Download OPERATION OF LV SYSTEM FOREWORD Power Systems

2.1
PSLWM
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OPERATION OF LV SYSTEM
FOREWORD
Power Systems Management Safety Procedure (PSMSP) 5.1 lays down the procedure for the
Authorisation of Persons in connection with the ScottishPower System. In accordance with these
procedures LV System Switching may only be carried out unsupervised by a suitably authorised
Authorised Person. Prior to authorisation the Person shall have undergone and satisfactorily
completed training in accordance with PSLWM 1.4.
1
SCOPE
This Section of the Power Systems Live Working Manual lays down guidelines for Persons to carry
out competently Switching on the LV distribution System.
2
DEFINITIONS
Terms printed in bold type are as defined in the ScottishPower Safety Rules (Electrical and
Mechanical) 4th Edition.
3
DANGERS
The main dangers to persons carrying out Switching on the LV distribution System are electric shock
or burns arising from:3.1
The use of uninsulated tools, or the use of tools with damaged insulation, or insulation not
Approved.
3.2
The careless insertion or removal of fuses or links resulting in metalwork making contact
between phases or from phase to earth.
3.3
Damaged rubber gloves.
3.4
The insertion of fuses or links without establishing the voltage conditions and where, for
example, due to a System fault, phase to phase voltage (415V) exists across the contacts.
3.5
Phase barriers being missing in a pillar, cabinet, board or underground link disconnection box
and fuses or links making contact across phases.
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3.6
Metallic or other conducting objects being dropped into an underground disconnection box.
3.7
The presence of gas in an underground link disconnection box.
3.8
Failure to correctly use appropriate PPE.
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4
LV SYSTEM
LV System operations consist of a series of actions which must be taken to avoid Danger and where
appropriate keep customers informed of possible loss of supply.
LV Switching may be considered as:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
the action of insertion of fuses or links
the action of withdrawal of fuses or links
the action of closing a circuit breaker
the action of opening a circuit breaker
any other method of making an electrical circuit
any other method of breaking an electrical circuit
Details of the actions required in LV Switching are given in Part 6 of this Section but can be
summarised as follows:Action A
Instruction/Notification before Switching.
Action B
Identification of apparatus and/or circuit to be operated.
Action C
Examination of the immediate area where Switching is to take place.
Action D
Inspection of the Apparatus to ensure that it is not distressed or otherwise deficient.
Action E
Assembly of the correct tools and equipment, ensuring their safe condition.
Action F
Verification of the voltage conditions before and during Switching.
Action G
Insertion and Withdrawal of fuses or links.
Action H
Verification of voltage conditions after withdrawal of fuses/links.
Action I
Securing Apparatus to maintain safety.
Action J
Reporting that Switching has been completed.
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5
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON LV SYSTEM SWITCHING PRACTICE
Step 1
Carry out all operations in accordance with ScottishPower Safety Rules (Electrical
and Mechanical) - 4th Edition, Power Systems Safety Instructions and associated
policies and practices.
Step 2
Before starting an operation:
Step 3
(a)
Make sure that lighting is sufficient to allow operations to be carried out
safely.
(b)
Inspect cabinet, pillar, etc. for any signs of distress, damage or overheating
which could affect the operation.
(c)
Ensure a clear path exists away from the Apparatus
(d)
Ensure a good foot-hold and a firm and steady stance so that if a tool, fuse or
link should slip balance is not lost.
(e)
Ensure phase barriers and screens are fitted in pillars, cabinets, distribution
boards or underground network boxes and are in a sound condition before
carrying out any operation.
(a)
Use Approved insulated tools for inserting and withdrawing fuses/links and
for tightening and loosening bolts or wedges in fuses/links.
(b)
Wear Approved rubber gloves if you have to use special tools provided by
manufacturers to insert or withdraw fuses/links because they may not be fully
insulated to ScottishPower standards.
(c)
Inspect before and after use all Approved insulated tools and special tools,
including link poles.
Do not use an insulated tool or link pole if the insulation has been cut away
from the head of the tool or pole.
Step 4
Consider, before operating any tool, what could happen if it slipped in use.
Step 5
Consider, before loosening any part, what could happen once it can move freely.
Step 6
Use Approved voltage indicators to check voltage conditions before inserting fuse or
link which will make a parallel or energise a section.
Step 7
Use only voltage indicators (test lamps or standard voltmeters) which have fused
leads.
Step 9
Seek assistance if difficulties arise during Switching.
