Download • Parts and function of the respiratory system • How the respiratory

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NAME:
GCSE PE
TOPIC 1.2.3
• Parts and function of the respiratory system
• How the respiratory system works
• Short and long term effects of exercise on
the respiratory system
TARGET GRADE:
CURRENT GRADE:
2
BOOKLET OBJECTIVES
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•
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Develop knowledge and understanding of the structure
of the respiratory system.
Understand how the lungs inhale and exhale.
Understand where and how gaseous exchange occurs.
Develop knowledge and understanding of how exercise
effects our respiratory system, both in the short and
long term.
Learn in detail about the two types of respiration that
create energy within the human body, AEROBIC and
ANAEROBIC.
Lesson 1
3
Parts and Function of the Respiratory System
Function:
Label the diagram below of the respiratory system:
Lesson 1
4
IMPORTANT Parts of the Respiratory System
Air Passages
Muscles
Alveoli
Lesson 1
5
The Path of Oxygen entering the Body
Mouth
Trachea
Mucus
Alveoli
Hairs
Bronchi
Nose
Larynx
Bronchioles
Complete the sentences below using the words from the box
above:
1) Oxygen enters the body through the ___________ and
__________.
2) When oxygen goes in through the nose, it passes through the
nasal cavity where __________ and small __________ help
stop dirt and pollen in the air from entering the body.
3) Oxygen then passes through the ___________ and then down
the ____________ in the lungs.
4) Oxygen then enters both the left and right lungs through two
_____________.
5) These Bronchi then splint into much smaller _______________
which transports the oxygen to the ______________. This is
where oxygen is passed into the blood stream and carbon
dioxide is taken out.
WHAT PATH DOES CARBON DIOXIDE FOLLOW WHEN LEAVING THE BODY?
Lesson 1
6
Exam Style Questions
1) What is the function of the respiratory system?
2) Where does gaseous exchange take place within the respiratory system?
3) How does the human nose help the respiratory system?
4a) Name the two muscles which play a vital role within the respiratory system?
b) What do they help with?
5) Using the diagram on page 4 list the route oxygen will take to before entering the blood
stream?
Lesson 1
7
HOMEWORK
In your own words, explain the path oxygen takes when entering the body
and the path carbon dioxide takes when it leaves?
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 2
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STARTER
Using information gained last week label the diagram below of the
respiratory system:
What are the key roles the respiratory system plays in everyday
life?
Lesson 2
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How Breathing Works
INHALING
1)
2)
3)
4)
Lesson 2
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EXHALING
1)
2)
3)
4)
Lesson 2
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Gaseous Exchange in the Alveoli
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2
1
3
5
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Lesson 2
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KEY FEATURES OF ALVEOLI
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What are the benefits of these key features?
RECAP: Explain where else GASEOUS EXCHANGE takes place?
Lesson 2
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EXTENDED WRITTEN QUESTION
In your own words explain how the respiratory system gets oxygen
into the body and carbon dioxide out?
NOTE: Make sure you explain the process of getting oxygen in and carbon dioxide out as
well as the route both need to take.
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 2
14
HOMEWORK
1) a) Name the two places where gaseous exchange takes place within the
human body? (2)
b) Explain gaseous exchange within the respiratory system? (4)
2) Explain what happens to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles during:
a) Breathing In: (1)
b) Breathing Out: (1)
3) Explain the role of air passages when breathing in air? (3)
Lesson 3
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STARTER
Explain the diagram above using the information gained from the last
lesson?
Lesson 3
16
RESPIRATION – Aerobic
What is it?
Explanation of the Equation:
1) Oxygen and Sugar (Glucose):
2) Carbon Dioxide:
3) Water
4) Energy
Lesson 3
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Key Facts of Aerobic Respiration
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RELATING THIS TO SPORT?
Name two sports where this type of respiration will be important?
How do you know this?
Explain how endurance athletes manage to maximise oxygen
availability when exercising?
Lesson 3
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RESPIRATION – Anaerobic
What is it?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Creatine Phosphate (CP)
Lactic Acid and Oxygen Debt
Lesson 3
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Key Facts of Anaerobic Respiration
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RELATING THIS TO SPORT?
Name two sports where this type of respiration will be important?
How do you know this?
Why does an athlete who has just worked anaerobically continue to
breathe heavily for several minutes after finishing their activity?
