Download How space is explored?

What is Earth Science?
A. EARTH SCIENCE: the study of Earth and its history
B. Earth science is divided into 4 main branches:
1.  Geology: study of the lithosphere
2.  Oceanography: study of oceans
3.  Meteorology: study of weather and climate
4.  Astronomy: study of space
What is astronomy?
A. ASTRONOMY: the study of stars, planets, and other objects in
space
B. Astronomers want to understand the universe and our planet’s
part in the universe.
1.  Space exploration started with its study from earth using
telescopes.
2.  Our study of space now takes place in space using a great
deal of technology.
How space is explored?
A. NASA: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
1.  A federal agency responsible for
exploring space.
2.  NASA works with private companies
to aid in their work of space
exploration.
B. Rocketry is one of NASA’s major
focuses in order to get off earth’s
surface.
1.  ESCAPE VELOCITY: the speed
and direction required to escape
Earth’s gravitational pull.
2.  They must travel at 25,000 mph to
fight earth’s pull, which is 32 times
faster than the speed of sound at
768 mph.
How space is explored?
C. Satellites, probes, landers &
rovers are all other means of
exploration
1.  JPL: Jet Propulsion
Laboratory
2.  A number of NASA’s
engineers work for and
through JPL to design, build
and test vehicles for
exploration.
D. NASA is developing & testing
new vehicles for exploration.
1.  CSTS: Constellation Space
Transportation System
2.  NASA’s focus is to use ISS to
test equipment designed for a
permanent base on the moon
and eventually Mars
How space is explored?
E. HUBBLE TELESCOPE
1.  First large space
telescope launched in
1990
2.  Tasked to view and
document the observable
universe from above the
Earth’s atmosphere
F. KEPLER TELESCOPE
1.  Space observatory
launched in 2009
2.  Tasked to discover Earthsized planets in the
Goldilocks Zone of other
stars
How space is explored?
G. CURIOSITY ROVER
1.  Mars Science Laboratory
launched 2011 and landed
2012
2.  Tasked to robotically explore
the surface of Mars and
determine its past
habitability for for microbes
H. VOYAGER 1 PROBE
1.  Interplanetary space probe
launched in 1977
2.  Primary task was to explore
the outer planets and
beyond
3.  Secondary task is to explore
interstellar space beyond
the influence of the Sun
How space is explored?
I. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)
1.  Orbiting Space Habitat launched in 1998
2.  Tasked as a international, zero-G laboratory, astronomy
platform and testing ground for astronauts and equipment
headed to the Moon and Mars.
What is the universe?
A.  UNIVERSE: the whole of space and everything in it 1.  It is believed to be infinite in volume 2.  The observable universe is a sphere around earth with a radius of 46 billion light years. B.  The universe is ge@ng larger. 1.  There are galaxies moving out and away from earth in every direcCon. 2.  This is evidence of how the universe may have started. a.  BIG BANG THEORY: the universe started as a very dense point known as the SINGULARITY that exploded outward What are some major features of the universe?
A. GALAXY: a large collecAon of stars, dust, and gas that travel through space as one body. 1.  Most galaxies are grouped together close to one another 2.  There are three categories of galaxies: a.  SPIRAL GALAXIES: galaxies shaped like flaFened disks b.  ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES: galaxies shaped like spheres c.  IRREGULAR GALAXIES: galaxies with no definite shape 3.  Galaxies are held together by gravity a. Many galaxies are held by the gravity of black holes What are some major features of the universe?
B. STARS: spheres of gases that give off a lot of energy 1.  Most stars are composed of hydrogen and helium 2.  Stars form from a cloud of gas and dust called NEBULA a.  Gravity causes a nebula to contract and spin b.  The nebula flaJens and becomes a disk c.  A bulge in the center forms a PROTOSTAR d.  ContracCon, temperature, and pressure increase causing nuclear reacCons. A new star is born. 3.  Most stars move through space in large groups called STAR CLUSTERS. 4.  Stars are classified by its surface temperature and brightness. a.  The H-­‐R diagram is used by astronomers to classify stars b.  Most stars fall into a group called the main sequence stars. Where is Earth located in the Universe?
A. The Earth is a planet in the Solar System located in the Milky Way Galaxy. 1.  The Milky Way is a part of a group of galaxies called the Local Group. 2.  The Solar System is located on a branch known as Orion’s Arm. B.  The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. 1.  The center of the galaxy is a massive black hole . 2.  The black hole provides the gravitaConal pull that holds the galaxy together. What are the major parts of the Solar System?
A. SOLAR SYSTEM: a collecAon of astronomical objects held in orbit around the Sun (Sol) by gravity . 1.  The Sun is a medium sized star classified as a yellow dwarf. 2.  The larger objects of the Solar System are 8 planets: a.  INNER PLANETS:. Mercury, Venus, Earth (Terra), Mars b.  OUTER PLANETS: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune B.  There are other major parts of the Solar System. 1.  The Asteroid Belt is a ring of rock, dust, and ice that surrounds the inner planets. 2.  The Kuiper Belt is a ring of mostly ice that lies out on the edge of the Solar System. 3.  Dwarf Planets can be found in the Asteroid & Kuiper Belts. 4.  Moons: natural satellites that orbit a planet 5.  Comets: small objects of ice and dust that have irregular orbits around the Sun How do the inner and outer planets differ?
A. The four inner planets have a number of similariCes: 1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Composed of rock. Small in size Closer to the Sun Surrounded by the Asteroid Belt B.  The four outer planets have a number of similariCes. 1.  Composed of gas 2.  Large in size 3.  Further from the Sun 4.  Outside the Asteroid Belt