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6
LV SYSTEM SWITCHING
ACTION A - INSTRUCTION/NOTIFICATION BEFORE SWITCHING
No Switching should be carried out without an instruction being received and until all appropriate
Persons have been informed. The following steps should be carried out:Step 1
Receive instruction to:(a)
Investigate a no supply complaint(s)
(b)
Make an LV parallel
(c)
Make safe Apparatus
Step 2
Warn of any proposed disconnections of supply to appropriate Persons. This will
include warning the Local Office before carrying out Switching in order that
"Troublecall" systems can be kept up to date.
Step 3
Carry out instruction
Step 4
Confirm/notify Switching completed.
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ACTION B - IDENTIFICATION OF THE APPARATUS
AND/OR CIRCUIT TO BE OPERATED
In order to correctly identify the correct Apparatus/Circuit to be operated the following steps should
be carried out.
Step 1
Study relevant LV schematics, cable records, maps.
Step 2
Compare the information from the schematics etc., with the information available
on-site on substation name plates, pillar doors, circuit labels.
Step 3
Proceed, in accordance with Power Systems Safety Instruction 12, if the information
matches.
Investigate further, if the information fails to match.
Where doubt remains refer to issuer of instruction for guidance.
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ACTION C - EXAMINATION OF THE IMMEDIATE AREA
WHERE SWITCHING IS TO TAKE PLACE
Step 1
Make sure that lighting is sufficient to allow operations to be carried out safely. If
necessary, use portable lighting.
Step 2
Determine whether a safe working platform in front of the Switching area exists. If it
does not, establish one.
Step 3
Determine whether a clear path, free from any obstructions, leading away from the
Switching area exists. If not establish one.
Step 4
Identify any earthed metalwork, which may come into immediate proximity of Live
metalwork during or after Switching.
Step 5
Move back, away from the Switching area any persons not directly involved with the
Switching.
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ACTION D - INSPECTION OF THE APPARATUS TO ENSURE
IT IS NOT DISTRESSED OR OTHERWISE DEFICIENT
Switching should not be carried out until the operator has inspected the Apparatus for signs of
distress or damage which may lead to Danger when the operation is carried out.
Step 1
Check Apparatus for `Operational Restriction' labels. If they are present they must
be obeyed.
Step 2
Check whether all phase barriers are in place. If phase barriers are missing, in certain
circumstances temporary insulating barriers, for example, Caution Notices may be
used.
Suspend operation if in doubt until satisfactory barriers are obtained.
Step 3
Inspect Apparatus for signs of distress and damage including broken LV insulators,
overheated contacts, leaking compound, signs of flashover.
Seek assistance if unsure of the condition of the Apparatus.
Step 4
Establish that neutral link is in place.
Leave neutral link in place even when phase fuses or links are withdrawn.
Underground Link Boxes - Additional Steps before opening:(a)
Empty all loose items from pockets to prevent anything from falling onto Live
contacts and possibly causing a flashover.
(b)
Remove pavement cover
(c)
Check for smell of gas.
Suspend all actions if at any stage gas is detected until tests for gas can be
carried out.
(d)
Check for signs of overheating from inner lid.
Suspend all actions until excess heat has been removed.
(e)
Check for water.
Remove any present sufficient to prevent ingress when inner lid removed.
PSLWM 2.1
(f)
Clean loose dirt or rust flakes from top of inner lid.
(g)
Remove inner lid carefully ensuring it does not drop back.
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ACTION E - ASSEMBLY OF THE CORRECT TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
ENSURING THEIR SAFE CONDITION
General
Select correct link/fuses, link-poles and associated equipment. Failure to do so may result in
insufficient clearance from earthed metalwork or overheating due to either insufficient contact area or
inability to tighten moving contacts.
Links
Step 1
Ensure that link(s) to be inserted is the correct size and type for use in the particular
pillar or underground link box.
Step 2
Wear Approved rubber gloves if link(s) to be inserted requires the use of a
manufacturers' special tool which may not be insulated to ScottishPower standards.
Link Poles
Step 1
Examine link pole before use to ensure the pole and its insulation are in a satisfactory
condition.
Step 2
Check link pole is the correct one for the particular pillar.
Step 3
Ensure link pole can be operated without making inadvertent contact with earthed
metalwork.
HRC Cartridge Fuses in Insulated Carriers
Step 1
Check insulated porcelain carrier is the correct design for the particular pillar/link box
and ensure the fuse/carrier are correctly assembled.
Step 2
Ensure fuse is the correct type/size/rating.
