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ch18 Student: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Multiple Choice Questions 1. A payment made out of a firm's earnings to its owners in the form of either cash or stock is called a: A. B. C. D. E. dividend. distribution. repurchase. payment-in-kind. stock split. 2. A payment made by a firm to its owners from sources other than current or accumulated retained earnings is called a: A. B. C. D. E. dividend. distribution. repurchase. payment-in-kind. stock split. 3. A cash payment generally paid quarterly by a firm to its owners in the normal course of business is called a: A. B. C. D. E. repurchase. liquidating dividend. regular cash dividend. special dividend. extra cash dividend. 4. The declaration date is the date on which the: A. B. C. D. E. holders of record are determined for a dividend payment. stock begins selling without entitlement to an upcoming dividend payment. board of directors passes a resolution to pay a dividend. dividend checks are mailed. bank trustee approves a dividend payment. 5. The ex-dividend date is defined as _____ business days before the date of record. A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 5 10 6. The date by which a shareholder must be recorded as the share owner in order to receive a declared dividend is called the: A. B. C. D. E. ex-rights date. ex-dividend date. date of record. date of payment. declaration date. 7. The date the dividend payments are mailed is called the: A. B. C. D. E. ex-rights date. ex-dividend date. date of record. date of payment. declaration date. 8. The ability of shareholders to undo a firm's dividend policy and create an alternative dividend policy by reinvesting dividends or selling shares of stock is called (a): A. B. C. D. E. perfect foresight model. personalization. capital structure irrelevancy. homemade leverage. homemade dividend policy. 9. The market's reaction to a change in a firm's dividend payout is referred to as the: A. B. C. D. E. information content effect. clientele effect. efficient markets hypothesis. distribution effect. dividend fallout. 10. The observable fact that stocks attract particular investors based dividend yield and the resulting tax effects is called the: A. B. C. D. E. information content effect. clientele effect. efficient markets hypothesis. distribution effect. market reaction. 11. A policy under which a firm pays dividends only after its capital investment needs are met while maintaining a constant debt/equity ratio is called a: A. B. C. D. homemade dividend policy. constant distribution approach. residual dividend approach. cash dividend policy. E. constant dividend growth model. 12. The target payout ratio is: A. B. C. D. E. a firm's preferred rate of dividend growth. the amount of dividend required to maintain a constant debt-equity ratio. the inverse of a firm's equity multiplier. the preferred number of dividend payments per year divided by 12. a firm's long-term desired dividend-to-earnings ratio. 13. A method used to distribute earnings to shareholders that offers preferential treatment over dividends is a: A. B. C. D. E. merger. tender offer. liquidation. rights offer. repurchase. 14. A payment made by a firm to its owners in the form of new shares is called a _____ dividend. A. B. C. D. E. stock normal special extra liquidating 15. An increase in the number of shares outstanding which does not affect owners' equity is called a: A. B. C. D. E. special dividend. stock split. share repurchase. tender offer. liquidating dividend. 16. The difference between the highest and lowest prices at which a stock has sold is called the stock's: A. B. C. D. E. average price. bid-ask spread. trading range. opening price. closing price. 17. A reverse stock split is defined as: A. B. C. D. E. an increase in the number of shares outstanding that does not affect owners' equity. a firm buying back existing shares of stock on the open market. a firm selling new shares of stock on the open market. a decrease in the number of shares outstanding that does not affect owner's equity. a decrease in both the number of shares outstanding and the price per share. 18. Which one of the following statements concerning cash dividends is correct? A. B. C. D. E. The chief financial officer of a corporation determines whether or not a dividend will be paid. A dividend is not a liability of a firm until it has been declared. If a firm has paid regular quarterly dividends in the past it is legally obligated to continue doing so. Cash dividends always reduce the paid-in capital account balance. The dividend yield expresses the dividend amount as a percentage of the net income. 19. The ex-dividend date is _____ business days before the date of record. A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 4 5 20. The last date on which you can purchase shares of stock and still receive the dividend is the date which is _____ business days prior to the date of record. A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 4 5 21. Leslie purchased 100 shares of GT, Inc. stock on Wednesday, July 7th. Marti purchased 100 shares of GT, Inc. stock on Thursday, July 8th. GT declared a dividend on June 20th to shareholders of record on July 12th and payable on August 1st. Which one of the following statements concerning the dividend paid on August 1st is correct given this information? A. B. C. D. E. Neither Leslie not Marti are entitled to the dividend. Leslie is entitled to the dividend but Marti is not. Marti is entitled to the dividend but Leslie is not. Both Marti and Leslie are entitled to the dividend. Both Marti and Leslie are entitled to one-half of the dividend amount. 22. All else equal, the market value of a stock will tend to decrease by roughly the amount of the dividend on the: A. B. C. D. E. 23. dividend declaration date. ex-dividend date. date of record. date of payment. day after the date of payment. Automatic dividend reinvestment plans: I. require that stockholders reinvest all of the dividends to which they are entitled. II. sometimes grant stockholders the privilege of purchasing additional shares at a discounted price. III. help stockholders create their own homemade dividend policies. IV. help make corporate dividend policies irrelevant to individual stockholders. A. B. C. D. E. II only III only II and II only II, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV 24. Which one of the following is an argument in favor of a low dividend policy? A. B. C. D. the tax on capital gains is deferred until the gain is realized few, if any, positive net present value projects are available to the firm a preponderance of stockholders have minimal taxable income a majority of stockholders have other investment opportunities that offer higher rewards with similar risk characteristics E. corporate tax rates exceed personal tax rates 25. The fact that flotation costs can be significant is justification for: A. a firm to issue larger dividends than their closest competitors. B. a firm to maintain a constant dividend policy even if they frequently have to issue new shares of stock to do so. C. maintaining a constant dividend policy even when profits decline significantly. D. maintaining a high dividend policy. E. maintaining a low dividend policy and rarely issuing extra dividends. 26. Which of the following tend to keep dividends low? I. state laws restricting dividends in excess of retained earnings II. terms contained in bond indenture agreements III. the desire to maintain constant dividends over time IV. flotation costs A. B. C. D. E. II and III only I and IV only II, III, and IV only I, II, and III only I, II, III, and IV 27. Ignoring capital gains as an alternative, the tax law changes in 2003 tend to favor a: A. B. C. D. E. 28. lower dividend policy. constant dividend policy. zero-dividend policy. higher dividend policy. restrictive dividend policy. Which of the following are factors that favor a high dividend policy? I. stockholders desire for current income II. tendency for higher stock prices for high dividend paying firms III. investor dislike of uncertainty IV. high percentage of tax-exempt institutional stockholders A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only I, III, and IV only II, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV 29. An investor is more likely to prefer a high dividend payout if a firm: A. B. C. D. E. has high flotation costs. has few, if any, positive net present value projects. has lower tax rates than the investor. has a stock price that is increasing rapidly. offers high capital gains which are taxed at a favorable rate. 30. The information content of a dividend increase generally signals that: A. B. C. D. E. the firm has a one-time surplus of cash. the firm has few, if any, net present value projects to pursue. management believes that the future earnings of the firm will be strong. the firm has more cash than it needs due to sales declines. future dividends will be lower. 31. The dividend market is in equilibrium when: A. B. C. D. E. all firms adopt a low dividend policy. half of the firms adopt a low dividend policy and half adopt a high dividend policy. all clienteles are satisfied. dividends remain constant and no special dividends are declared. the amount of the regular dividend is equal to the amount of the special dividend. 32. A firm which adopts a residual dividend policy: A. B. C. D. E. prefers to offer new securities for sale on a routine basis. prefers constant dividends to a constant debt-equity ratio. places a higher priority on funding its investment needs than on paying dividends. will pay regular cash dividends that are constant in amount. tends to also have a high dividend policy. 33. A strict residual dividend policy: A. B. C. D. E. tends to produce higher dividend payout ratios for high-growth firms versus low-growth firms. tends to produce steady, predictable dividend payments. is best suited to cyclical firms who prefer steady dividends. adds great uncertainty to the payment of future dividends. guarantees that a minimal amount will be paid as a dividend on a quarterly basis. 