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FORCES & MOTION Newtons Laws of Motion 1. An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force Newtons Laws of Motion 1. An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force 2. The larger the mass of an object, the more force it takes to move that object Force = Mass x Acceleration Newtons Laws of Motion 1. An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force 2. The larger the mass of an object, the more force it takes to move that object Force = Mass x Acceleration 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Forms of Energy What is energy? •Ability to do work or cause change •Produces Warmth •Produces Light •Produces Sound •Produces Movement •Produces Growth •Powers Technology Classes of Energy POTENTIAL Stored energy or energy of position Gravitational, Stored Mechanical, Nuclear, Chemical KINETIC Energy of motion Motion, Electrical, Sound, Radiant, Thermal POTENTIAL ENERGY Types and Forms Potential Energy Gravitational Energy – energy an object or substance has because of its position Anything “up high” Potential Energy Stored Mechanical Energy – stored in an object by the application of force Must push or pull on an object Potential Energy Nuclear Energy – energy stored in the nucleus of an atom Holds the atom together Potential Energy Chemical Energy – energy stored in the bonds between atoms Holds molecules together Kinetic Energy Types and Forms Kinetic Energy Mechanical (Motion) Energy – movement of objects or substances from one place to another Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy – movement of electrons NOT AN ELECTRON PARADE! Kinetic Energy Sound Energy – movement of energy through substances in the form of longitudinal/ compression waves Kinetic Energy Radiant Energy – electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves Kinetic Energy Thermal (Heat) Energy – internal energy of a substance due to the vibration of atoms and molecules making up the substance Energy Transfers Where is it going? Energy Transfers 1 – Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only changed. •Law of Conservation of Energy •First Law of Thermodynamics 2 – Energy will always transfer from high to low. 3 – No energy transfer is 100% efficient. Chemical → Name the Transfer Mechanical , Heat , Sound Nuclear → Name the Transfer Chemical Electrical Name the Transfer → Thermal Chemical → Name the Transfer Mechanical , Heat , Sound In Review •Energy does work or causes change. •Two main classes of energy: potential and kinetic. •Potential Energy – stored energy or energy of position •Gravitational, Stored Mechanical, Nuclear, Chemical •Kinetic Energy – energy of motion •Motion/Mechanical, Electrical, Sound, Radiant, Thermal/Heat •Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only changed. •Energy always transfers from high to low. •Energy transfers are never 100% efficient.