Download Heart Physiology /Circulatory System Review

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Heart Physiology /Circulatory System Review
1. What is the function of the circulatory system? To move nutrients and waste
products throughout the body
2. The sinoatrial node is also known as the pacemaker, it is located in the right atrium
3. Arterial blood pressure is determined using a device known as a
sphygmomanometer
4. When taking blood pressure, what artery are you manipulating? brachial
5. The first audible beats are produced by the forceful opening of an artery. This is
considered to the systole
6. Explain why an athlete must exercise harder or longer to achieve a maximum heart
rate than a person who is not as physically fit. Like any muscle, a well-conditioned
heart beats more efficiently and is more difficult to stress
7. body’s largest artery aorta
8. two arteries that supply blood to the upper arm axillary and brachial
9. branches from abdominal portion of aorta and supplies blood to the pelvis, will be
divided into two common iliac
10. leg artery, supplies front part of foot with blood, important pulse point at ankle
anterior tibial
11. supplies blood to kidneys renal artery
12. branches into two arteries and supplies blood to head and trunk common carotid
13. leg artery that branches into internal and external plantar (foot arteries) posterior
tibial
14. supplies blood to upper extremities of the body, becomes the axillary subclavian
15. three arteries that make up the celiac trunk gastric, hepatic, splenic
16. becomes popliteal and supplies blood to greater part of legs femoral
17. these two arteries arise from the brachial radial, ulnar
18. these two veins unite to form the brachial radial, ulnar
19. vein used in bypass surgery greater saphenous
20. larger of the two vena cavas and returns blood from the lower body Inferior vena
cava
21. drains blood from the kidneys renal vein
22. known as the vein of the armpit axillary
23. extends up the inner thigh toward the groin and becomes the external iliac femoral
24. extends along the biceps and merges with the axillary vein cephalic
25. receives blood from the brain, face and neck and returns it to the heart jugular
26. vena cava that returns blood from head, arms, and upper body superior vena cava
27. The two distinct heart sounds, described phonetically as lub and dup, represent?
Closing of AV valves (lub) and SL valves (dub)
28. Trace the sequence the course a nerve impulse would travel through the heart? SA
node – AV node – Bundle of His – Bundle branches – Perkinjie fibers
29. Systole occurs when ventricles contract
30. The heart beat originates in the SA node in right atrium
31. What is the normal heart rate for a young adult? 70 beats/minute
32. The sympathetic nerves controls? Stress/exercise/heart stimulation
33. What is considered the cardioregulatory center medulla
34. The heart rate can be increase by stress or exercise and is accomplished by the
sympathetic nervous system
35. What increases heart rate by releasing hormones adrenal gland
36. the heart muscle relaxes (systole or distole) diastole
37. monitor worn over 24 hour period to detect abnormalities in heartbeat Holter
monitor
38. blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart arteries
39. heart sound produced by blood passing through a valve or opening caused by a
septal defect murmur
40. loss of a state of polarity; loss of a negative charge inside the cell depolarization
41. blood vessels that contain valves veins
42. system that consists of specialized nervelike cardiac cells that initiate and
distribute impulses throughout the heart nodal/intrinsic conduction system
43. smallest blood vessels capillaries
44. blood flow may be obstructed by this type of clot thrombus
45. blocking of the coronary arteries to the heart atherscloerosis
46. detects the flow of electrical impulses throughout the heart electrocardiography
47. short, fat cells that require a continual supply of oxygen cardiac muscle
48. long cylindrical, multi nucleated cells that can contract for long periods of time
even during oxygen deficits skeletal muscle
(P, Q, R, S,T)
49. ventricles contract R
50. negative charge S
51. ventricles return to resting state T
52. impulses start to pass along conducting fibers Q
53. atria contract P
54. list the difference between the tunica intima (interna), media, and externa
Tunica intima (interna) – single layer of epithelium, provides a smooth surface to
facilitate blood flow
Tunica media – bulky middle coat, smooth muscle and elastin (elastic CT)
Tunica externa – supporting protective coat, loosely woven collagen fibers
55. label an artery, vein and capillary and discuss their differences
56. What is a thrombus and how is that different from an embolus? Thrombus is a clot
attached to the vessel wall; embolism is a clot that has broken free and travels through
the system
57. What are varicose veins and how do you get them? Varicose veins are veins whose
valves have collapse, allowing blood to pool and veins to twist. Caused by overwork,
usually lots of standing
58 Characteristics regarding elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries,
and veins
Veins -low pressure
Elastic -aorta
Capillaries -consist of just the tunica intima
Arterioles & venules, capillaries at cellular level -smallest
Medium/muscular -distributing arteries
Veins -blood reservoirs
59. How many routes are there for blood to enter the brain and what is the circle of
Willis? 2 – internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Circle of Willis is complete circle of
connecting blood vessels around base of brain
60. Polycythemic – high or low blood pressure
61. What is a pulmonary embolism and it can be a complication of what? Pulmonary
embolism is a clot that has traveled to lungs. Can be caused by surgery or trauma to
another body part.
Label the nodal system on the heart, ECG wave, Arteries and Veins