34. A compromise dividend policy advocates: A. B. C. D. E. rejecting positive net present value projects in order to maintain constant dividends. maintaining a target dividend payout ratio as the top priority. selling equity to maintain a high dividend policy. trying to avoid cutting back on either positive net present value projects or dividends. strict adherence to a constant short-run debt-equity ratio. 35. A compromise dividend policy can be viewed as a: A. B. C. D. E. set of long-term goals. strict set of short-term policies. set of rules that require increasing dividends in the short-run. set of inflexible rules that mandate a constant debt-equity ratio. guideline for the reduction of dividends over the long-term. 36. Which one of the following is considered to be the primary goal of a compromise dividend policy? A. B. C. D. E. avoid cutting back on positive net present value projects to pay a dividend maintain a constant debt-equity ratio avoid dividend increases maintain a target dividend payout ratio avoid the need to sell equity 37. Of the following factors, which one is considered to be the primary factor affecting a firm's dividend decision? A. B. C. D. E. personal taxes of company shareholders the avoidance of reducing dividends attracting retail investors attracting institutional investors sustainable changes in earnings 38. Financial managers: A. B. C. D. E. are reluctant to cut dividends. tend to ignore past dividend policies. tend to prefer cutting dividends every time quarterly earnings decline. prefer cutting dividends over incurring flotation costs. place little emphasis on dividend policy consistency. 39. A stock repurchase program: A. B. C. D. E. 40. requires all shareholders to sell a portion of their shares. is utilized only by firms that do not pay dividends. decreases both the number of shares outstanding and the market price per share. has no effect on a firm's financial statements. is essentially the same as a cash dividend program provided there are no taxes or other imperfections. Several possible justifications have been offered to support the value of a reverse stock split. Which two of the following justifications are the most compelling? I. reduce the number of shareholders such that the company can go dark by combining a reverse split with a repurchase II. increase the respectability of the stock III. avoid delisting IV. reduce transaction costs for shareholders A. B. C. D. E. I and II only I and III only II and III only II and IV only III and IV only 41. If you ignore taxes and transaction costs, a stock repurchase will: I. reduce the total assets of a firm. II. increase the earnings per share. III. reduce the PE ratio more so than an equivalent stock dividend. IV. reduce the total equity of a firm. A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only I, II, and IV only I, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV 42. From a tax-paying investor's point of view, a stock repurchase: A. B. C. D. E. is equivalent to a cash dividend. is more desirable than a cash dividend. has the same tax effects as a cash dividend. is more highly taxed than a cash dividend. creates a tax liability even if the shareholder does not participate in the repurchase. 43. Which of the following balance sheet accounts are affected by a small stock dividend? I. cash II. common stock III. retained earnings IV. capital in excess of par A. B. C. D. E. I and II only I and III only II and III only II, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV 44. A small stock dividend is defined as a stock dividend of less than _____ percent. A. B. C. D. E. 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 to 25 25 to 30 30 to 35 45. Which one of the following is a result of a small stock dividend? A. B. C. D. E. increase in retained earnings decrease in total owner's equity decrease in cash decrease in capital in excess of par increase in common stock 46. Which of the following account changes occur as a result of a large stock dividend? I. increase in common stock II. decrease in cash III. increase in capital in excess of par IV. decrease in retained earnings A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only I and IV only II and III only I, III, and IV only 47. New World is a technology firm with excellent growth prospects. The firm wishes to do something to acknowledge the loyalty of the shareholders but needs all of the available cash to fund the firm's rapid growth. The market price of the stock is currently trading in the middle of its preferred trading range. The firm could consider: A. B. C. D. E. issuing a liquidating dividend. a stock split. a reverse stock split. issuing a stock dividend. a special stock dividend. 48. Which of the following are valid reasons for a firm to reduce or eliminate its cash dividends? I. complying with bond covenants II. using the cash for a small stock dividend III. increasing flotation costs IV. changing tax laws which exempt capital gains from taxation A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only II, III, and IV only I, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV 49. A stock split: A. B. C. D. E. increases the total value of the common stock account. decreases the value of the retained earnings account. increases the par value per share. increases the value of the capital in excess of par account. decreases the market value per share. 50. Stock splits can be used to: A. B. C. D. E. adjust the market price of a stock such that it falls within a preferred trading range. decrease the excess cash held by a firm. increase both the number of shares outstanding and the market price per share. increase the total equity of a firm. adjust the debt-equity ratio. 51. Which one of the following is a direct result of a 2-for-1 stock split? A. B. C. D. E. a 100% increase in the number of shareholders a 100% increase in the amount of cash required to fund a dividend a 100% decrease in the stock price a 50% increase in the number of shares outstanding a 50% decrease in the par value per share 52. Martel stock is currently trading at $63 a share. The firm feels their primary clientele can afford to spend between $3,000 and $3,500 to purchase a round lot of 100 shares. The firm should consider a: A. B. C. D. E. reverse stock split. liquidating dividend. stock dividend. stock split. special dividend. 53. A one-for-five reverse stock split will: A. B. C. D. E. increase the par value by 20 percent. increase the number of shares outstanding by 500 percent. increase the market value but not affect the par value per share. increase a $1 par value to $5. increase a $1 par value by $5. 54. A firm wants to maintain a minimum stock price of $7 a share. Due to a recent market downturn, the stock is currently selling for $2 a share. The firm should consider a: A. B. C. D. E. 3-for-1 stock split. 4-for-1 stock split. 1-for-3 reverse stock split. 1-for-4 reverse stock split. 1-for-5 reverse stock split. 55. The Landfill Company declared a dividend of $.80 a share on October 15 to holders of record on Monday, November 1. The dividend is payable on December 15. George purchased 200 shares of Landfill Company stock on Friday, October 29. How much dividend income will George receive on December 15 from the Landfill Company? A. $0 B. $0.80 C. $1.60 D. $160.00 E. $320.00 56. You purchased 100 shares of Tech, Inc. stock on June 10. On June 15, you purchased another 200 shares and then on June 22 you purchased your final 300 shares of Tech, Inc. stock. The company declared a dividend of $1.35 a share on May 31 to holders of record on Friday, June 25. The dividend is payable on June 30. How much dividend income will you receive on June 30 from Tech, Inc.? A. B. C. D. E. $135 $405 $540 $675 $810 57. On July 14, you purchased 1,500 shares of Myron stock. On August 1, you sold 500 shares of this stock for $16 a share. You sold an additional 300 shares on August 18at a price of $18 a share. The company declared a $.75 per share dividend on August 3 to holders of record as of Wednesday, August 15. This dividend is payable on August 31. How much dividend income will you receive on August 31 as a result of your ownership of Myron stock? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $525 $750 $900 $1,125 58. The Sailors Co. is paying a $2.00 per share dividend today. There are 200,000 shares outstanding with market price of $32 per share. Before the dividend, the company had earnings per share of $2.50. As a result of this dividend, the: A. B. C. D. E. retained earnings will decrease by $200,000. retained earnings will increase by $320,000. total firm value will not change. earnings per share will increase to $3.00. price-earnings ratio will be 12. 59. You own 500 shares of Babcock, Inc. stock. The company has stated that it plans on issuing a dividend of $.30 a share at the end of this year and then issuing a final liquidating dividend of $3.30 a share at the end of next year. Your required rate of return is 10 percent. Ignoring taxes, what is the value of one share of this stock today? A. B. C. D. E. 60. $0.27 $1.73 $3.00 $3.27 $3.60 Stephanie owns 300 shares of Blasco stock. The company recently issued a statement that it will pay a dividend per share of $.80 this year and a $.40 per share dividend next year. Stephanie does not want any dividend this year but does want as much dividend income as possible next year. Her required return on this stock is 10 percent. Ignoring taxes, what will Stephanie's total homemade dividend be next year? A. B. C. D. E. $317.36 $327.27 $360.00 $384.00 $396.00 61. Jaguar, Inc. maintains a debt-equity ratio of .60 and follows a residual dividend policy. The company has aftertax earnings of $3,100 for the year and needs $3,000 for new investments. What is the total amount Jaguar will pay out in dividends for this year? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $1,125 $1,225 $1,875 $1,975 62. The Clothing Depot maintains a debt-equity ratio of .50 and follows a residual dividend policy. The firm needs $2,700 for new investments next year. The aftertax earnings this year are $1,700. What is the amount that the Clothing Depot will pay out in dividends for this year? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $100 $350 $650 $1,000 63. Benton Enterprises has planned investments of $2,250 for next year and an aftertax net income of $1,400 this year. The company has a residual dividend policy and maintains a debt-equity ratio of .80. How much new equity is required to fund the investments for next year? