravitational Potential energy because of its position. 3. Energy that is stored is Potential energy. 4. Energy stored in food you eat is Chemical Potential energy 5. Mechanical energy is the total potential and kinetic energy in a system. 6. Elastic Potential energy is stored in a stretched rubber band. 7. A book sitting on a shelf has Gravitational Potential energy. 8. Gravitational potential energy depends on the Mass, Gravity, & height (3 things) 9. The primary source of the sun's energy is Nuclear Energy 10. A pendulum is swinging back and forth and has a kinetic energy of 400 J at a particular point in its path. Which of the following statements is not true? a) Both the kinetic and potential energy are decreasing b) When the kinetic energy is zero, the potential energy will be 400 J greater c) The minimum kinetic energy is zero d) The potential energy increases when the kinetic energy decreases 11. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. 12. Increasing the speed of an object (increases / decreases / does not affect) its potential energy. 13. Increasing the speed of an object (increases / decreases / does not affect) its Kinetic energy 14. The SI unit for energy is the Joule 15. You can calculate kinetic energy by using the equation ½ m v2. 16. You can calculate gravitational potential energy by using the equation mgh. 17. A lawn mower transfers chemical potential energy(fuel) into mechanical energy so that the mower moves. Some of the energy is converted to thermal energy in the motor. 18. On a swing your potential and kinetic energies change, but your mechanical energy does not. 19. When you run, your body has converted chemical potential energy(food) into mechanical energy(motion) and thermal energy(heat) Chapter 16 20. As the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume increases. (thermal expansion) 21. Energy is transferred as heat from a substance at (low / high) temperature to a substance at (low / high) temperature. 22. Objects must be (different / same) temperatures in order for heat transfer to occur. 23. Heating by convection can occur through (solids / liquids / gasses ). 24. Radiation is the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a vacuum. 25. Define insulator and conductor. Insulator- does not allow or barely allows heat to travel through it. (has a high specific heat) Conductor- heat easily travels through it. (has a low specific heat) 26. What is –175ºC on the Kelvin scale? -175 + 273 = 98K K-273 = celcius ºC + 273 = Kelvin 27. As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the temperature increases. 28. The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called convection 29. Energy from the sun reaches Earth by Radiation 30. Convection currents rise in air because warm air becomes less dense than the cooler air. 31. Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter? Radiation 32. How much heat energy will cause the temperature of 7 kg of carbon to increase its temperature by 15 K? The specific heat of iron is 449 J/kg K. 7kg x 15K x 449 = 47,145J 33. A cold-blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by (convection / conduction/ Radiation) 34. As the cart goes down a hill of a roller coaster PE is converted to KE. Some of the energy is said to be “lost”. Explain why energy is not truly “lost”. Some of the energy turns into sound energy and heat energy due to friction. Energy is never lost, it only transfers into another form of energy. 35. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object. 36. A(n) thermometer is a device for measuring temperature 37. Absolute zero is the temperature at which the particles in an object stop moving. 38. The energy transferred between two objects because of the temperature difference between the two objects is called Heat. 39. Conduction is the energy transfer as heat between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact. 40. Convection is the transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures. 41. As the temperature of a substance rises how to the particles of that substance behave? The particles move faster 42. Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. 43. A(n) Conductor is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat. 44. A(n) insulator is a material that is a poor energy conductor. 45. Specific heat is the amount of energy transferred as heat that will raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K. Specific Heats at 25°C Substance c (j/kg•K) Substance c (j/kg•K) Water (liquid) 4186 Copper 385 Steam 1870 Gold 129 Ammonia (gas) 2060 Iron 449 Ethanol (liquid) 2440 Mercury 140 Aluminum 897 Lead 129 Carbon (graphite) 709 Silver 234 46. Which substance from the table would be a good insulator? _water A good conductor? mercury or lead___ 47. Does it take more energy as heat to raise the temperature of water by one degree than to raise the temperature of steam by the same amount?(see table) Explain. Yes b/c the specific heat of water is 4186 and steam is 1870, therefore water requires more heat to increase its temperature by 1 degree. 48. Using the table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature increase of 1K. Water 49. Which substance has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat of silver? (use the table) Ethanol 50. 10 kg of a substance underwent a 3 K change in temperature when 11 500 J of energy as heat was added to the substance. What is the substance?(solve for Cp then use the table from above to find the substance) 11,500 J / 10kg x 3K = 383=Cp The substance must be copper