Download Unit 12 and 13 Practice Test B

Unit 12&13 Practice Test B
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are
best characterized as
a. deviant.
b. disinhibiting.
c. dysfunctional.
d. disorganized.
e. dissociated.
____
2. Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as
a. deviant.
b. antisocial.
c. dysfunctional.
d. catatonic.
e. atypical.
____
3. Psychiatrists and psychologists would be likely to identify agoraphobia as a psychological disorder
because it is
a. personally dysfunctional.
b. socially unacceptable.
c. ethically unjustifiable.
d. unconsciously motivated.
e. considered immoral.
____
4. ADHD is most clearly characterized by
a. delusions.
b. distractibility.
c. dissociation.
d. hypochondriasis.
e. mania.
____
5. The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections
facilitated the credibility and acceptance of
a. trait theory.
b. psychoanalytic theory.
c. the medical model.
d. DSM-IV-TR.
e. the social-cognitive perspective.
____
6. It would be most difficult to use ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in
Western cultures.
a. the learning perspective
b. the medical model
c. the social-cognitive perspective
d. a biopsychosocial approach
e. psychoanalytic theory
____
7. A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-IV-TR in order to ________ various psychological
disorders.
a. cure
b. prevent
c. excuse
d. explain
e. identify
____
8. One facet of the positive psychology movement has been the introduction of a classification system
designed to aid in the process of
a. assessing human strengths.
b. explaining psychological disorders.
c. reducing current reliance on the DSM-IV-TR.
d. shortening the time it takes to classify psychological disorders.
e. researching the causes of the major psychological disorders.
____
9. When children are told that certain classmates are learning disabled, they may behave in ways that
inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of
a. delusions.
b. the medical model.
c. linkage analysis.
d. self-fulfilling prophecies.
e. the psychoanalytic perspective.
____ 10. Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by
a. delusions.
b. depression.
c. catatonia.
d. antisocial personality disorder.
e. hallucinations.
____ 11. Jeremy experiences so much anxiety about taking the elevator that he climbs 10 flights of stairs to
get to his office each workday. Jeremy appears to suffer from
a. post-traumatic stress disorder.
b. a specific phobia.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
e. generalized anxiety disorder.
____ 12. The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing
rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best
illustrated the symptoms of
a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. schizophrenia.
e. dissociative identity disorder.
____ 13. The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate
symptoms of
a. DID.
b. ADHD.
c. OCD.
d. PTSD.
e. DSM.
____ 14. Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises
demonstrate
a. dissociation.
b. linkage analysis.
c. post-traumatic growth.
d. the medical model.
e. hypochondriasis.
____ 15. A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates
a. a conversion disorder.
b. agoraphobia.
c. stimulus generalization.
d. linkage analysis.
e. somatoform disorder.
____ 16. A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often
reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a
________ perspective.
a. biological
b. humanistic
c. psychoanalytic
d. learning
e. cognitive
____ 17. We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best
explained from a ________ perspective.
a. learning
b. biological
c. psychoanalytic
d. humanistic
e. positive psychology
____ 18. It has been suggested that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to the
survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the ________ perspective.
a. humanistic
b. learning
c. psychoanalytic
d. biological
e. social-cognitive
____ 19. A traumatic experience may trigger a lasting phobia in a child with a sensitive, high-strung
temperament. The same experience, however, may have no long-term impact on a child with a more
relaxed temperament. This best illustrates the role of ________ in the development of phobias.
a. explanatory style
b. catatonia
c. genetic predispositions
d. mood disorders
e. personality disorders
____ 20. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the
a. amygdala.
b. thalamus.
c. hypothalamus.
d. anterior cingulate cortex.
e. brainstem.
____ 21. Freud's efforts to understand and treat psychological disorders stemmed from his puzzlement over
________ disorders.
a. conversion
b. dissociative identity
c. antisocial personality
d. bipolar
e. personality
____ 22. Connie exhibits multiple personalities. Evidence that information learned by her secondary
personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule
out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms.
a. role-playing
b. sexual trauma
c. dissociation
d. motivational conflict
e. childhood abuse
____ 23. A biological perspective would be LEAST helpful for explaining the
a. prevalence of schizophrenia throughout the world.
b. fluctuations in mood experienced by those suffering a bipolar disorder.
c. fear of snakes experienced by a high percentage of Americans.
d. dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past
40 or so years.
e. twin studies indicating high correlations in rates of psychological disorders
between twins raised in different families.