Step 3
Check carrier for cracking or missing porcelain and insulated thumb-screws for
damage (no Live metal exposed).
Step 4
Check soundness of fuse using an Approved insulation/continuity tester.
Step 5
Ensure thumb-screws/wedges are fully loosened.
Bolt-on HRC Fuses and Rewirable Fuses
Step 1
Ensure such fuses are only used on Apparatus designed for their use.
Step 2
Check fuses are correctly assembled.
Step 3
Check soundness of fuses using an Approved insulation/continuity tester.
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ACTION F - VERIFICATION OF VOLTAGE CONDITIONS
BEFORE AND DURING SWITCHING
For the safety of the operator and to avoid inadvertent losses of supply to customers it is essential that
voltage conditions are verified before and after fuses/links are inserted or withdrawn. It is equally
important that the verification be carried out in the Approved manner with the Approved equipment.
1
TEST LAMPS
Use only Approved Voltage Indicator - See Approved Equipment List at rear of this
Manual.
Step 1
Whether voltage is present - NIL Intensity
(b)
phase/neutral voltage (240V) - HALF Intensity
(c)
phase/phase voltage (415V) - FULL Intensity
Ensure before use the test lamps consist of the following safety features, have not
been modified and contain only Approved replacement parts:-
Step 2
NOTE
2
(a)
(a)
a 4000 ohm resistor which reduces the operating voltage and current and
limits the short-circuit current in the event of a filament fault.
(b)
a "rough service" double filament lamp
(c)
a 500 mA series fuse
(d)
finger shields
(e)
fully insulated contact prongs
If voltages other than those stated in Step 1 above require to be measured an
Approved voltmeter equipped with Approved fused leads in accordance with HSE
Guidance Note GS 38 must be used. The use of multi-meters should be avoided as
"accident history has shown that the use of incorrectly set multimeters has frequently
caused accidents."
USE OF TEST LAMPS BEFORE AND AFTER SWITCHING
General
Handle and Store test lamps with care.
Inspect immediately before and after use.
Do not leave test lamps connected to Live circuits for long periods.
Do not apply test lamps to voltages greater than 500V AC or DC
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2.1
Verification of Voltage Conditions Before and During Inserting Fuses/Links to Make
an LV System Parallel
Step 1
Check between each phase contact and neutral, both busbar and circuit, for the
presence of 240V (half-lamp intensity)
6 Tests are required, namely,
Busbar: Red-Neutral, Yellow-Neutral, Blue-Neutral
Circuit: Red-Neutral, Yellow-Neutral, Blue-Neutral
If any indication other than half intensity is obtained the reasons must be established
before proceeding with the other checks.
Step 2
(a)
Check between each phase busbar contact and the other two for the presence
of 415V (full-lamp intensity)
3 Tests are required, namely,
Busbars: Red-Yellow, Yellow-Blue, Red-Blue
(b)
Check between each phase circuit contact and the other two for the presence of
415V (full-lamp intensity)
3 Tests are required, namely,
Circuit: Red-Yellow, Yellow-Blue, Red-Blue
Step 3
(a)
Check between each phase busbar contact and circuit contact that the test
lamps do not light (NIL Intensity)
3 Tests are required, namely
Top phase contacts: Red-Red
Middle phase contacts: Yellow-Yellow
Bottom phase contacts: Blue-Blue
(b)
Confirm test lamps are working by applying,
Phase - Neutral (half-lamp intensity)
NOTE:-
The above checks should be undertaken in the order described (that is Steps 1,2,3) but
the order of the individual actions may be varied to suit the layout of particular sets of
contacts e.g. skeltag, vertical busbar boards, etc.