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $550 $990 $1,000 $1,250 64. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $800 and other assets of $4,200. Equity is worth $5,000. The firm has 200 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $350. What will the new earnings per share be if the firm uses all its excess cash to complete a stock repurchase? A. B. C. D. E. $1.51 $1.75 $1.96 $2.00 $2.08 65. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $1,360 and other assets of $6,640. Equity is worth $8,000. The firm has 500 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $600. The firm has decided to spend all of its excess cash on a share repurchase program. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the stock repurchase is completed? A. B. C. D. E. 382 shares 400 shares 415 shares 445 shares 575 shares 66. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $990 and other assets of $10,010. Equity is worth $11,000. The firm has 500 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $2,250. The firm is going to use all of its excess cash to repurchase shares of stock. What will the stock price per share be after the stock repurchase is completed? A. B. C. D. E. $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 67. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $2,000 and other assets of $13,000. Equity is worth $15,000. The firm has 1,000 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $2,500. By what percent does the stock price per share change if the firm pays out its excess cash as a cash dividend? A. 16.67 percent B. 13.33 percent C. 0.00 percent D. 13.33 percent E. 16.67 percent 68. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $300 and other assets of $8,700. Equity is worth $9,000. The firm has 375 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $800. The firm has decided to pay out all of its excess cash as a cash dividend. What will the earnings per share be after the dividend is paid? A. B. C. D. E. $1.09 $2.13 $2.67 $3.03 $3.91 69. Randall's, Inc. has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The market value is $12 per share. The balance sheet shows $42,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $20,000 in the common stock account and $50,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. What is the change in the balance in the capital in excess of par account after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $12,000 $0 $10,000 $11,000 $13,000 70. Randall's, Inc. has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The market value is $12 per share. The balance sheet shows $42,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $20,000 in the common stock account and $50,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. What will the balance in the retained earnings account be after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $38,500 $39,500 $50,500 $61,500 $62,500 71. Shirley's Restaurants has 35,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The market value is $9 per share. The balance sheet shows $112,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $35,000 in the common stock account and $68,000 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. What will total owners' equity be after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $165,000 $180,000 $215,000 $237,000 $250,000 72. Morgan's has 9,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $16 per share. The balance sheet shows $9,000 in the common stock account, $62,000 in the capital in excess of par account, and $40,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. What is the value of the capital in excess of par account after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $50,000 $62,000 $71,000 $90,000 $124,000 73. Kate's has 9,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $9 per share. The balance sheet shows $9,000 in the common stock account, $21,000 in the capital in excess of par account, and $40,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. By what amount will retained earnings change as a result of this dividend? A. $9,000 B. $8,000 C. $0 D. $8,000 E. $9,000 74. Morgan's has 9,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $9 per share. The balance sheet shows $9,000 in the common stock account, $21,000 in the capital in excess of par account, and $40,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. What is the value of the common stock account after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $9,000 $11,000 $13,500 $16,500 $18,000 75. Jenkin's has 11,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $21 per share. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. What is the market value per share after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $8.50 $9.00 $10.50 $16.00 $21.00 76. Ramon's has 21,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $27 a share. The firm just announced a 5-for-3 stock split. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 12,600 shares 21,000 shares 27,000 shares 35,000 shares 42,400 shares 77. Frederic's has 47,500 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $42 a share. The firm just announced a 3-for-2 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $21.00 $28.00 $42.00 $54.00 $63.00 78. Mario's has 18,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $33 a share. The firm just announced a 5-for-3 stock split. What will the par value of the stock be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.40 $0.60 $1.00 $1.30 $1.50 79. Mario's has 18,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $33 a share. The balance sheet shows $18,000 in the common stock account, $285,000 in the paid in surplus account, and $162,000 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5-for-3 stock split. What will the paid in surplus account value be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $255,000 $285,000 $303,500 $295,800 $315,000 80. Prezario's has 225,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The current market value of the firm is $1,690,000. The company just announced a 2-for-1 stock split. By how much does the common stock account balance change after the split? A. $5,000 B. $4,000 C. $0 D. $4,000 E. $5,000 81. The Peanut Shop has 5,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The current market value of the firm is $390,000. The company just announced a 3-for-1 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $13 $26 $42 $52 $78 82. Down River Express has 5,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The current market value of the firm is $390,000. The balance sheet shows a paid in surplus account value of $122,000 and retained earnings of $216,000. The company just announced a 2-for-1 stock split. What will the paid in surplus account balance be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 83. $61,000 $112,000 $122,000 $183,000 $244,000 Neptune, Inc. has 175,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $59 a share. The company has just announced a 3-for-2 stock split. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 87,500 shares 116,667 shares 262,500 shares 350,000 shares 437,500 shares 84. Jupiter, Inc. has 130,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $67 a share. The company has just announced a 4-for-1 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $16.75 $33.50 $44.67 $89.33 $100.50 85. The Mining Co. has 110,000 shares of stock outstanding. The current market value of the firm is $5.5 million. The company has retained earnings of $1.8 million, paid in surplus of $2.2 million, and a common stock account value of $.11 million. The company is planning a 5-for-1 stock split. What will the par value per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.15 $0.20 $1.00 $2.50 $5.00 86. The Mining Co. has 110,000 shares of stock outstanding. The current market value of the firm is $5.5 million. The company has retained earnings of $1.8 million, paid in surplus of $2.2 million, and a common stock account value of $.11 million. The company is planning a 5-for-1 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $10 $25 $50 $75 $125 87. The Mining Co. has 110,000 shares of stock outstanding. The current market value of the firm is $5.5 million. The company has retained earnings of $1.8 million, paid in surplus of $2.2 million, and a common stock account value of $.11 million. The company is planning a 5-for-1 stock split. What will the retained earnings account value be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.36 million $0.45 million $1.8 million $7.2 million $9.0 million 88. The common stock of Checkers, Inc. is selling for $40 a share. The par value per share is $1. Currently, the firm has a total market value of $78,600. How many shares of stock will be outstanding if the firm does a 5-for-3 stock split? A. B. C. D. E. 1,179 shares 1,965 shares 2,555 shares 3,275 shares 5,895 shares 89. The common stock of Gleason, Inc. is selling for $55 a share. The par value per share is $1. Currently, the firm has a total market value of $195,250. How many shares of stock will be outstanding if the firm does a 5-for-2 stock split? A. B. C. D. E. 1,420 shares 3,550 shares 5,325 shares 7,100 shares 8,875 shares 90. Smith Cleaning Services has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $8 a share. What will the market price per share be if the company does a 1-for-3 reverse stock split? A. B. C. D. E. $2.67 $4.00 $12.00 $18.33 $24.00 91. Ryan's Auto Parts has 200,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $10 a share. The company has retained earnings of $86,000 and paid in surplus of $285,000. The company just announced a 2-for-5 reverse stock split. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 40,000 shares 80,000 shares 250,000 shares 380,000 shares 500,000 shares 92. Ryan's Auto Parts has 200,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $10 a share. The company has retained earnings of $86,000 and paid in surplus of $285,000. The company just announced a 2-for-5 reverse stock split. What will the par value per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.20 $0.40 $1.00 $2.50 $5.00 93. Pop's Market has 12,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $8 a share. The company just announced a 3-for-7 reverse stock split. What will the market value per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $3.43 $5.00 $6.14 $12.87 $18.67 Essay Questions 94. Identify the key goals of a compromise dividend policy. Then explain which two of the goals are waived over the short-run and explain why. Avoid cutting back on positive NPV projects to pay a dividend Avoid cutting dividends Avoid the need to sell new equity Maintain a target debt/equity ratio Maintain a target dividend payout ratio 95. Explain the meaning of the dividend clientele effect and why it is important. 