Download 21.1 Plant and Evolution and Adaptations P.604

SERINA JUAREZ
21.1 Plant and Evolution and Adaptations P.604
- Essential Questions:
Why are plants important to humans’ survival? What are the plant adaptations to land and
how did they help plants survive on land? What are the different types of plants?
Questions (at least 5):
1. What is the evolution of
plants?
2. How did plants adapt to land
environments?
3. What key components do
plants carry that enable them to
adapt and survive?
4. What alternations of
generations that have occurred
throughout time?
5. How can you classify plants?
Notes:
-multicellular eukaryotes with tissues and organs that have
specialized structures and functions
-through natural selection, drought resistant adaptations in the
ancestor, such as protected embryos and other survival
characteristics
-the common characters between present-day algae and
present-day plants are: cell wall composed of cellulose, cell
division that includes the formation of cell plate, the same type
of chlorophyll used in photosynthesis, food stores as starch ect.
-plants that adapted to land environments learned how to
survive with limited water resources
-the cuticle is the shinier skin on the leaves that plays a role in
helping prevent the evaporation of water from plant tissues and
also can act as a barrier to invading microorganisms
-stomata are adaptations that enable gases to exchange, which
may be found on plant leaves
-vascular tissues speed up the process of the movement of
substances than by osmosis and diffusion; vascular tissues also
provide thickened cell walls and extra support
-some land plants reproduce by spores that have waterproof
protective covering, but must have a film of water covering them
for sperm to swim to eggs
-a haploid gametophyte generation and a diploid sporophyte
generation; the gametophyte generation produces gametessperm and eggs.
-when a sperm fertilizes an egg, a diploid zygote forms that can
undergo countless mitotic cell division to form a multicellular
sporophyte
-during plant evolution, the trend was from dominant
gametophytes to dominant sporophytes that contain vascular
tissue
-nonvascular plants lack specialized transport tissues such as:
bryophytes, anthocerophytes, & hepaticophytes
-two seedless vascular plants are lycophytes and pterophtes
-five seed-producing vascular plants include:
Cycadophytes, gnetophytes, ginkophytes, confierophytes, and
anthophytes
Summary: To start off, plants are multicellular eukaryote organisms that are photosynthetic.
Biologists have proven that ancient unicellular, freshwater green algae were the ancestors of
present-day plants. Present-day plants and green algae have common characteristic such as cell
walls of cellulose and food stored as starch. Many elements such as cuticle, stomata, vascular
tissues, reproductive, and seeds play a major role in adapting and living on land. Lastly, plants tend
to alternate between a sporophyte and a gametophyte generation.