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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM SCHOOLYEAR 2013-2014 CLASS 1A Common characteristics of animals Animals have some common characteristics: ● they can move ( capacity of movement ) ● they have different organs made of different tissues; every organ performs a specific function necessary to life ● they have a nervous system: an apparatus that permits animals to react to different stimuli and to coordinate the movements of the varius parts of the body ● they swallow food to get nourishment invertebrates There are different phyla of invertebrate animals: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Protozoa Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jelly fish, polyps, corals…) Annelida (worms and leeches) Mollusca (octopus, snail…) Echinoderma (sea urchin, starfish) Arthropoda CNIDARIA sarah The jellyfish belongs to the phylum cnidaria. Cnidaria are sea creatures. They ususally have tentacles with stinging cells. The most familiar are the jellyfish, sea anemones, polyps and coral. JELLYFISH SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: animalia Phylum: cnidaria Subphylum: medusozoa Petersen, 1979 SEA ANEMONES POLYPS CORALS ANNELIDS MATTIA Annelids are worms and leeches. They have bodies that are divided into segments. Annelids have VERY WELLDEVELOPED INTERNAL ORGANS!! a worm a leech LEECHES Leeches are anellids. They eat animal blood. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Class: Clitellata Subclass: Hirudinea WORMS Scientific classification Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Subclass: Order: Family: Genus: Animalia Annelida Clitellata Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Lumbricidae Lumbricus Echinoderms Echinoderms are marine animals that live in the ocean. They have arms that radiate from the center of their body. The central body contains their organs and their mouth. Starfish There are different types of starfish Starfish Starfish or sea stars are echinoderms. They are star-shaped and belong to the class Asteroidea. There are about 1,500 species of starfish in all the world's oceans, from the tropics to the polar waters. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They typically have a central disc and five arms, some species have more than five arms. They have bright colours: they can be red or orange, blue, grey or brown. They have complex life cycles and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most can regenerate damaged parts or lost arms. Reef starfish Scientific classification Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Animalia Echinodermata Asteroidea Forcipulatida Stichasteridae Stichaster S. australis MOLLUSCA Mollusks are very old animals. Some fossils of mollusks date back over 500 million years. Most mollusks have a soft, skin-like organ covered with a hard outside shell. Some mollusks live on land, some in the sea. Land living mollusks, like the snail, move slowly on a flat sole called a foot. Ocean living mollusks move or swim by jet propulsion. They propel themselves by ejecting water from their body (for example, the squid and the octopus). Other ocean living mollusks, like the oyster or the clam, attach themselves to rocks or other surfaces, and can’t move. THE OCTOPUS Scientific Classification Octopus Vulgaris Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda Family: Octopodinae Subfamily: Octopodinae Genus: Octopus Species: Octopus vulgaris ARTHROPODA This phylum includes most species alive today. The classes of this phylum include: ● Arachnida (spiders, scorpions and ticks) ● Crustacea (crabs, shrimps) ● Miriapoda (millipedes and centipedes) ● Insecta Arachnids Arachnids are chiefly terrestrial arthropods, but some also live in freshwater and in the sea (not in the pelagic zone). Arachnids have a hard exoskeleton and jointed legs for walking. Their body is divided into two parts: cephalothorax and abdomen. SCORPION Kingdom: Phylum: Subphylum: Class: Subclass: Order: Animalia Arthropoda Chelicerata Arachnida Dromopoda Scorpiones SPINY SPIDER Classification kingdom animalia phylum arthropoda class arachnida order araneae family araneidae genus gasteracantha species G. cancriformis CRAB DAVID Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Scientific name: Brachyura Linnaeus,1758 millipede Ayman Scientific classification Kingdom: Phylum: Subphylum: Class: animalia arthropoda myriapoda chilopoda Insects Insects are the largest group of arthropods. There are over 800,000 different types of insects that live almost everywhere in the word. Insects have an