96. Positive NPV projects enhance shareholder wealth. However, in some cases the payment of dividends limit the number of positive NPV projects a firm can accept. Why, then, shouldn't shareholders prefer a residual dividend policy? 97. Identify some real-world factors which might make it more difficult for an individual to effectively create a homemade dividend policy. 98. Explain how dividends affect individual shareholders differently than an equal amount of funds spent on a repurchase. ch18 KEY Multiple Choice Questions 1. A payment made out of a firm's earnings to its owners in the form of either cash or stock is called a: A. B. C. D. E. dividend. distribution. repurchase. payment-in-kind. stock split. Ross - Chapter 018 #1 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DIVIDEND TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2. A payment made by a firm to its owners from sources other than current or accumulated retained earnings is called a: A. B. C. D. E. dividend. distribution. repurchase. payment-in-kind. stock split. Ross - Chapter 018 #2 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DISTRIBUTION TYPE: DEFINITIONS 3. A cash payment generally paid quarterly by a firm to its owners in the normal course of business is called a: A. B. C. D. E. repurchase. liquidating dividend. regular cash dividend. special dividend. extra cash dividend. Ross - Chapter 018 #3 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: REGULAR CASH DIVIDEND TYPE: DEFINITIONS 4. The declaration date is the date on which the: A. B. C. D. E. holders of record are determined for a dividend payment. stock begins selling without entitlement to an upcoming dividend payment. board of directors passes a resolution to pay a dividend. dividend checks are mailed. bank trustee approves a dividend payment. Ross - Chapter 018 #4 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DECLARATION DATE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 5. The ex-dividend date is defined as _____ business days before the date of record. A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 5 10 Ross - Chapter 018 #5 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: EX-DIVIDEND DATE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 6. The date by which a shareholder must be recorded as the share owner in order to receive a declared dividend is called the: A. B. C. D. E. ex-rights date. ex-dividend date. date of record. date of payment. declaration date. Ross - Chapter 018 #6 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DATE OF RECORD TYPE: DEFINITIONS 7. The date the dividend payments are mailed is called the: A. B. C. D. E. ex-rights date. ex-dividend date. date of record. date of payment. declaration date. Ross - Chapter 018 #7 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DATE OF PAYMENT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 8. The ability of shareholders to undo a firm's dividend policy and create an alternative dividend policy by reinvesting dividends or selling shares of stock is called (a): A. B. C. D. E. perfect foresight model. personalization. capital structure irrelevancy. homemade leverage. homemade dividend policy. Ross - Chapter 018 #8 SECTION: 18.2 TOPIC: HOMEMADE DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: DEFINITIONS 9. The market's reaction to a change in a firm's dividend payout is referred to as the: A. B. C. D. E. information content effect. clientele effect. efficient markets hypothesis. distribution effect. dividend fallout. Ross - Chapter 018 #9 SECTION: 18.5 TOPIC: INFORMATION CONTENT EFFECT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 10. The observable fact that stocks attract particular investors based dividend yield and the resulting tax effects is called the: A. B. C. D. E. information content effect. clientele effect. efficient markets hypothesis. distribution effect. market reaction. Ross - Chapter 018 #10 SECTION: 18.5 TOPIC: CLIENTELE EFFECT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 11. A policy under which a firm pays dividends only after its capital investment needs are met while maintaining a constant debt/equity ratio is called a: A. B. C. D. E. homemade dividend policy. constant distribution approach. residual dividend approach. cash dividend policy. constant dividend growth model. Ross - Chapter 018 #11 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDEND APPROACH TYPE: DEFINITIONS 12. The target payout ratio is: A. B. C. D. E. a firm's preferred rate of dividend growth. the amount of dividend required to maintain a constant debt-equity ratio. the inverse of a firm's equity multiplier. the preferred number of dividend payments per year divided by 12. a firm's long-term desired dividend-to-earnings ratio. Ross - Chapter 018 #12 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: TARGET PAYOUT RATIO TYPE: DEFINITIONS 13. A method used to distribute earnings to shareholders that offers preferential treatment over dividends is a: A. merger. B. tender offer. C. liquidation. D. rights offer. E. repurchase. Ross - Chapter 018 #13 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: REPURCHASE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 14. A payment made by a firm to its owners in the form of new shares is called a _____ dividend. A. B. C. D. E. stock normal special extra liquidating Ross - Chapter 018 #14 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: DEFINITIONS 15. An increase in the number of shares outstanding which does not affect owners' equity is called a: A. B. C. D. E. special dividend. stock split. share repurchase. tender offer. liquidating dividend. Ross - Chapter 018 #15 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 16. The difference between the highest and lowest prices at which a stock has sold is called the stock's: A. B. C. D. E. average price. bid-ask spread. trading range. opening price. closing price. Ross - Chapter 018 #16 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: TRADING RANGE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 17. A reverse stock split is defined as: A. B. C. D. E. an increase in the number of shares outstanding that does not affect owners' equity. a firm buying back existing shares of stock on the open market. a firm selling new shares of stock on the open market. a decrease in the number of shares outstanding that does not affect owner's equity. a decrease in both the number of shares outstanding and the price per share. Ross - Chapter 018 #17 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE SPLIT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 18. Which one of the following statements concerning cash dividends is correct? A. B. C. D. E. The chief financial officer of a corporation determines whether or not a dividend will be paid. A dividend is not a liability of a firm until it has been declared. If a firm has paid regular quarterly dividends in the past it is legally obligated to continue doing so. Cash dividends always reduce the paid-in capital account balance. The dividend yield expresses the dividend amount as a percentage of the net income. Ross - Chapter 018 #18 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: CASH DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 19. The ex-dividend date is _____ business days before the date of record. A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 4 5 Ross - Chapter 018 #19 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DIVIDEND PAYMENTS TYPE: CONCEPTS 20. The last date on which you can purchase shares of stock and still receive the dividend is the date which is _____ business days prior to the date of record. A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 4 5 Ross - Chapter 018 #20 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DIVIDEND PAYMENTS TYPE: CONCEPTS 21. Leslie purchased 100 shares of GT, Inc. stock on Wednesday, July 7th. Marti purchased 100 shares of GT, Inc. stock on Thursday, July 8th. GT declared a dividend on June 20th to shareholders of record on July 12th and payable on August 1st. Which one of the following statements concerning the dividend paid on August 1st is correct given this information? A. B. C. D. E. Neither Leslie not Marti are entitled to the dividend. Leslie is entitled to the dividend but Marti is not. Marti is entitled to the dividend but Leslie is not. Both Marti and Leslie are entitled to the dividend. Both Marti and Leslie are entitled to one-half of the dividend amount. Ross - Chapter 018 #21 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DIVIDEND PAYMENTS TYPE: CONCEPTS 22. All else equal, the market value of a stock will tend to decrease by roughly the amount of the dividend on the: A. B. C. D. E. dividend declaration date. ex-dividend date. date of record. date of payment. day after the date of payment. Ross - Chapter 018 #22 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: DIVIDEND PAYMENTS TYPE: CONCEPTS 23. Automatic dividend reinvestment plans: I. require that stockholders reinvest all of the dividends to which they are entitled. II. sometimes grant stockholders the privilege of purchasing additional shares at a discounted price. III. help stockholders create their own homemade dividend policies. IV. help make corporate dividend policies irrelevant to individual stockholders. A. B. C. D. E. II only III only II and II only II, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV Ross - Chapter 018 #23 SECTION: 18.2 TOPIC: DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: CONCEPTS 24. Which one of the following is an argument in favor of a low dividend policy? the tax on capital gains is deferred until the gain is realized few, if any, positive net present value projects are available