Download Rome2 Decline

The Collapse
of the Roman Republic
43.105, Western Civ (Carlsmith)
Fall 2010
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http://home.uchicago.edu/~jedanker/romrep.timeline.gif
Fall 2010
Gov’t in the Roman Republic
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What caused the Roman
Republic to fall?
Why is this significant?
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I. The Punic Wars
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When?
Where?
Who?
What?
Why?
•  Punic = Phoenecian = Carthaginian
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See
map
in
Noble
p. 156
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www.bible-history.com/rome/ map_punic_wars.gif
•  First Punic War (264-241)
•  Begins over Sicily; imitatio and corvus
•  Second Punic War (218-201)
•  Hannibal’s march; Fabian strategy; Scipio
Africanus attacks at Zama
•  Third Punic War (149-146)
•  Carthago delenda est (Cato)
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First Punic War
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2nd Punic War: Hannibal’s March
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Second Punic War
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Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
Rome annihilates Carthage:
killing the men, enslaving the children, burning
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the buildings, and sowing the fieldsFall
with
salt to make it uninhabitable….
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‘View Show' to view and
zoom map
Roman Expansion Under the Empire
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The main spurt of Roman expansion occurred between 264 and 133
B.C., when most of the Mediterranean fell to Rome, followed by the
conquest of Gaul and the eastern Mediterranean by 44 B.C.
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Question: How could a triumphant VICTORY lead to decline of the
Roman Republic?? 43.105, Western Civ (Carlsmith)
Fall 2010
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.
II. Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
(died 133, 122 BC)
•  “But the men who fight
and die for Italy enjoy
nothing but the air and
light; without house or
home they wander about
with their wives and
children. . . . [T]hey fight
and die to protect the
wealth and luxury of
others; they are styled
masters of the world, and
have not a clod of earth
they can call their own.”
•  Reformist Tribunes
•  Land reform, debt relief,
new colonies, etc.
•  Murdered by Senators
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The Gracchi Brothers
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" He was for giving the
citizenship to all Italians,
extending it almost to the Alps,
distributing the public domain,
limiting the holdings of each
citizen to five hundred acres, as
had once been provided by the
Licinian law, establishing new
customs duties, filling the
provinces with new colonies,
transferring the judicial powers
from the senate to the equites,
and began the practice of
distributing grain to the people.
He left nothing undisturbed,
nothing untouched, nothing
unmolested, nothing, in short,
as it had been.
Velleius Paterculus History of
Rome, II, vi. 3-6
“Haec mea ornamenta
sunt.” (Cornelia Gracchus,
mother)
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III. The Generals Control Rome
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Marius
Sulla
Julius Caesar
[Octavian (Augustus)]
•  = militarization of political leadership
•  See Noble, pp. 135-38
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Marius, “The First Man in Rome”
•  Equestrian popularis
•  Military success
•  Repeated consulships
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Giovanni
Tiepolo,
The
Triumph of
Marius
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Julius Caesar
•  See Noble, pp.
136-38
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From Republic to Empire:
Julius Caesar & Augustus
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Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
•  General, dictator, orator, historian, reformer. . .
•  “the sole creative genius ever produced by
Rome”
•  As famous in death as in life. . .
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Caesar’s career
•  First Triumvirate (60-53
BC)
•  Pompey, Caesar, Crassus
•  Military victories in Gaul
(60-53)
•  Commentaries on Gallic
War
•  Crossing the Rubicon
(49)
•  Civil War (49-45)
•  Dictator in Rome (45-44)
•  Assassinated
•  Ides of March, “et tu,
Bruti?”
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Map of Julius Caesar’s career
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Caesar’s accomplishments
•  Expanded Roman
citizenship to
provinces
•  Expanded Senate
•  Founded colonies for
soldiers
•  Public building
program in Rome
•  Julian calendar
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Caesar in popular culture
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“Veni, vidi, vici”
Shakespeare’s play
Caesarian birth
Caesar/Kaiser/Tsar
Caesar salad
Little Caesar’s pizza
Caesar’s Palace
Jeep Rubicon
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