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Download 4. Energy continuum
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Section A: Exercise and Sport Physiology 4. Energy continuum Syllabus • The predominant energy system used related to: – The type of exercise – The interchanging between thresholds during an activity • The effect of the level of fitness, availability of oxygen and food fuels, and enzyme control on energy system used Training Effects • ATP-PC System • Anaerobic training OVERLOADS the system • Increases the stores of ATP and PC • Delays the threshold between ATP-PC and Lactic Acid system Training Effects • Lactic Acid System • • • • Anaerobic training OVERLOADS the system Increased tolerance to Lactic Acid Increases store of glycogen Prolongs lactic acid threshold Training Effects • Aerobic System • • • • • Aerobic training Raised storage of glycogen Increased enzyme mobilisation Earlier use of FFAs Prolongs aerobic threshold • Helps delay muscle fatigue by: – Increasing intensity of work before lactic acid too high – Faster removal of lactic acid in recovery A threshold is the point at which one energy system is taken over by another as the predominant system for ATP resynthesis Factors Affecting the Energy Systems Used • Intensity of exercise • Duration of exercise • Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) • Oxygen availability • Fitness level • Enzyme activation level OBLA • Higher intensity exercise • Lactic acid accumulates above resting levels • 4mmol/L • Reach this figure the production of LA exceeds the speed of removal • If intensity of exercise maintained – Lowering blood pH – Inhibit enzyme activity – Muscle fatigue / pain Oxygen availability • If sufficient supply of oxygen present – aerobic • If oxygen supply falls then aerobic threshold met and LA system breaks down glucose anaerobically • High int/Short dur = glucose broken down • Low int/ Long dur = FFAs and glucose broken down Enzyme Activation Level ACTIVATING FACTOR ENZYME ENERGY SYSTEM Increase in ADP Creatine Kinase PC Decrease in PC PFK LA system Increase in adrenalin Decrease in insulin PFK Aerobic Fitness Level • All to do with altering THRESHOLD • Aerobically fit – – – – Use FFA earlier and conserve Glycogen OBLA delayed Untrained reach this point at 50% of VO2 max Trained reach this point at 85% of VO2 max • Anaerobically fit – Increase threshold of both ATP-PC / LA systems – Increase fuel store and tolerance