to the firm a preponderance of stockholders have minimal taxable income a majority of stockholders have other investment opportunities that offer higher rewards with similar risk characteristics E. corporate tax rates exceed personal tax rates A. B. C. D. Ross - Chapter 018 #24 SECTION: 18.3 TOPIC: FACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 25. The fact that flotation costs can be significant is justification for: A. a firm to issue larger dividends than their closest competitors. B. a firm to maintain a constant dividend policy even if they frequently have to issue new shares of stock to do so. C. maintaining a constant dividend policy even when profits decline significantly. D. maintaining a high dividend policy. E. maintaining a low dividend policy and rarely issuing extra dividends. Ross - Chapter 018 #25 SECTION: 18.3 TOPIC: FACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 26. Which of the following tend to keep dividends low? I. state laws restricting dividends in excess of retained earnings II. terms contained in bond indenture agreements III. the desire to maintain constant dividends over time IV. flotation costs A. B. C. D. E. II and III only I and IV only II, III, and IV only I, II, and III only I, II, III, and IV Ross - Chapter 018 #26 SECTION: 18.3 TOPIC: FACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 27. Ignoring capital gains as an alternative, the tax law changes in 2003 tend to favor a: A. B. C. D. E. lower dividend policy. constant dividend policy. zero-dividend policy. higher dividend policy. restrictive dividend policy. Ross - Chapter 018 #27 SECTION: 18.4 TOPIC: FACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 28. Which of the following are factors that favor a high dividend policy? I. stockholders desire for current income II. tendency for higher stock prices for high dividend paying firms III. investor dislike of uncertainty IV. high percentage of tax-exempt institutional stockholders A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only I, III, and IV only II, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV Ross - Chapter 018 #28 SECTION: 18.4 TOPIC: FACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 29. An investor is more likely to prefer a high dividend payout if a firm: A. has high flotation costs. B. has few, if any, positive net present value projects. C. has lower tax rates than the investor. D. has a stock price that is increasing rapidly. E. offers high capital gains which are taxed at a favorable rate. Ross - Chapter 018 #29 SECTION: 18.4 TOPIC: FACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 30. The information content of a dividend increase generally signals that: A. B. C. D. E. the firm has a one-time surplus of cash. the firm has few, if any, net present value projects to pursue. management believes that the future earnings of the firm will be strong. the firm has more cash than it needs due to sales declines. future dividends will be lower. Ross - Chapter 018 #30 SECTION: 18.5 TOPIC: INFORMATION CONTENT TYPE: CONCEPTS 31. The dividend market is in equilibrium when: A. B. C. D. E. all firms adopt a low dividend policy. half of the firms adopt a low dividend policy and half adopt a high dividend policy. all clienteles are satisfied. dividends remain constant and no special dividends are declared. the amount of the regular dividend is equal to the amount of the special dividend. Ross - Chapter 018 #31 SECTION: 18.5 TOPIC: CLIENTELE EFFECT TYPE: CONCEPTS 32. A firm which adopts a residual dividend policy: A. B. C. D. E. prefers to offer new securities for sale on a routine basis. prefers constant dividends to a constant debt-equity ratio. places a higher priority on funding its investment needs than on paying dividends. will pay regular cash dividends that are constant in amount. tends to also have a high dividend policy. Ross - Chapter 018 #32 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: CONCEPTS 33. A strict residual dividend policy: A. B. C. D. E. tends to produce higher dividend payout ratios for high-growth firms versus low-growth firms. tends to produce steady, predictable dividend payments. is best suited to cyclical firms who prefer steady dividends. adds great uncertainty to the payment of future dividends. guarantees that a minimal amount will be paid as a dividend on a quarterly basis. Ross - Chapter 018 #33 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: CONCEPTS 34. A compromise dividend policy advocates: A. B. C. D. E. rejecting positive net present value projects in order to maintain constant dividends. maintaining a target dividend payout ratio as the top priority. selling equity to maintain a high dividend policy. trying to avoid cutting back on either positive net present value projects or dividends. strict adherence to a constant short-run debt-equity ratio. Ross - Chapter 018 #34 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: CONCEPTS 35. A compromise dividend policy can be viewed as a: A. B. C. D. E. set of long-term goals. strict set of short-term policies. set of rules that require increasing dividends in the short-run. set of inflexible rules that mandate a constant debt-equity ratio. guideline for the reduction of dividends over the long-term. Ross - Chapter 018 #35 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: CONCEPTS 36. Which one of the following is considered to be the primary goal of a compromise dividend policy? A. B. C. D. E. avoid cutting back on positive net present value projects to pay a dividend maintain a constant debt-equity ratio avoid dividend increases maintain a target dividend payout ratio avoid the need to sell equity Ross - Chapter 018 #36 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICY TYPE: CONCEPTS 37. Of the following factors, which one is considered to be the primary factor affecting a firm's dividend decision? A. B. C. D. E. personal taxes of company shareholders the avoidance of reducing dividends attracting retail investors attracting institutional investors sustainable changes in earnings Ross - Chapter 018 #37 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: DIVIDEND SURVEY RESULTS TYPE: CONCEPTS 38. Financial managers: A. are reluctant to cut dividends. B. C. D. E. tend to ignore past dividend policies. tend to prefer cutting dividends every time quarterly earnings decline. prefer cutting dividends over incurring flotation costs. place little emphasis on dividend policy consistency. Ross - Chapter 018 #38 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: DIVIDEND SURVEY RESULTS TYPE: CONCEPTS 39. A stock repurchase program: A. B. C. D. E. requires all shareholders to sell a portion of their shares. is utilized only by firms that do not pay dividends. decreases both the number of shares outstanding and the market price per share. has no effect on a firm's financial statements. is essentially the same as a cash dividend program provided there are no taxes or other imperfections. Ross - Chapter 018 #39 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TYPE: CONCEPTS 40. Several possible justifications have been offered to support the value of a reverse stock split. Which two of the following justifications are the most compelling? I. reduce the number of shareholders such that the company can go dark by combining a reverse split with a repurchase II. increase the respectability of the stock III. avoid delisting IV. reduce transaction costs for shareholders A. B. C. D. E. I and II only I and III only II and III only II and IV only III and IV only Ross - Chapter 018 #40 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLIT TYPE: CONCEPTS 41. If you ignore taxes and transaction costs, a stock repurchase will: I. reduce the total assets of a firm. II. increase the earnings per share. III. reduce the PE ratio more so than an equivalent stock dividend. IV. reduce the total equity of a firm. A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only I, II, and IV only I, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV Ross - Chapter 018 #41 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TYPE: CONCEPTS 42. From a tax-paying investor's point of view, a stock repurchase: A. B. C. D. E. is equivalent to a cash dividend. is more desirable than a cash dividend. has the same tax effects as a cash dividend. is more highly taxed than a cash dividend. creates a tax liability even if the shareholder does not participate in the repurchase. Ross - Chapter 018 #42 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TYPE: CONCEPTS 43. Which of the following balance sheet accounts are affected by a small stock dividend? I. cash II. common stock III. retained earnings IV. capital in excess of par A. B. C. D. E. I and II only I and III only II and III only II, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV Ross - Chapter 018 #43 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: SMALL STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: CONCEPTS 44. A small stock dividend is defined as a stock dividend of less than _____ percent. A. B. C. D. E. 