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Download Andrew Jackson`s Presidency
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AndrewJackson’sPresidency Unit5,Lesson1 EssentialIdea • AndrewJackson’spresidencyinvolved“new” democracy,theNullificationCrisis,theIndian RemovalAct,andtheBankWar. Jacksonian Democracy • • • • • • • • • Jacksonian Democracy: DuringJackson’time,American democracyincludedmore “commonman”involvementand equality 1.UniversalWhiteMaleSuffrage Gavethe“commonman”powerin elections 2.Campaigning/Mudslinging Candidatesbegan campaigning/mudslingingto appealtocommonpeople 3.Spoilssystem(patronage) Jacksonawardedgovernmentjobs forpoliticalsupport Thissystemquicklybecame corrupt Jacksonian Democracy • • • • 4.AlexisdeTocqueville Wrote“DemocracyinAmerica,”commentingontheequalityhesawbetween differentsocialclassesinAmerica LimitsonDemocracy: Blacks,women,andNativeAmericanswerestillnottreatedequallyorgiven voiceingovernment NullificationCrisis • TheNullificationCrisis: • “TariffofAbominations”— Congresspassedanewtariff thatSouthCarolinahated • SouthCaroliniansthreatened tosecede,orwithdraw,from theUnitedStates • Jackson’sownvice-president, JohnCalhoun,suggested nullificationinsteadof secession • Nullification— ideathat statescanrejectfederallaws • • • • • • • • • • • • Webster-HayneDebates Webster-HayneDebates: Senatorsdebatedtheissueofnullification inCongress Senator: Daniel Webster Position: Againstnullification—the Union(federalgovernment)comesBEFOREindividual states Senator: RobertHayne Position: Fornullification—the freedomofstatescomesBEFOREtheUnion(Calhounagreed) Jackson’sposition: Jacksonfavoredstates’rights,butNOT ifitbrokeuptheUnion(againstCalhoun) Jacksonvs.SouthCarolina • • • • • • • • • • SouthCarolina’sAction: SouthCarolinanullifiedthe“Tariffof Abominations” Jackson’sReaction: Jacksonwasfurious,calledtheaction treason,andsentawarshiptoSouth Carolina ConflictandCompromise: HenryClay: CompromiseTariffof1833– Claygot Congresstolowerthetarifftosatisfy SouthCarolina ForceBill: Authorizedthepresidenttouse militarytoenforcelaws TheNullificationCrisis CivilWarForeshadowed • Futureimplications: • In1860,South Carolina“nullified” theelectionof AbrahamLincoln • SouthCarolinaand otherstates secededfromthe Union • TheCivilWar startedwhen PresidentLincoln usedthemilitaryto preservetheUnion IndianRemoval • JacksonandNative Americans: • Jacksonintendedtomove Indiansoutoftheeastern UnitedStates • IndianRemovalAct— authorizedtherelocationof IndianstotheGreatPlains, (westoftheMississippiRiver) • Worcesterv.Georgia: • CherokeeIndianssuedtostay ontheirlandinGeorgia • TheSupremeCourtruledin favoroftheCHEROKEE IndianRemoval • Jackson’sreaction: • JacksonIGNORED theruling • TrailofTears: • TheCherokeewere forcedtowalk800 milestoOklahoma • About4,000died fromstarvation, disease,andcold • TheTrailofTears IndianWarsForeshadowed • Futureimplications: • Eventually,AmericanswouldalsotakeIndianlandinthe West • Indiansfoughtback(IndianWars)butwereforcedonto reservations Electionof1832 • • • • • • • • • • Electionof1832: Democrats—AndrewJackson Whigs—HenryClay MajorIssue: Whetherornottokeepthe BUS ClaywantedtokeeptheBUS JacksondistrustedtheBUS andthoughtit unconstitutional Results: Jacksonwoneasily Jacksonfelthehada “mandate”fromthepeopleto destroytheBUS TheBankWar • The“Monster”Bank: • Jacksontookmoneyfromthe “monster”bank(BUS),which “killed”theBUS • “Pet”Banks: • Jacksonputthemoneyinstate banks,knownas“petbanks” • Constitutional? • McCullochv.Marylandhad establishedtheBUSas constitutional • Again,Jacksondefiedthe SupremeCourt Evaluationof Jackson • Manofthepeople? • Jackson’ssupportersfelt hewoulddowhatever necessaryforthepeople • Dictator? • Jackson’scriticsthought heactedlikeadictator whoignoredthe Constitution • Jackson'sLegacy ThePanicof1837 • Panicof1837: • Panicof1837—thiseconomicrecessionhitjustafterJacksonleft office • SomeblamedJackson’seconomicpolicies,likekillingtheBUS • TheDemocratswereblamedandlostpopularity Electionof1840 • Electionof1840: • ManyAmericansstartedtofavortheWhigParty • Whigpartycandidates—WilliamHenryHarrison(herofrom BattleofTippecanoe)andJohnTyler AppealingtotheCommonMan • Jacksonian Campaigning: • “TippecanoeandTylerToo”—catchysloganofWhig campaign • “LogCabinandHardCider”campaign—madeWhigslook likecommonmen,appealedtovoters TylerBecomesPresident • Results: • HarrisonandTylerwoneasily • HarrisondiedamonthaftertheinaugurationandTyler becamepresident
