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World History Unit 8 Lesson 1 “The Italian Renaissance” Causes of the Renaissance 1. An increase in trade, with exposure to new ideas. Florence, Genoa, & Venice were leading trading cities. World History Unit 8 Lesson 1 “The Italian Renaissance” 2. A renewed interest in the classics, or writings of the Greeks & Romans. 3. Patrons who would pay for the art & scholarship existed. The Medici family is an example. World History Unit 8 Lesson 1 “The Italian Renaissance” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Key Renaissance Beliefs Highly valuing the classics. More interest in life on earth. The importance of the individual. (autobiography & portraits) Civitas- importance of public service. Emphasis on education. World History Unit 8 Lesson 1 “The Italian Renaissance” 1. 2. 3. 4. Impacts of the Renaissance A driving desire to understand the world. A more secularized society. The Catholic Church’s influence was weakened. Linguistic study caused many to challenge the Catholic Church’s teachings. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” 1. 2. 3. 4. Problems in the Catholic Church Immorality undermined the authority of the Catholic Church. Political Corruption- simony along with pluralism & absenteeism. Abuses- people were dismayed by the greed displayed by leaders. Scandals such as the Babylonian Captivity & Great Schism. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” 5. Theological Disputes- people said some of the Church’s teachings were wrong because they were in conflict with the Bible. 6. Indulgences were sold as certificates that gave forgiveness for penance, or earthly punishment, for sin. To sell more of them, this was eventually expanded to include time in purgatory, even for the dead! World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” Events of the Reformation 1. Martin Luther argued that salvation came through faith in what Jesus had done on the cross, not by works. 2. Luther was enraged at the way Tetzel sold indulgences, and wrote the 95 Theses which challenged the Church’s teachings. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” 3. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther when he would not stop his teachings. 4. Holy Roman Emperor declared Luther an outlaw, but Fredrick the Wise protected him. 5. Luther’s effort to reform the Catholic Church caused it to split. Those who left for other churches were called Protestants. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” 1. 2. 3. Key Protestant Beliefs Sola fide- salvation is by faith in Christ alone. Sola Scriptura- The Bible is the ONLY guide for Christian belief & practice. The Priesthood of All Believers- all Christians can approach God without a human priest because of Jesus’ work on the cross. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” Catholic Response 1. The Counter-Reformation was the attempt of the Catholic Church to fight back against the Protestants. 2. The Catholic Reformation was the attempt of the Catholic Church to make needed reforms in areas they considered legitimate concerns. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Results of the Reformation The Catholic Church lost power. Wars of religion would be fought. The Catholic Church made reforms. Europe’s religious unity was broken. Emphasis on the Bible led to increased literacy in Protestant countries. World History Unit 8 Lesson 2 “The Reformation”