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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which is the best description of a carbonyl group?
A) a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double covalent bond
B) an oxygen joined to a carbon by a single covalent bond
C) a carbon joined to two hydrogens by single covalent bonds
D) a sulfur and a hydrogen joined to a carbon by covalent bonds
E) a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds
1)
2) Which of the following people's synthesis of this compound from inorganic starting materials
provided evidence against vitalism?
2)
A) Jakob Berzelius
B) Stanley Miller
C) Friedrich Wohler
D) Hermann Kolbe
E) August Kekulé
3) Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
A) hydroxyl and aldehyde
B) carbonyl and carboxyl
C) carboxyl and amino
D) phosphate and sulfhydryl
E) ketone and aldehyde
3)
4) Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In
what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other?
A) Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.
B) Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula.
C) Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including
four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings.
D) Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon
skeleton.
E) Testosterone and estradiol are geometric isomers but have the same molecular formula.
4)
5) Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?
A) They contain nitrogen.
B) They are found in amino acids.
C) They are basic in pH.
D) They are components of urea.
E) They are nonpolar.
5)
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6) A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional
groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?
A) amino
B) carboxyl
C) sulfhydryl
D) hydroxyl
E) phosphate
6)
7) Which of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
A) an amino acid such as glycine
B) a monosaccharide such as glucose
C) an alcohol such as ethanol
D) a steroid such as testosterone
E) a hydrocarbon such as benzene
7)
8) Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
A) aldehyde
B) amino
C) sulfhydryl
D) carbonyl
8)
E) carboxyl
9) How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C4 H10?
A) 11
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
E) 3
10) Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as
enantiomers, or molecules that
A) lack an asymmetric carbon.
B) have identical three-dimensional shapes.
C) differ in the location of their double bonds.
D) differ in their electrical charge.
E) are mirror images of one another.
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9)
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