After the insertion of the first fuse/link (say the Top) in accordance with Action G:
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Step 4
(a)
Re-check the other two (Middle and Bottom) sets of contacts for NIL Intensity
namely,
Red fuse/link inserted
Check Yellow-Yellow and Blue-Blue contacts
(b)
Confirm test lamps are working by applying phase-neutral (half-lamp
intensity)
After the insertion of the second fuse/link (say Middle) in accordance with Action G:
Step 5
(a)
Re-check the remaining bottom contacts for (NIL Intensity) namely,
Red and Yellow fuses/links inserted
Check Blue-Blue contacts
(b)
2.2
Confirm test lamps are working by applying phase-neutral (half-lamp
intensity)
Verification of Voltage Conditions Before and During Energising of a Circuit
Step 1
Confirm test lamps are in working order using an APPROVED proving unit or against
a known Live source (phase-neutral)
Step 2
Check phase contacts, of the Live side for the presence of 415V (full-lamp intensity)
3 tests are required, namely
RED - YELLOW
YELLOW - BLUE
RED - BLUE
Step 3
(a)
Check the phase contacts of the circuit to be energised are not Live
3 tests are required, namely
RED/YELLOW/BLUE - NEUTRAL (NIL-intensity)
(b)
Confirm test lamps working by applying phase-neutral
Step 4
Insert first fuse/link (say the red) in accordance with ACTION G
Step 5
(a)
Check between Red phase contact of circuit being energised and neutral for
240V (half-lamp intensity)
(b)
Check between Yellow phase contact of circuit being energised and neutral
for 0V (NIL lamp intensity)
(c)
Check between Blue phase contact of circuit being energised and neutral for
0V (NIL intensity)
(d)
Confirm test lamps working by applying Live phase-neutral
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NOTE
Stop switching if either contact (Yellow or Blue) indicates 240V (half-lamp intensity)
or more, as this probably means a phase-phase fault on the circuit being energised.
If the circuit being energised supplies three phase loads a slight glow may be noticed
from the test lamps. This may be due to a backfeed from the energised phase via the
customers meters or three phase loads.
Step 6
Insert second fuse (say yellow) in accordance with ACTION G
Step 7
(a)
Check between Yellow phase contact of circuit being energised and neutral
for 240V (half-light intensity)
(b)
Check between Blue phase contact of circuit being energised and neutral for
0V (NIL intensity)
(c)
Confirm test lamps working
Step 8
Insert third fuse (say blue) in accordance with ACTION G
Step 9
Check between BLUE phase contacts of circuit being energised and neutral for 240V
(half-light intensity)
Step 10
Check for the presence of three phase voltage across the phase contacts of the circuit
which has been energised for the presence of 415V (full-lamp intensity)
3 tests are required, namely,
RED - YELLOW, YELLOW - BLUE, BLUE - RED
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ACTION G - INSERTION AND WITHDRAWAL OF FUSES OR LINKS
1
GENERAL
Ensure assembly of correct tools/equipment and checking their safe condition has been carried out, in
accordance with ACTION E.
Ensure verification of voltage conditions is carried out, in accordance with ACTION F.
Assess risks and use appropriate PPE.
Do not remove or withdraw the neutral link.
Apply special precautions required when operating in underground Link Boxes, in accordance with
ACTION D.
2
INSERTION OF FUSES OR LINKS TO MAKE A SYSTEM PARALLEL OR TO
ENERGISE A CIRCUIT
2.1
Withdrawable Links and HRC/Rewirable Fuses in Insulated fuse-carriers
Step 1
Carry out assembly of correct tools/equipment and checking of their safe condition in
accordance with ACTION E.
Step 2
Carry out verification of voltage conditions in accordance with ACTION F.
Step 3
Fit detachable handle to link, or if appropriate, to insulated fuse-carrier.
Step 4
Wear Approved rubber gloves if handle is not fully insulated to ScottishPower
standards or if there is any risk of the operator of handle slipping.
Step 5
Check both fuse/link contacts will fit the fixed contacts of the pillar/link box.
Step 6
Insert the bottom contact of the fuse/link into the lower fixed contact of the pillar or
link box.
Step 7
Swivel the top contact of the fuse/link smartly into the upper fixed contact using the
already inserted lower contact as a pivot in a single, uninterrupted movement.
or
If the design of the pillar prevents the swivel action:
Step 6/7
Insert the fuse carrier/link into the pillar fixed contacts in a positive, uninterrupted,
horizontal motion so that the top and bottom contacts connect at the same time.
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Step 8
Hold the fuse carrier/link fully into the fixed contact jaws by applying hand pressure.
Step 9
Tighten the fuse carrier/link wedges or screws using other hand.
2.2
Hinged-type Links with Captive Lower End, Operated using link poles.
Step 1
Carry out assembly of correct tools/equipment and checking of their safe condition in
accordance with ACTION E.
Step 2
Carry out verification of voltage conditions with accordance ACTION F.
Step 3
Hold link pole at remote end to ensure maximum clearance, wearing Approved
rubber gloves, from Live conductors.
Step 4
Check link top and bottom tightening devices are fully slackened.
Step 5
Insert link pole into link top lobe.
Step 6
Close link smartly in a single uninterrupted movement.
Step 7
Tighten link top tightening device.
Step 8
Tighten link bottom tightening device.
