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Federal Powers • Expressed Powers – Regulate Commerce and Trade – Foreign Relations, War and Peace – Coin and Print money – Raise and Support Military – Establish Post Offices and Roads – Naturalization and Immigration • Implied Powers (Elastic Clause) State Powers • States had powers prior to the Constitution – Regulate Trade within State – Establish local Government – Conduct Elections and Set Voter Qualifications – Incorporate Businesses, license professionals – Make Marriage Laws • Reserved Powers (10th Amendment) Concurrent Powers • Powers of federal and state governments – Taxation – Borrow Money – Establish Courts – Charter Banks – Enforce Laws and Punish Criminals Supremacy Clause • “This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.” Elastic Clause • “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.” Commerce Clause • “ The Congress shall have power . . . To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes; ” Tenth Amendment • “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Full Faith and Credit Clause • “Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.” General Welfare Clause U.S. Constitution: Article I Section 8: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; Federal Income Tax XVI Amendment “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.” Privileges and Immunities Clause Article IV Section 2 “The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.”