exoskeleton that covers their body. An insect’s body consists of the head, thorax and abdomen. Insects have antennae and compound eyes. Leafhoppers thomas Bocydium globulare It's the strangest insect in the world. It lives only in the northern half of South America. It is only 4 to 7.5 mm long. The purpose of the balls on the pronotal extensions is not clear. It is a solitary species. They are hoppers and feed on the undersides of Glory Bush leaves (Miconia spp.) a couple of meters above the forest floor. The species is attracted to lights. vertebrates AMPHIBIANS (clara) ● they live on land and in water ● ● ● ● ● ● they they they they they they have webbed feet are cold blooded lay many eggs have 4 legs (sometimes no legs) have moist skin (no scales, no fur) breathe with lungs and gills. Salamander (clara) Kingdom: animalia Phylum: chordata Class: amphibians Superorder: batrachia Order: caudata Species: maculatum Ambystoma FISH Almost ¾ of the world’s surface is covered in water. There are over 20,000 different species of fish, some are very small, some are very big. They are vertebrates and have a skeleton made of bone or cartilage. Fish have some common characteristics ● ● ● ● fish breathe under water using gills. they have scales and fills, no hair or fur they are coold-blooded they lay meny eggs Common carp (simone) Scientific classification Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Animalia Chordata Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cyprinus C. carpio REPTILES ● they live ● they ● they ● they ● they usually lay eggs (some give birth to young) have SCALES, not fur have a dry skin are cold-blooded do not have ears but ear-holes VIPERS belhisa There are different types of vipers. Mexican west coast rattlesnake Kingdom: Phylum: Subphylum: Class: Order: Suborder: Family: Animalia Chordata Vertebrata Reptilia Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Species: Crotalus basiliscus KOMODO DRAGON KOMODO DRAGON The Komodo Dragon is a reptile. It lives in the islands of Indonesia. It has scales. Its scentific name is Varanus Komodoensis Turtles and tortoises Turtles and tortoises are reptiles. Tortoises live on land and turtles live in fresh or salt water but they have lungs and breathe air. GREEN SEA TURTLE kingdom: Animalia phylum chordata Class: reptilia Order: testudines Family: chelodiidae Genus: chelonia Species: Chelonia mydas florida box tortoise kingdom: animalia phylum: chordata class: reptilia order: Testudines(=chelonii) family: Emididae genus: Terrapene species: Terrapene carolina subspecies: Terrapene carolina bauri BIRDS ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ they they they they they have feathers and wings lay eggs have 2 legs have ear-holes instead of ears are warm-blooded Black-chinned Humminbird aiyana Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Subclass: Neornithes Infraclass: Neognathae Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae Sun Conure Kevin SCENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae Genus: Aratinga Species: Aratinga solstitialis Sun Conure ● it lives in northeastern South America ● it is herbivorous ● the hen lays three to five eggs ● it has a yellow plumage and orange-flushed under parts and face MAMMALS ● ● ● ● ● they have hair or fur they give birth to live young mammal mothers nurse their young with milk they have lungs and need air to breathe mammals that live on land have 4 legs, and ears that stick out ● they are warm-blooded TIGERS The tiger is the largest cat species. It can be 3.38 m long and weigh up to 388.7 kg. It has dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. Some tigers are white, with black and grey stripes. Tigers are carnivorous, and usually eat ungulates such as deer and bovids. They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals. Tiger Wijdane Kingdom: Animalia, or “animal” Phylum: Chordata, or “has a backbone” Class: Mammalia, or nurses its young Order: Carnivora, or eats other animals Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: Panthera tigris Tigers are endangered! Tigers once lived in Asia, from Turkey in the west to the eastern coast of Russia. Over the past 100 years, they have lost 93% of their historic range. Today, they range from the Siberian taiga to open grasslands and tropical mangrove swamps. There are only six tiger subspecies remaining. They have been classified as endangered. The global population in the wild is estimated to number between 3,000 and 4,000 individuals. Major reasons for population decline include habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and poaching.