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 to 25 25 to 30 30 to 35 Ross - Chapter 018 #44 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: SMALL STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: CONCEPTS 45. Which one of the following is a result of a small stock dividend? A. B. C. D. E. increase in retained earnings decrease in total owner's equity decrease in cash decrease in capital in excess of par increase in common stock Ross - Chapter 018 #45 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 46. Which of the following account changes occur as a result of a large stock dividend? I. increase in common stock II. decrease in cash III. increase in capital in excess of par IV. decrease in retained earnings A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only I and IV only II and III only I, III, and IV only Ross - Chapter 018 #46 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 47. New World is a technology firm with excellent growth prospects. The firm wishes to do something to acknowledge the loyalty of the shareholders but needs all of the available cash to fund the firm's rapid growth. The market price of the stock is currently trading in the middle of its preferred trading range. The firm could consider: A. B. C. D. E. issuing a liquidating dividend. a stock split. a reverse stock split. issuing a stock dividend. a special stock dividend. Ross - Chapter 018 #47 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: CONCEPTS 48. Which of the following are valid reasons for a firm to reduce or eliminate its cash dividends? I. complying with bond covenants II. using the cash for a small stock dividend III. increasing flotation costs IV. changing tax laws which exempt capital gains from taxation A. B. C. D. E. I and III only II and IV only II, III, and IV only I, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV Ross - Chapter 018 #48 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDENDS TYPE: CONCEPTS 49. A stock split: A. increases the total value of the common stock account. B. decreases the value of the retained earnings account. C. increases the par value per share. D. increases the value of the capital in excess of par account. E. decreases the market value per share. Ross - Chapter 018 #49 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLITS TYPE: CONCEPTS 50. Stock splits can be used to: A. B. C. D. E. adjust the market price of a stock such that it falls within a preferred trading range. decrease the excess cash held by a firm. increase both the number of shares outstanding and the market price per share. increase the total equity of a firm. adjust the debt-equity ratio. Ross - Chapter 018 #50 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLITS TYPE: CONCEPTS 51. Which one of the following is a direct result of a 2-for-1 stock split? A. B. C. D. E. a 100% increase in the number of shareholders a 100% increase in the amount of cash required to fund a dividend a 100% decrease in the stock price a 50% increase in the number of shares outstanding a 50% decrease in the par value per share Ross - Chapter 018 #51 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: CONCEPTS 52. Martel stock is currently trading at $63 a share. The firm feels their primary clientele can afford to spend between $3,000 and $3,500 to purchase a round lot of 100 shares. The firm should consider a: A. B. C. D. E. reverse stock split. liquidating dividend. stock dividend. stock split. special dividend. Ross - Chapter 018 #52 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: CONCEPTS 53. A one-for-five reverse stock split will: A. B. C. D. E. increase the par value by 20 percent. increase the number of shares outstanding by 500 percent. increase the market value but not affect the par value per share. increase a $1 par value to $5. increase a $1 par value by $5. Ross - Chapter 018 #53 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLITS TYPE: CONCEPTS 54. A firm wants to maintain a minimum stock price of $7 a share. Due to a recent market downturn, the stock is currently selling for $2 a share. The firm should consider a: A. B. C. D. E. 3-for-1 stock split. 4-for-1 stock split. 1-for-3 reverse stock split. 1-for-4 reverse stock split. 1-for-5 reverse stock split. Ross - Chapter 018 #54 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLITS TYPE: CONCEPTS 55. The Landfill Company declared a dividend of $.80 a share on October 15 to holders of record on Monday, November 1. The dividend is payable on December 15. George purchased 200 shares of Landfill Company stock on Friday, October 29. How much dividend income will George receive on December 15 from the Landfill Company? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $0.80 $1.60 $160.00 $320.00 George will not receive any dividend income because he purchased the shares after the ex-dividend date. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #55 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 56. You purchased 100 shares of Tech, Inc. stock on June 10. On June 15, you purchased another 200 shares and then on June 22 you purchased your final 300 shares of Tech, Inc. stock. The company declared a dividend of $1.35 a share on May 31 to holders of record on Friday, June 25. The dividend is payable on June 30. How much dividend income will you receive on June 30 from Tech, Inc.? A. B. C. D. E. $135 $405 $540 $675 $810 Dividend received = $1.35 (100 + 200 + 300) = $810 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #56 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 57. On July 14, you purchased 1,500 shares of Myron stock. On August 1, you sold 500 shares of this stock for $16 a share. You sold an additional 300 shares on August 18at a price of $18 a share. The company declared a $.75 per share dividend on August 3 to holders of record as of Wednesday, August 15. This dividend is payable on August 31. How much dividend income will you receive on August 31 as a result of your ownership of Myron stock? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $525 $750 $900 $1,125 Dividend received = $.75 (1,500 500) = $750 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #57 SECTION: 18.1 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 58. The Sailors Co. is paying a $2.00 per share dividend today. There are 200,000 shares outstanding with market price of $32 per share. Before the dividend, the company had earnings per share of $2.50. As a result of this dividend, the: A. B. C. D. E. retained earnings will decrease by $200,000. retained earnings will increase by $320,000. total firm value will not change. earnings per share will increase to $3.00. price-earnings ratio will be 12. Price-earnings ratio after the dividend = ($32 $2) / $2.50 = 12 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #58 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 59. You own 500 shares of Babcock, Inc. stock. The company has stated that it plans on issuing a dividend of $.30 a share at the end of this year and then issuing a final liquidating dividend of $3.30 a share at the end of next year. Your required rate of return is 10 percent. Ignoring taxes, what is the value of one share of this stock today? A. B. C. D. E. $0.27 $1.73 $3.00 $3.27 $3.60 1 2 Value per share = ($.30 / 1.10 ) + ($3.30 / 1.10 ) = $3.00 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #59 SECTION: 18.2 TYPE: PROBLEMS 60. Stephanie owns 300 shares of Blasco stock. The company recently issued a statement that it will pay a dividend per share of $.80 this year and a $.40 per share dividend next year. Stephanie does not want any dividend this year but does want as much dividend income as possible next year. Her required return on this stock is 10 percent. Ignoring taxes, what will Stephanie's total homemade dividend be next year? A. B. C. D. E. $317.36 $327.27 $360.00 $384.00 $396.00 Homemade dividend income for next year = [($.80 1.10) + $.40] 300 = $384 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #60 SECTION: 18.2 TOPIC: HOMEMADE DIVIDENDS TYPE: PROBLEMS 61. Jaguar, Inc. maintains a debt-equity ratio of .60 and follows a residual dividend policy. The company has aftertax earnings of $3,100 for the year and needs $3,000 for new investments. What is the total amount Jaguar will pay out in dividends for this year? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $1,125 $1,225 $1,875 $1,975 Equity needed for new investment = (1.00 / 1.60) $1,225 $3,000 = $1,875; Dividend = $3,100 $1,875 = AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #61 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDENDS TYPE: PROBLEMS 62. The Clothing Depot maintains a debt-equity ratio of .50 and follows a residual dividend policy. The firm needs $2,700 for new investments next year. The aftertax earnings this year are $1,700. What is the amount that the Clothing Depot will pay out in dividends for this year? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $100 $350 $650 $1,000 Equity needed for new investment = (1.00 / 1.50) $2,700 = $1,800; The equity needed exceeds the earnings of $1,700. Thus, there are no residual earnings and therefore no dividends will be paid. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #62 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDENDS TYPE: PROBLEMS 63. Benton Enterprises has planned investments of $2,250 for next year and an aftertax net income of $1,400 this year. The company has a residual dividend policy and maintains a debt-equity ratio of .80. How much new equity is required to fund the investments for next year? A. B. C. D. E. $0 $550 $990 $1,000 $1,250 New equity required = (1 / 1.8) $2,250 = $1,250 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #63 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDENDS TYPE: PROBLEMS 64. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $800 and other assets of $4,200. Equity is worth $5,000. The firm has 200 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $350. What will the new earnings per share be if the firm uses all its excess cash to complete a stock repurchase? A. B. C. D. E. $1.51 $1.75 $1.96 $2.00 $2.08 Price per share = $5,000 / 200 = $25; Number of shares repurchased = $800 / $25 = 32 shares; New EPS = $350 / (200 32) = $2.08 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #64 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TYPE: PROBLEMS 65. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $1,360 and other assets of $6,640. Equity is worth $8,000. The firm has 500 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $600. The firm has decided to spend all of its excess cash on a share repurchase program. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the stock repurchase is completed? A. B. C. D. E. 382 shares 400 shares 415 shares 445 shares 575 shares Price per share = $8,000 / 500 = $16; Number of shares repurchased = $1,360 / $16 = 85; New number of shares outstanding = 500 85 = 415 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #65 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TYPE: PROBLEMS 66. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $990 and other assets of $10,010. Equity is worth $11,000. The firm has 500 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $2,250. The firm is going to use all of its excess cash to repurchase shares of stock. What will the stock price per share be after the stock repurchase is completed? A. B. C. D. E. $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 Current price per share = $11,000 / 500 = $22; Number of shares repurchased = $990 / $22 = 45; New number of shares outstanding = 500 45 = 455; New equity = $11,000 $990 = $10,010; New price per share = $10,010 / 455 = $22 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #66 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TYPE: PROBLEMS 67. