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Transcript
PEKA 4 PEKA 4 Relationship between force and acceleration when mass is constant. Problem Statement An object accelerates when acted upon by a force. What happens to the acceleration of the object if the force acting on it increases and the mass of the object remains constant? Inference Force influences the acceleration of an object. Hypothesis The acceleration of an object of constant mass will increase when the force acting on it increases. Aim To study the relationship between force and acceleration of an object when its mass is constant. (a) Manipulated : Force Variables (b) Responding : Acceleration (c) Fixed : Mass Apparatus Materials Operational Definition of Variables Procedure Ticker timer, 12 V a.c. power supply, 2 identical trolleys and an inclined plane with a pulley at one end, Triple Beam Balance Thread, Slotted weights, 50g, 100g, 150g (Or 50g, 80g, 100g) Acceleration : Rate of change of velocity that can be determined by analyzing the ticker tapes. Force : Force is achieved by using slotted weights attached to the trolley by a non-elastic thread. Diagram of Apparatus Ticker Timer Ticker Tape Trolley Thread Friction compensated inclined plane Pulley Lab Bench Slotted Weights Unit Physics , SMJK Yu Hua Pradeep Kumar PEKA 4 1. Arrange the apparatus as shown in the diagram. The runway must be tilted to an angle to compensate for friction. 2. Switch on the ticker timer. 3. Use a 50g slotted weight and attach it to the thread. 4. Release the slotted weight and let it fall freely to the ground. 5. Analyse the ticker tape to determine the acceleration, a of the trolley and record the value in the form of a table. 6. Repeat procedures 4 and 5 using 100g and 150g slotted weight to increase the force applied uniformly. 7. Plot the graph of acceleration against force. Method Table of Results 1. Plot the graph of acceleration against time using the 10 ticks tiker tapes from the experimental results. From each graph of 10 ticks, calculate the acceleration 2. Draw a table and record the data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50g force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 g force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150g force Acceleration Calculations 50g force (0.5N) 100g force (1.0N) 150g force (1.5N) Unit Physics , SMJK Yu Hua Pradeep Kumar PEKA 4 Force, F/N 0.5 1.0 1.5 Acceleration, a/cm s2 (Use actual values from your experimental investigation) Graphs 1. Plot the graphs of acceleration against force in Figure 1. Discussion 1. From the graph, state the relationship between acceleration and force when the mass of the trolley is constant. Does the result support your hypothesis? The graph of acceleration against force shows that the bigger the force the bigger the acceleration of the trolley when its mass is constant. The hypothesis is supported. 2. Write a mathematical relationship between the acceleration and force when the mass is constant. The acceleration, a is directly proportional to the force, F when the mass is constant, a F, m constant. Conclusion Acceleration of the trolley is directly proportional to the applied force when the mass is kept constant. Precaution Compensation for friction by tilting the runway to a certain angle is done by repeatedly increasing the angle of inclination of the runway in small steps until the trolley moves with a constant velocity when it is released Unit Physics , SMJK Yu Hua Pradeep Kumar