Download 9-10 Review Questions and Essay Exams

AP Biology Review
Chapters 9-10 Review Questions
Chapter 9: Cell Cycle and Cellular Respiration
1. Understand binary fission in prokaryotes. What is the relative speed of binary fission compared with
eukaryotic mitosis? What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cellular division?
2. How are chromosomes and genes distributed in the body? Do all cells have the same chromosomes
and genes?
3. Distinguish among chromosomes, chromatin, chromatid, centromere, centrosome, and centrioles. Of
what are eukaryotic chromosomes composed?
4. How many of each chromosome do you have in your body cells? Know the difference between
haploid and diploid. What are the haploid and diploid numbers for humans?
5. What are the various stages (in order) of the cell cycle? What are the main events of each stage?
6. When are the critical checkpoints in the cell cycle?
7. How is mitosis different in plants and animal cells?
8. Know the characteristics of cancer cells (table 9.2 on page 158). What characteristic does a tumor
exhibit when it goes from benign to malignant?
9. What are the purposes of apoptosis?
10. Understand the different ways the cell cycle is controlled. What are cyclins, oncogenes, tumorsuppressor genes, and telomeres?
Chapter 10: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
1. What are the phases of meiosis? What are the major events of each phase?
2. How does mitosis and meiosis differ? How are they similar?
3. Are gametes haploid or diploid? Be able to figure out the diploid number of an organism when given
the haploid number (or vice versa).
4. What is a fertilized egg called?
5. What is another name for a tetrad? What is the synaptonemal complex? To what does chiasma refer?
When does crossing over occur?
6. What is a polar body? Why do they form? When does oogenesis complete meiosis II?
7. How are homologous chromosomes similar?
8. What are some advantages of sexual reproduction?
9. How are the end products of mitosis and meiosis different?
10. What factors contribute to genetic recombination?
Chapters 9-10
2003 Question 4
Death is a natural and necessary part of life cycles at all levels of organization.
a) Discuss two examples of how cell death affects the development and functioning of a multicellular
organism.
b) Discuss one example of how substances are degraded and reused in cells.
c) Discuss the evolutionary significance of death.
2004 Question 1
Meiosis reduces chromosome number and rearranges genetic information.
a) Explain how the reduction and rearrangement are accomplished in meiosis.
b) Several human disorders occur as a result of defects in the meiotic process. Identify one such
chromosome abnormality; what effects does it have on the phenotype of people with the disorder?
Describe how this abnormality could result from a defect in meiosis. (Chapter 12 information)
2006 Form B Question 1
Sexual reproduction requires that half of the chromosomes in a zygote come from one parent and the other half
come from the second parent.
a) Describe the process by which a cell’s complement of chromosomes is halved in the formation of
gametes.
b) Choose one organism or group of organisms that reproduce asexually. Describe the mode of asexual
reproduction in that organism and explain the advantages to the organism of asexual reproduction.
c) Choose one organism or group of organisms that reproduce sexually. Describe the mode of sexual
reproduction in that organism and explain the advantages to the organism of sexual reproduction.
2011 Form B Question 1
The cell cycle is fundamental to the reproduction of eukaryotic cells.
a) Describe the phases of the cell cycle.
b) Explain the role of THREE of the following in mitosis or cytokinesis
 Kinetochores
 Microtubules
 Motor proteins
 Actin filaments
c) Describe how the cell cycle is regulated and discuss ONE consequence of abnormal regulation.
2015 Question 4
Both mitosis and meiosis are forms of cell division that produce daughter cells containing genetic information
from the parent cell.
(a) Describe TWO events that are common to both mitosis and meiosis that ensure the resulting daughter
cells inherit the appropriate number of chromosomes.
(b) The genetic composition of daughter cells produced by mitosis differs from that of the daughter cells
produced by meiosis. Describe TWO features of the cell division processes that lead to these differences.
2016 Question 7
In a certain species of plant, the diploid number of chromosomes is 4 (2n=4). Flower color is controlled by a single
gene in which the green allele (G) is dominant to the purple allele (g). Plant height is controlled by a different gene
in which the dwarf allele (D) is dominant to the tall allele (d). Individuals of the parental (P) generation with the
genotypes GGDD and ggdd were crossed to produce F1 progeny.
a. Construct a diagram below to depict the four possible normal products of meiosis that would be produced
by the F1 progeny. Show the chromosomes and the allele(s) they carry. Assume the genes are located on
different chromosomes and the gene for flower color is on chromosome 1.
b. Predict the possible phenotypes and their ratios in the offspring of a testcross between an F1 individual
and a ggdd individual.
c. If the two genes were genetically linked, describe how the proportions of phenotypes of the resulting
offspring would most likely differ from those of the test cross between an F1 individual and a ggdd
individual.
Campbell/Reese Review pg. 265
Describe the process of cell division in a typical plant cell, including:
a) The cell cycle of a plant cell
b) The process of mitosis
c) Cytokinesis