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $2,000 and other assets of $13,000. Equity is worth $15,000. The firm has 1,000 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $2,500. By what percent does the stock price per share change if the firm pays out its excess cash as a cash dividend? A. 16.67 percent B. 13.33 percent C. 0.00 percent D. 13.33 percent E. 16.67 percent Price per share before cash dividend = $15,000 / 1,000 = $15; Price per share after cash dividend = ($15,000 $2,000) / 1,000 = $13; Percentage change in price = ($13 $15) / $15 = .1333 = 13.33 percent AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #67 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: CASH DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 68. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $300 and other assets of $8,700. Equity is worth $9,000. The firm has 375 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $800. The firm has decided to pay out all of its excess cash as a cash dividend. What will the earnings per share be after the dividend is paid? A. B. C. D. E. $1.09 $2.13 $2.67 $3.03 $3.91 Earnings per share = $800 / 375 = $2.13 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #68 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: CASH DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 69. Randall's, Inc. has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The market value is $12 per share. The balance sheet shows $42,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $20,000 in the common stock account and $50,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. What is the change in the balance in the capital in excess of par account after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $12,000 $0 $10,000 $11,000 $13,000 Change in capital in excess of par = (20,000 shares .05) ($12 $1) = $11,000 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #69 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: SMALL STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 70. Randall's, Inc. has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The market value is $12 per share. The balance sheet shows $42,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $20,000 in the common stock account and $50,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. What will the balance in the retained earnings account be after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $38,500 $39,500 $50,500 $61,500 $62,500 Retained earnings = [(20,000 shares .05) $12 1] + $50,500 = $38,500 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #70 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: SMALL STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 71. Shirley's Restaurants has 35,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The market value is $9 per share. The balance sheet shows $112,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $35,000 in the common stock account and $68,000 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. What will total owners' equity be after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $165,000 $180,000 $215,000 $237,000 $250,000 Total owners' equity = $35,000 + $112,000 + $68,000 = $215,000; Note that the total value of equity does not change. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #71 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: SMALL STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 72. Morgan's has 9,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $16 per share. The balance sheet shows $9,000 in the common stock account, $62,000 in the capital in excess of par account, and $40,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. What is the value of the capital in excess of par account after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $50,000 $62,000 $71,000 $90,000 $124,000 The capital in excess of par account does not change with a large stock dividend. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #72 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: LARGE STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 73. Kate's has 9,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $9 per share. The balance sheet shows $9,000 in the common stock account, $21,000 in the capital in excess of par account, and $40,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. By what amount will retained earnings change as a result of this dividend? A. $9,000 B. $8,000 C. $0 D. $8,000 E. $9,000 Retained earnings = [(9,000 shares 1.0) $1 1] = $9,000 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #73 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: LARGE STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 74. Morgan's has 9,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $9 per share. The balance sheet shows $9,000 in the common stock account, $21,000 in the capital in excess of par account, and $40,500 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. What is the value of the common stock account after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $9,000 $11,000 $13,500 $16,500 $18,000 Common stock = [(9,000 shares 1.0) $1] + $9,000 = $18,000 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #74 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: LARGE STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 75. Jenkin's has 11,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market value of $21 per share. The firm just announced a 100 percent (large) stock dividend. What is the market value per share after the dividend? A. B. C. D. E. $8.50 $9.00 $10.50 $16.00 $21.00 Market value per share = $21 / 2 = $10.50 Note that the total market value of the firm does not change. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #75 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: LARGE STOCK DIVIDEND TYPE: PROBLEMS 76. Ramon's has 21,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $27 a share. The firm just announced a 5-for-3 stock split. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 12,600 shares 21,000 shares 27,000 shares 35,000 shares 42,400 shares Number of shares = 21,000 5 / 3 = 35,000 shares AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #76 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 77. Frederic's has 47,500 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $42 a share. The firm just announced a 3-for-2 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $21.00 $28.00 $42.00 $54.00 $63.00 Market price per share = $42 2 / 3 = $28 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #77 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 78. Mario's has 18,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $33 a share. The firm just announced a 5-for-3 stock split. What will the par value of the stock be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.40 $0.60 $1.00 $1.30 $1.50 Par value = $1 (3 / 5) = $.60 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #78 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 79. Mario's has 18,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share and a market price of $33 a share. The balance sheet shows $18,000 in the common stock account, $285,000 in the paid in surplus account, and $162,000 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 5-for-3 stock split. What will the paid in surplus account value be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $255,000 $285,000 $303,500 $295,800 $315,000 A stock split does not change the total value of the paid in surplus account. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #79 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 80. Prezario's has 225,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The current market value of the firm is $1,690,000. The company just announced a 2-for-1 stock split. By how much does the common stock account balance change after the split? A. $5,000 B. $4,000 C. $0 D. $4,000 E. $5,000 Common stock account value before the stock split = 225,000 value after the stock split = $450,000 the common stock account. $1 = $225,000; Common stock account $.50 = $225,000; A stock split does not change the total value of AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #80 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 81. The Peanut Shop has 5,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The current market value of the firm is $390,000. The company just announced a 3-for-1 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $13 $26 $42 $52 $78 Market price per share = ($390,000 / 5,000) 1 / 3 = $26 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #81 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 82. Down River Express has 5,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. The current market value of the firm is $390,000. The balance sheet shows a paid in surplus account value of $122,000 and retained earnings of $216,000. The company just announced a 2-for-1 stock split. What will the paid in surplus account balance be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $61,000 $112,000 $122,000 $183,000 $244,000 A stock split does not change the total value of the paid in surplus account. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #82 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 83. Neptune, Inc. has 175,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $59 a share. The company has just announced a 3-for-2 stock split. