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Download Muscular System / Force and Work When muscles contract Work
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Name________________________________Date______Class__ Muscular System / Force and Work Functions of the Muscular System Move the body Regulate materials moving within the body: Size of blood vessels, pyloric valve, pupil of the eye Move food through the digestive tract (smooth muscle) Voluntary Muscles Muscles you can control: all skeletal muscles Involuntary Muscles Muscles you do not consciously control -Smooth muscle in the digestive system -Heart (cardiac muscle) -Pupil of the eyes (sphincter muscle) -Blood vessel walls When muscles contract -Muscles move by contract This is the only movement they can make. -It takes two muscle groups to move a bone, one to contract and move the bone and another to contract and move the bone back to the original position Thought Questions What are the organs of the muscular system? Muscles What are the three types of muscle cells? Skeletal muscle or striated muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle What are the major muscle groups of the body (see picture above)? Trapezoids, Deltoids, Pectorals, Biceps brochii, Tricepsbrochii, Abdominals, Latissimus Dorsi, Gluteus maximus, Biceps Femoris, Rectus femorus, Gastrocnemius What cell organelle corresponds most closely to the muscular system? The mitochondrion -It burns oxygen and glucose to make energy for the cell. Skeletal muscle cells have extra mitochondrion in them to help them burn more energy Work Work is the amount of energy transferred by a force moving a distance Work = force x distance ___W= FxD_______________ Measured in Joules Work and inclined planes The greater the angle of the inclined plane, the more force is necessary to move the object up The amount of work done is the same if the object moves the same distance Inclined planes trade the amount of force necessary to move the object with the distance you move the object. The lower the angle makes work easier, because it uses less force over a greater distance Name________________________________Date______Class__ Thought Questions What conditions must be met to consider that work has been done? -If you apply a force and you move an object in the same direction as the force, work has been done -If you apply less force, less work has been done -If no force is applied, no work has been done, even if the object moves (ex: a falling object) How can force be reduced to do work? -Using simple machines makes work easier by increasing the distance to move an object and reducing the force needed to move the object -Inclined planes or ramps make less force necessary by increasing the distance the object must be moved Work Calculations How much work is done by a person who uses a force of 30N to move a grocery buggy 12m? - W=FxD = (30N) (12m)= 360J 55, 000J of work is done to move a rock 25m. How much force was applied? F=W/D = 55,000J/25m = 2200J Thought Questions How do the muscular and skeletal systems interact to apply forces? -When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the tendon at the end of the muscle which is attached to the bone. -The bone is moved like a lever -The opposing muscle group must then contract to apply the opposite force to move the bone back to the original position How can the force done by muscles be calculated? –The force applied by a muscle can be measured using instruments *Hand grips *Weights *Spring Scales How do the skeletal and muscular systems interact to transform energy both internally and externally? -Muscle cells burn glucose and oxygen to transform chemical energy to mechanical and heat energy -Mechanical force applied by muscles is transferred to bones as motion -Potential (chemical) to kinetic (mechanical)
