Download Monocots

5/11/2010
Monocots
Herbaceous – no true wood.
Parallel veined leaves with sheathing
base.
Single cotyledon.
Vascular bundles scattered (no organized
cambium).
bi )
3-merous flowers.
Acoraceae
1 Genus 6 species
Aquatic herbs.
Narrow ‘equitant’ leaves.
Inflorescence a fleshy spike
Flowers very samll, bisexual.
Radially symmetrical.
Tepals 4-6, inconspicuous or none,
distinct to connate.
Stamens 1-6.
Carpels 2-3.
y usually
y superior.
p
Ovary
Fruit a berry.
Acorus
Araceae
109 Genera 2830 species
Terrestrial or aquatic herbs, vines, or
epiphytes.
Leaves alternate, spiral or two-ranked.
With calcium
l i
oxalate
l t crystals.
t l
Watery or milky latex.
Inflorescence a spathe and spadix
Flowers bisexual or unisexual.
Plants usually monoecious.
Radially symmetrical.
Tepals
p 4-6,, inconspicuous
p
or none,,
distinct to connate.
Stamens 1-6.
Carpels 2-3.
Ovary usually superior.
Fruit usually a berry
1
5/11/2010
Arisaema triphyllum
Jack in the pulpit
Araceae
Monstera deliciosa
Araceae
Monstera
Lemna minor
Araceae
duckweed
Dieffenbachia spp.
Araceae
dumb cane
2
5/11/2010
Liliaceae
16 Genera 635 species
Herbs with bulbs and/or rhizomes.
Leaves alternate, spiral, or whorled
along stem; basal rosette.
Inflorescence sometimes reduced to
one terminal flower.
Flowers bisexual, radial to slightly
bilateral.
Tepals 6, disinct, petaloid.
Stamens 6.
Carpels 3, connate.
Ovary superior
superior.
Fruit a capsule, very rarely a berry.
Lilium canadense
Canada lily
Liliaceae\
3
5/11/2010
Lilium superbum
Turk’s cap lily
Liliaceae
Trillium erectum
wake robin
Liliaceae (Melanthiaceae)
Melanthiaceae)
Lilium philadelphicum
wood lily
Liliaceae
Smilacaceae
1 Genus 310 species
Vines, occasionally herbs.
With thick rhizomes.
Often with prickles on stems.
Leaves alternate and spiral.
Leaves simple; entire to serrate.
Primary veins palmate, converging;
secondary veins reticulate.
With pair of tendrils near petiole base.
4
5/11/2010
Smilacaceae
1 Genus 310 species
Inflorescence an umbel.
Flowers unisexual.
Plants dioecious.
Tepals 6, distinct to slightly connate.
Stamens 6.
Carpels 3, connate.
Ovary superior.
Fruit a berry.
One genus:
S il
Smilaxcatbrier
tb i
Iridaceae
67 Genera 1750 species
Herbs with rhizomes, corms or bulbs.
Leaves alternate, 2 ranked, equitant.
Inflorescence a cyme, often reduces to
1 terminal flower
Flowers bisexual, bilaterally or
radially symmetrical.
Individual flowers subtended by 1-2
bracts.
5
5/11/2010
Iris
Iridaceae
67 Genera 1750 species
Tepals 6, someitmes outer 3 distinct
from innner 3.
Stamens 3.
Filaments free or connate. Sometimes
adnate to tepals.
Anthers sometimes sticking to style
branches.
Style branches sometimes expanded
and petal-like.
Carpels 3, connate.
Ovary inferior.
F it a capsule.
Fruit
l
Iris verna
Iris cristata
Iris prismatica
Sisyrinchium
blue-eyed grass
Sisyrinchium
atlanticum
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Sisyrinchium mucronatum
6
5/11/2010
Alliaceae
13 Genera 645 species
Allium cepa
Onion
Herbs with bulbs.
Plants onion or garlic scented.
Leaves alternate, often two-ranked.
Leaves flat, terete (round in xsection), or quadrangular.
Inflorescences umbels or umbel-like,
subtended by membranous bracts.
Flowers bisexual, radially or
bilaterally symmetrical.
Tepals 6, distinct to slightly connate.
S
Stamens
66.
Filaments free or connate. Sometimes
adnate to tepals.
Carpels 3, connate.
Ovary superior.
Fruit a capsule.
Allium sativum
Allium tricoccum
garlic
ramp, wild leek
Native to mountains
of western Maryland
7
5/11/2010
Allium vineale
wild garlic
Bad agricultural and
garden weed
8