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 87,500 shares 116,667 shares 262,500 shares 350,000 shares 437,500 shares Number of shares = 175,000 3 / 2 = 262,500 shares AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #83 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 84. Jupiter, Inc. has 130,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $67 a share. The company has just announced a 4-for-1 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $16.75 $33.50 $44.67 $89.33 $100.50 Market price per share = $67 1 / 4 = $16.75 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #84 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 85. The Mining Co. has 110,000 shares of stock outstanding. The current market value of the firm is $5.5 million. The company has retained earnings of $1.8 million, paid in surplus of $2.2 million, and a common stock account value of $.11 million. The company is planning a 5-for-1 stock split. What will the par value per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.15 $0.20 $1.00 $2.50 $5.00 Par value per share = ($.11m / 110,000 shares) 1 / 5 = $.20 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #85 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 86. The Mining Co. has 110,000 shares of stock outstanding. The current market value of the firm is $5.5 million. The company has retained earnings of $1.8 million, paid in surplus of $2.2 million, and a common stock account value of $.11 million. The company is planning a 5-for-1 stock split. What will the market price per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $10 $25 $50 $75 $125 Market price per share = ($5.5m / 110,000 shares) 1 / 5 = $10.00 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #86 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 87. The Mining Co. has 110,000 shares of stock outstanding. The current market value of the firm is $5.5 million. The company has retained earnings of $1.8 million, paid in surplus of $2.2 million, and a common stock account value of $.11 million. The company is planning a 5-for-1 stock split. What will the retained earnings account value be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.36 million $0.45 million $1.8 million $7.2 million $9.0 million A stock split does not change the total value of the retained earnings account. AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #87 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 88. The common stock of Checkers, Inc. is selling for $40 a share. The par value per share is $1. Currently, the firm has a total market value of $78,600. How many shares of stock will be outstanding if the firm does a 5-for-3 stock split? A. B. C. D. E. 1,179 shares 1,965 shares 2,555 shares 3,275 shares 5,895 shares Number of shares = ($78,600 / $40) 5 / 3 = 3,275 shares AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #88 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 89. The common stock of Gleason, Inc. is selling for $55 a share. The par value per share is $1. Currently, the firm has a total market value of $195,250. How many shares of stock will be outstanding if the firm does a 5-for-2 stock split? A. B. C. D. E. 1,420 shares 3,550 shares 5,325 shares 7,100 shares 8,875 shares Number of shares = ($195,250 / $55) 5 / 2 = 8,875 shares AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #89 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 90. Smith Cleaning Services has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $8 a share. What will the market price per share be if the company does a 1-for-3 reverse stock split? A. B. C. D. E. $2.67 $4.00 $12.00 $18.33 $24.00 Market price = $8 3 / 1 = $24.00 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #90 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 91. Ryan's Auto Parts has 200,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $10 a share. The company has retained earnings of $86,000 and paid in surplus of $285,000. The company just announced a 2-for-5 reverse stock split. How many shares of stock will be outstanding after the split? A. B. C. D. E. 40,000 shares 80,000 shares 250,000 shares 380,000 shares 500,000 shares Number of shares = 200,000 2 / 5 = 80,000 shares AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #91 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 92. Ryan's Auto Parts has 200,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $10 a share. The company has retained earnings of $86,000 and paid in surplus of $285,000. The company just announced a 2-for-5 reverse stock split. What will the par value per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $0.20 $0.40 $1.00 $2.50 $5.00 Par value per share = $1 5 / 2 = $2.50 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #92 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS 93. Pop's Market has 12,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $8 a share. The company just announced a 3-for-7 reverse stock split. What will the market value per share be after the split? A. B. C. D. E. $3.43 $5.00 $6.14 $12.87 $18.67 Market value per share = $8 7 / 3 = $18.67 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC Ross - Chapter 018 #93 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLIT TYPE: PROBLEMS Essay Questions 94. Identify the key goals of a compromise dividend policy. Then explain which two of the goals are waived over the short-run and explain why. Avoid cutting back on positive NPV projects to pay a dividend Avoid cutting dividends Avoid the need to sell new equity Maintain a target debt/equity ratio Maintain a target dividend payout ratio Goals 4 and 5 are long-term goals which are permitted to fluctuate in the short-term so that the first 3 goals can be met. AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING Ross - Chapter 018 #94 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICY 95. Explain the meaning of the dividend clientele effect and why it is important. There are certain groups that prefer low dividend payouts and certain groups that prefer high dividend payouts; these are dividend clienteles. If clienteles exist, then whenever a firm changes its dividend policy it just swaps one clientele for another. In the end, the firm cannot affect its value by making changes in its dividend policy unless there are unsatisfied clienteles. AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING Ross - Chapter 018 #95 SECTION: 18.5 TOPIC: CLIENTELE EFFECT 96. Positive NPV projects enhance shareholder wealth. However, in some cases the payment of dividends limit the number of positive NPV projects a firm can accept. Why, then, shouldn't shareholders prefer a residual dividend policy? This question makes the assumption that the dividend decision effectively hampers the investment decision. The better student will realize that this may be short-sighted, for if the firm cannot fund positive NPV projects without cutting its dividend, then the firm will likely seek outside sources of capital instead. Since shareholders appear to dislike unstable dividends, a residual dividend policy will likely not be in the best interest of the existing shareholders even if adopting such a policy allows the firm to undertake all of its positive NPV projects. AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING Ross - Chapter 018 #96 SECTION: 18.6 TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDEND POLICY 97. Identify some real-world factors which might make it more difficult for an individual to effectively create a homemade dividend policy. Students should address factors such as taxes, transaction costs, and investment earnings. If selling $100 of securities is not equal to receiving $100 of dividend income on an aftertax basis, then investors will have a preference for one over the other. Selling small amounts of securities on a frequent basis tends to result in significant transaction costs making such trading undesirable. Receiving dividend income today and then investing that income for a short period of time, say a year or two, may yield less than desirable results if the interest rate available for such investments is low, which would generally be the case if the amount invested was a minimal amount. Thus, effectively creating a homemade dividend policy may not be as simple as it sounds, especially for investors with smaller portfolios. AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING Ross - Chapter 018 #97 SECTION: 18.2 TOPIC: HOMEMADE DIVIDENDS 98. Explain how dividends affect individual shareholders differently than an equal amount of funds spent on a repurchase. Dividends are payable to all shareholders on an equal per share basis with the income taxed as dividend income when received. Shareholders have no control over the timing of dividend income. A repurchase affects only those shareholders who opt to sell their shares. The shareholders who participate in a repurchase will generally pay taxes at the capital gains rate with the tax liability created at the time of sale. Shareholders who do not participate in the repurchase receive no cash and incur no taxes. Thus, a repurchase allows shareholders to control the timing of their income. AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING Ross - Chapter 018 #98 SECTION: 18.7 TOPIC: DIVIDENDS VERSUS REPURCHASE ch18 Summary Category # of Questions AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING Ross - Chapter 018 SECTION: 18.1 SECTION: 18.2 SECTION: 18.3 SECTION: 18.4 SECTION: 18.5 SECTION: 18.6 SECTION: 18.7 SECTION: 18.8 TOPIC: CASH DIVIDEND TOPIC: CASH DIVIDENDS TOPIC: CLIENTELE EFFECT TOPIC: COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICY TOPIC: DATE OF PAYMENT TOPIC: DATE OF RECORD TOPIC: DECLARATION DATE TOPIC: DISTRIBUTION TOPIC: DIVIDEND TOPIC: DIVIDEND PAYMENTS TOPIC: DIVIDEND POLICY TOPIC: DIVIDEND SURVEY RESULTS TOPIC: DIVIDENDS VERSUS REPURCHASE TOPIC: EX-DIVIDEND DATE TOPIC: FACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDS TOPIC: FACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDS TOPIC: HOMEMADE DIVIDEND POLICY TOPIC: HOMEMADE DIVIDENDS TOPIC: INFORMATION CONTENT TOPIC: INFORMATION CONTENT EFFECT TOPIC: LARGE STOCK DIVIDEND TOPIC: REGULAR CASH DIVIDEND TOPIC: REPURCHASE TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDEND APPROACH TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDEND POLICY TOPIC: RESIDUAL DIVIDENDS TOPIC: REVERSE SPLIT TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLIT 39 5 98 15 5 3 3 5 14 11 42 2 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 3 1 5 TOPIC: REVERSE STOCK SPLITS TOPIC: SMALL STOCK DIVIDEND TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDEND TOPIC: STOCK DIVIDENDS TOPIC: STOCK REPURCHASE TOPIC: STOCK SPLIT TOPIC: STOCK SPLITS TOPIC: TARGET PAYOUT RATIO TOPIC: TRADING RANGE TYPE: CONCEPTS TYPE: DEFINITIONS TYPE: PROBLEMS 2 5 6 3 6 17 2 1 1 37 17 39