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The Last Czar: Nicholas II and Alexandra 6.1 totalitarian: ____________________________________________________________________________ dictatorship: ____________________________________________________________________________ petition: _______________________________________________________________________________ civil liberties: ___________________________________________________________________________ universal: ______________________________________________________________________________ emancipation: __________________________________________________________________________ hemophilia: ____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ____________________________ _________________ _________________ _______________ _________________ List reasons why Russia's Czar Nicholas II became increasingly unpopular during his reign? - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ The March Revolution of 1917 6.2 decree: ________________________________________________________________________________ provisional: ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________ _________________________________ ___________________ ________________ Russian Socialist Party Why were the Mensheviks, not the Bolsheviks, able to establish a government in the aftermath of Russia's March Revolution of 1917? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The March Revolution of 1917 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The October "Bolshevik" Revolution of 1917 _________________________ 6.3 What was Lenin's simple message to the people of Petrograd? "_________, _________, and _________." The Russian Civil War ___________ ___________ ___________ The October “Bolshevik” Revolution of 1917 _________________________ Why did Kerensky's Social Democratic government fall in the Bolshevik Revolution of October, 1917? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ replaced by an “elite party of professional revolutionaries 3. Since a vast majority of Russia’s population was made up 6.4 peasant farmers,… incentive: ______________________________________________________________________________ peasantry: ______________________________________________________________________________ …Lenin urged that the revolution must unite the soviet: _________________________________________________________________________________ proletariat with the peasantry. Leninism and the U.S.S.R. + ____________________ proletariat hammer Leninism and the U.S.S.R. = ____________________ peasant sickle ____________________ “hammer and sickle”. BQ1: How did Leninism differ from Marxism? U.S.S.R. = ____________________________________________ CPSU = _______________________ of the __________________ Identify the three ways by which LENINISM differed from MARXISM? MARXISM LENINISM 1. ________________________________________ | __________________________________________ ________________________________________ | __________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________ | __________________________________________ ________________________________________ | __________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________ | __________________________________________ ________________________________________ | __________________________________________ Stalinism 6.5 collectivization: _________________________________________________________________________ famine: ________________________________________________________________________________ gulag: _________________________________________________________________________________ purge: _________________________________________________________________________________ intelligensia: ___________________________________________________________________________ STALINISM LEFT-WING ders RIGHT-WING Leaders (General Secretary of the CPSU) (General Secretary of the CPSU) EP NEP ulture Agriculture alization Industrialization lution Revolution Describe the effects of each of the following aspects of Joseph Stalin’s rule on the Soviet Union? Stalinism Collectivization of Agriculture: __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Five-Year Plans: __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Comintern: __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Great Purge: _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ How did Stalin's "Twenty-One Conditions" for joining Comintern contribute to the rise of Fascism in Europe? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Leninism and the U.S.S.R. LENINISM 1917-1924 COMMUNISM MARXISM 1848 STALINISM 1929-1953 Benito Mussolini and the Rise of Italian Fascism 6.6 fascism: _______________________________________________________________________________ anti-semitic: ____________________________________________________________________________ unemployment: _________________________________________________________________________ paramilitary: ___________________________________________________________________________ ________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________________ ___________ _______________ ___________________________________________ List the factors that allowed the fascist Benito Mussolini to establish his dictatorial rule over Italy by 1926: - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ What was the meaning of Mussolini's nickname, "Il Duce"? ____________________________________ Revolution and Instability in Post-War Germany 6.7 hyperinflation: __________________________________________________________________________ • The government of the Weimar Republic was weak and unpopular:! → Its leaders were blamed for defeat in the war, and humiliation! ! at Versailles. → It was not trusted, as Germany lacked democratic traditions. →_______________ Dozens of political parties split German________________ society. ________________________________ German Federal Election, 1920! Distribution of seats in the Reichstag! In the 1920 German Federal Election for the Reichstag, ! what was the total percentage of voters who voted for:! Left: "communist" and "social democratic" parties? _____% Right: "people's" parties? _____% → $33bn in reparations payments strained the economy, forcing ! What percentage of German voters would be considered to be "in the middle"? _____ ! the gov’t to print Marks to meet its debts. Revolution and Instability in Post-War Germany ! What is the message of the German propaganda poster at left?! _______________________________! _______________________________! _______________________________! _______________________________! _______________________________! _______________________________! _______________________________! The! Dawes! Plan! Belgium! Britain ! France! Translate the phrase at the bottom:! _______________________________! Why did Germany experience hyperinflation during the 1920s? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Revolution and Instability in Post-War Germany ! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How was the hyperinflation crisis resolved? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why did the Nazis believe Germany lost the Great War?! __________________________________________________! __________________________________________________! Adolf Hitler and the Rise of__________________________________________________! German National Socialism (1919-1924) 6.8 __________________________________________________! platform: ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________! Fuehrer: _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________! treason: _______________________________________________________________________________ manifesto: _____________________________________________________________________________ N__________ S__________ D__________ A__________ P__________! ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________! Why did the Nazis believe Germany lost the Great War?! __________________________________________________! __________________________________________________! __________________________________________________! __________________________________________________! __________________________________________________! __________________________________________________! Summarize the political philosophy and goals for Germany expressed by Hitler in his manifesto, “Mein Kampf,” or “_______ ____________.”! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! N__________ S__________ D__________ A__________ P__________! ! - ____________________________________________! ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________! ! - ____________________________________________! ! - ____________________________________________! ! - ____________________________________________! ! - ____________________________________________! ! - ____________________________________________! ! - ____________________________________________! Why, ultimately, did Hitler seek power through the democratic process? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ extreme right (fascism) and left (communism),… …preferring instead the more moderate, and safe, center. Adolf Hitler and the Rise of German National Socialism (1925-1928) Radicals! →! revolutionary Δ! Communism! Liberals! →! Left! moderate Δ (reform)! Conservatives! 6.9 Right! little to no Δ (tradition)! Fascism! BQ1: How did many Germans react, politically, as Germany’s economic situation improved? ! How did many Germans react, politically, as Germany's economic situation improved in the late 1920s? ! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adolf Hitler and the Rise of German National Socialism (1925-1928) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ → Yet, despite their best efforts, in the parliamentary election of ! ________________ ___________________ ______________________ ! 1928, the Nazis received just 2.6% of the national vote,… Social Democratic (29.8%) Nationalist (14.2%) Catholic Center (12.1%) Communist (10.6%) People's (8.7%) Democratic (4.9%) Economic (4.5%) Bavarian People's (3.0%) National Socialist (2.6%) Landvolk (1.8%) others (7.5%) Why, in the election of 1928, were German voters largely unreceptive to the message of Hitler and the Nazi Party?! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! ______________________________________! …earning only 12 of the Reichstag’s 491 seats. Why, in the election of 1928, were German voters largely unreceptive! to the message of Hitler and the Nazi Party?! The Great Depression 6.10 decadent: ______________________________________________________________________________ depression: _____________________________________________________________________________ THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE! Highlight the following three phrases using your three highlighters:! - the Roaring ‘20s! - the Crash of the NYSE! - the Great Depression! Highlight the corresponding phases of the ! Great Depression on the graph at left. ! The Great Depression ! _________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________ PREDICT: How might the economic devastation of the Great Depression impact support for the Nazi Party in Germany? Why? (Use the political spectrum to explain your answer). _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adolf Hitler and the Rise of German National Socialism (1929-1933) 6.11 incumbent: _____________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ______________________ ____________________ Reichstag Election Results Election Year 1920 May 1924 Dec 1924 May 1928 Sep 1930 Jul 1932 Nov 1932 Mar 1933 Nov 1933 Communists Social Democrats Catholic Centre Party NSDAP 12.6% 9.0% 20.5% 26.0% 13.4% 13.6% 6.5% 3.0% 20.4% 18.3% 0.0% 11.8% 12.5% 11.9% 11.7% 0.0% 43.9% 92.1% 16.9% 12.3% 0.0% Why did the Nazi share of the national vote drop in the election of November, 1932? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why, despite this drop, did President Hindenburg appoint Hitler as Chancellor just two months later? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reichstag Election Results (1920-1933)! 39%! 33%! 27%! 21%! 15%! 9%! 3%! 1920! May! A! 1924! Dec! 1924! May! 1928! B! Sep! 1930! --- Communist Party of Germany! --- Social Democratic Party! --- Catholic Centre Party! --- National Socialist German Workers’ Party! Jul! 1932! A. B. C. D. Nov! 1932! C! Mar! 1933! D! Nov! 1933! ___________________________! ___________________________! ___________________________! ___________________________! Why did the Nazi's share of the vote increase so dramatically after events C and D? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adolf Hitler and the Rise of German National Socialism (1933-1934) 6.12 ____________________________________________________ _________________________________ _____________________________________________ _______________________________________ What three factors allowed Hitler to turn democratic power into absolute, dictatorial power? - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Nazification of Germany 6.13 concentration camp: _____________________________________________________________________ ideology: _______________________________________________________________________________ denounce: ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ _______________ _________________ _______________ __________________________ _____________________________ ______________________________ Images from the propaganda film "___________________________________." Why did the Nazis commission the production of the propaganda film shown above? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jews in the Third Reich 6.14 boycott: ________________________________________________________________________________ pogrom: _______________________________________________________________________________ synagogue: _____________________________________________________________________________ "Germans! Protect Yourselves! Don't buy from Jews!" "Don't buy from Jews. Buy in German shops!" ________________________________________________________ ________________________________ _____________ ______________________________________ How did the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 define the position of Germany's Jews within the Third Reich? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________