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Cardiac conduction system
Sinus node
Left atrium
AV node
Right Ventricle
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Left Ventricle
Purkinje Fibers
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Cardiac impulse propagation
Sinus Node
Left Atrium
A-V Node
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Guyton and Hall, 1996,
Fig. 10-4, p. 125
Right Ventricle
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Action Potential
• Fast sodium current INa
– depolarization
• Slow calcium current ICa
– plateau phase
• Slow potassium
current IK
– repolarization
S. Nattel, Nature 2002;415:219-226
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From Polygons to Bricks
Polygons
Bricks
“From Polygons to Bricks”, Chris Delnooz, Master’s Thesis CS, 2001
“A Multilayered Polygonal Mesh for the Cellular Bidomain Model”,
Marije Mulder, Internship Report, 2004
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Human ventricular membrane model
Priebe and Beuckelmann, Circ Res 1998;82:1206-1223
Bernus et al., AJP Heart Circ Physiol 2002;282:H2296-H2308
Vmem
I to
I Na
IK
I Ca
I K1
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Endocard
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Midwall
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Epicard
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Left Ventricle (5 layers)
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Human ventricular membrane model
Priebe and Beuckelmann, Circ Res 1998;82:1206-1223
Bernus et al., AJP Heart Circ Physiol 2002;282:H2296-H2308
Vmem
I to
I Na
IK
I Ca
I K1
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Geometry of Human Ventricles
“The Influence of Cardiac Wall Deformation on the Genesis of the Electrocardiogram”,
Wilco Kroon, Master’s Thesis, 2004
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5-layer Mesh of Human Ventricles
Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006
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Endocard (right ventricle)
Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006
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Midwall (left and right ventricle)
Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006
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Epicard (ventricle)
Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006
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Representation of Purkinje system
Gijs Huisman, Internship, 2006