Lesson 3
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HOMEWORK
In all games a combination of aerobic and anaerobic respiration is required. Explain how a performer might
work aerobically and anaerobically in the following sports?
Aerobic
Badminton
Netball
Football
Boxing
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Anaerobic
Lesson 4
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STARTER
Complete the titles and equations below:
1) _________________ Respiration Equation
Oxygen + ____________ = Carbon Dioxide + __________ + ________
2) _________________ Respiration Equation
___________ = Energy + ______________________
3) a) When does an athlete use aerobic respiration?
b) Give a sporting example from a game sport?
4) a) When does an athlete use anaerobic respiration?
c) Give a sporting example from a game sport?
Lesson 4
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Key Terms
There are five key terms that relate to our bodies capacity for
gaseous exchange:
TIDAL VOLUME
RESPIRATORY RATE
MINUTE VOLUME
_________________ X __________________ = ________________
VITAL CAPACITY
VO2 MAX
Lesson 4
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SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
TIDAL VOLUME:
How do we know this happens?
What does this allow to happen?
RESPIRATORY RATE:
Why does this happen?
Oxygen =
Carbon Dioxide =
SO, MINUTE VOLUME:
Lesson 4
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During Anaerobic Activities ‘OXYGEN DEBT’ Occurs:
HOW LIFESTYLES EFFECT THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Diet:
Smoking:
Alcohol:
Lesson 4
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RESEARCH TASK
Medical Conditions that Effect Breathing
Research, using the internet the following medical conditions that
affect our respiratory system. Make brief notes on how the illness is
caused and why / how it affects the lungs ability to bring in oxygen:
ASTHMA:
EMPHYSEMA:
CYSTIC FIBROSIS:
LUNG CANCER:
PNEUMONIA:
Lesson 4
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PAST EXAM QUESTIONS
1) As soon as we start to exercise our breathing rate and depth of breathing increases.
(a) Explain two reasons why the respiratory system responds in this way when beginning exercise.
(i) Explanation one
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 Marks)
(ii) Explanation two
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 Marks)
(b) Explain how the respiratory system helps the body to recover from oxygen debt after exercise.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(3 Marks)
(2013 Exam Paper)
(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
Lesson 4
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2) (a) Complete the statement.
During exercise your breathing rate ......................................................... in order to take in
more air.
(1 Mark)
(b) Name the two most important gases contained in inspired air in terms of impact on
performance.
Gas 1 .............................................................................................................................
Gas 2 .............................................................................................................................
(2 Marks)
(c) Regular training can affect tidal volume. Explain the term ‘tidal volume’ and what the
onset of exercise does to it?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(3 Marks)
(d) What term is being described in the statement below?
‘The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much
as possible.’
......................................................................................................................................
(1 Mark)
(Total Marks for Question 2 = 7 Marks)
(2009 Exam Paper)
Lesson 5
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STARTER
1) Explain the meaning of the following terms:
Tidal Volume =
Respiratory Rate =
Minute Volume =
Vital Capacity =
VO2 Max =
2) In your own words briefly explain what happens to the
respiratory system after the onset of exercise?
Lesson 5
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LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIAPHRAGM AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES:
THIS MEANS
Tidal Volume:
Alveoli:
Vital Capacity:
Respiratory Rate during exercise and rest:
ALSO
BLOOD SUPPLY:
Lesson 5
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RELATE TO SPORT
Paul and Mark are both 21 and have decided to run in the local 10K
charity run at the weekend. Paul exercises on a regular basis,
however Mark smokes and does not exercise any more since leaving
school. Explain how and why their respiratory systems will perform
differently during the run.
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 5
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EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS
1) a) Where does gaseous exchange take place within the respiratory
system?
b) Why do these have / need such a good blood supply?
2) Explain the difference in the composition of inhaled and exhaled air and
explain why this occurs?
3) Which of the following is not a key term in relation to the respiratory
system?
a. Tidal Volume
b. Stroke Volume
c. Respiratory Rate
d. Vital Capacity
Explain your answer:
Lesson 5
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4) State one advantage and one disadvantage for both types of respiration?
a) Aerobic:
b) Anaerobic:
5) Explain how we inhale and exhale air?
a) Inhale:
b) Exhale:
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ENRICHMENT WORK
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ENRICHMENT WORK