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Download 21.1 Plant and Evolution and Adaptations P.604
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SERINA JUAREZ 21.1 Plant and Evolution and Adaptations P.604 - Essential Questions: Why are plants important to humans’ survival? What are the plant adaptations to land and how did they help plants survive on land? What are the different types of plants? Questions (at least 5): 1. What is the evolution of plants? 2. How did plants adapt to land environments? 3. What key components do plants carry that enable them to adapt and survive? 4. What alternations of generations that have occurred throughout time? 5. How can you classify plants? Notes: -multicellular eukaryotes with tissues and organs that have specialized structures and functions -through natural selection, drought resistant adaptations in the ancestor, such as protected embryos and other survival characteristics -the common characters between present-day algae and present-day plants are: cell wall composed of cellulose, cell division that includes the formation of cell plate, the same type of chlorophyll used in photosynthesis, food stores as starch ect. -plants that adapted to land environments learned how to survive with limited water resources -the cuticle is the shinier skin on the leaves that plays a role in helping prevent the evaporation of water from plant tissues and also can act as a barrier to invading microorganisms -stomata are adaptations that enable gases to exchange, which may be found on plant leaves -vascular tissues speed up the process of the movement of substances than by osmosis and diffusion; vascular tissues also provide thickened cell walls and extra support -some land plants reproduce by spores that have waterproof protective covering, but must have a film of water covering them for sperm to swim to eggs -a haploid gametophyte generation and a diploid sporophyte generation; the gametophyte generation produces gametessperm and eggs. -when a sperm fertilizes an egg, a diploid zygote forms that can undergo countless mitotic cell division to form a multicellular sporophyte -during plant evolution, the trend was from dominant gametophytes to dominant sporophytes that contain vascular tissue -nonvascular plants lack specialized transport tissues such as: bryophytes, anthocerophytes, & hepaticophytes -two seedless vascular plants are lycophytes and pterophtes -five seed-producing vascular plants include: Cycadophytes, gnetophytes, ginkophytes, confierophytes, and anthophytes Summary: To start off, plants are multicellular eukaryote organisms that are photosynthetic. Biologists have proven that ancient unicellular, freshwater green algae were the ancestors of present-day plants. Present-day plants and green algae have common characteristic such as cell walls of cellulose and food stored as starch. Many elements such as cuticle, stomata, vascular tissues, reproductive, and seeds play a major role in adapting and living on land. Lastly, plants tend to alternate between a sporophyte and a gametophyte generation.