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3
WITHDRAWAL OF FUSES OR LINKS
TO REMOVE SYSTEM PARALLEL OR DE-ENERGISE CIRCUIT
3.1
Withdrawable Links and HRC/Rewirable Fuses in Insulated Carriers
Step 1
Wear Approved rubber gloves if manufacturers special tool is to be used which may
not be fully insulated to ScottishPower standards, or if there is any risk of tool or
operator slipping.
Step 2
Fit detachable handle to link or, if appropriate, insulated fuse-carrier.
Step 3
Apply pressure to fuse carrier/link and slacken wedges or screws until loose, but not so
loose that insulated carrier might become separated from fuse.
Step 4
Grip fuse carrier or handle.
Step 5
Pull fuse carrier/link smartly out of fixed contact jaws in single uninterrupted
movement so that both top and bottom contacts are broken at the same time.
3.2
Hinged-type Links with Captive Lower End, Operated using link poles
Step 1
Hold Approved link pole at remote end to ensure maximum clearance from Live
conductors.
Step 2
Slacken link bottom tightening device, but not so loose that the link will become
dismantled.
Step 3
Slacken link top tightening device, but not so loose that the link will become
dismantled.
Step 4
Pull open link smartly by inserting Approved link pole in link top pin lobe.
4
REPLACEMENT OF 'SKELTAG' BOLT-ON FUSES
Step 1
Hold Approved link pole at remote end to ensure maximum clearance from Live
conductors.
Step 2
Insert link pole in hole at top of hinged link.
Step 3
Pull open link smartly in single uninterrupted movement.
Step 4
Remove fixing nuts using Approved insulated tee-bar and insulated socket.
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Step 5
Remove blown fuse wearing Approved rubber glove(s).
Step 6
Fit replacement fuse wearing Approved rubber glove(s).
Step 7
Tighten fixing nuts using Approved insulated tee-bar and insulated socket.
Step 8
Check voltage across the open link using Approved test lamps as per ACTION F.
Step 9
Close link smartly using Approved link pole in a single uninterrupted movement.
Step 10
Check voltage using Approved test lamps in accordance with ACTION F.
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ACTION H - VERIFICATION OF VOLTAGE CONDITIONS
AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF FUSES/LINKS
Step 1
Withdraw fuses or links in accordance with ACTION G.
Step 2
Check using test lamps whether voltage conditions are as expected namely
(a)
if LV parallel has been broken:-
Check for the presence of 415V (full-lamp intensity) on either side of the withdrawn
fuses/links, particularly to ensure customer supplies are maintained.
(b)
if circuit has been de-energised:-
Check using test lamps, which are proved before and after the check, that all three
phases are not Live. (Nil-Intensity)
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ACTION I - SECURING APPARATUS TO MAINTAIN SAFETY
1
GENERAL
When fuses/links are opened so that work can take place 'adequate precautions' must be taken to
ensure the apparatus does not become Live during the course of the work. This means the point(s) of
isolation must be secured in accordance with ScottishPower Safety Rules (E & M) 4th Edition before
the work starts.
2
WITHDRAWABLE LINKS AND FUSE-CARRIERS
Step 1
Withdraw fuses/links in accordance with ACTION G paragraph 3.1.
Step 2
Fit insulated shields to prevent re-insertion of fuses/links over cabinet/pillar or link
box fixed contacts.
Step 3
Apply Caution Notice as near to point(s) of isolation as practicable.
Step 4
Remove fuses/links from the area.
Step 5
Retain fuses/links in safe custody.
Step 6
Close and secure cabinet/pillar door or link box cover.
3
HINGED-TYPE LINKS WITH CAPTIVE LOWER END
Step 1
Open links using correct link-pole in accordance with ACTION G paragraph 3.2.
Step 2
Lock links open using Approved cover or locking bar, where provided.
or if this is not practicable
Step 2
Tighten the captive tightening device at the lower end of the opened link
and
either 2(a)
or
2(b)
Fit insulated shields over open contacts,
Fit Approved lanyard and Safety Padlock.
Step 3
Apply Caution Notice as near to point(s) of isolation as practicable.
Step 4
Close and secure cabinet/pillar door.
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ACTION J - REPORTING THAT SWITCHING HAS BEEN COMPLETED
Once Switching has been completed or if any difficulties are encountered which prevent the
Switching from being completed in the agreed manner:
Step 1
PSLWM 2.1
Confirm to the issuer of the instruction, unless instructed otherwise;(a)
Completion (or otherwise) of the Switching
(b)
Status of the System
(c)
Details of customers disconnected or restored.
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