____ 24. Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and
leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of
this disorder.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
learned helplessness
repression
childhood sexual trauma
role-playing
motivational conflict
____ 25. The dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so
years most strongly suggests that symptoms of this disorder involve
a. low self-esteem.
b. illicit drug usage.
c. promiscuous sexual behavior.
d. internal attribution of blame.
e. role-playing.
____ 26. Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder?
a. catatonia
b. bipolar disorder
c. generalized anxiety disorder
d. agoraphobia
e. antisocial personality disorder
____ 27. In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild
overexcitement?
a. conversion disorder
b. bipolar disorder
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder
d. schizophrenia
e. dissociative identity disorder
____ 28. Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by
a. a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
b. the simultaneous experience of delusions of persecution and delusions of grandeur.
c. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently intrude into conscious
awareness.
d. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
e. a chronic lack of guilt feelings.
____ 29. After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become
extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes
irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of
a. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. schizophrenia.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. agoraphobia.
e. somatoform disorder.
____ 30. According to the psychoanalytic perspective, depression results from
a. the internalization of anger.
b.
c.
d.
e.
learned helplessness.
self-defeating attributions.
anxiety disorders.
personality disorders.
____ 31. Of those who talk of suicide ________ actually attempt suicide. Of those who attempt suicide,
________ succeed in completing the act.
a. only a few; most
b. all; most
c. only a few; only a few
d. most; all
e. most; only a few
____ 32. Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)
a. decrease in self-focused thinking.
b. increased expectation of negative outcomes.
c. increased externalization of blame.
d. increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure.
e. decrease in pessimistic explanatory style.
____ 33. Learned helplessness is most closely associated with
a. depression.
b. schizophrenia.
c. compulsions.
d. antisocial personality disorder.
e. dissociative disorders.
____ 34. People who suffer chronic depression are at high risk for experiencing
a. unrealistic optimism.
b. reduced self-awareness.
c. excessive levels of norepinephrine.
d. social rejection.
e. hallucinations and delusions.
____ 35. One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is
a. an expressionless face.
b. loud and meaningless talking.
c. inappropriate laughter.
d. uncontrollable outbursts of rage.
e. feelings of supreme importance and paranoia.
____ 36. Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________
schizophrenia.
a. chronic
b. catatonic
c. acute
d. process
e. disorganized
____ 37. The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder
develops
a. rapidly in response to a stressful life situation.
b. slowly over a period of years.
c. in reaction to abnormalities in brain chemistry.
d. during adolescence or early adulthood.
e. in combination with drug use.
____ 38. People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia than from ________ schizophrenia.
a. acute; reactive
b. paranoid; disorganized
c. chronic; acute
d. reactive; process
e. disorganized; paranoid
____ 39. Drugs that interfere with glutamate receptors would be most likely to produce
a. hallucinations.
b. delusions.
c. flat affect.
d. inappropriate laughter.
e. paranoia.
____ 40. An abnormal shrinkage of cerebral tissue is most likely to be associated with
a. dissociative disorders.
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. post-traumatic stress disorder.
d. personality disorder.
e. schizophrenia.
____ 41. Low birth weight is a known risk factor for
a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. dissociative identity disorder.
c. major depressive disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
e. schizophrenia.
____ 42. If an identical twin has schizophrenia, the co-twin's chances of being similarly affected are only 1 in
10 if they had different
a. placentas.
b. dietary supplements.
c. educational opportunities.
d. childhood friends.
e. attachment styles.
____ 43. If identical twins share a single placenta rather than having separate placentas, their chances of being
similarly affected by ________ are dramatically increased.
a. hypochondriasis
b. schizophrenia
c. a dissociative disorder
d. antisocial personality disorder
e. depression
____ 44. Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that
a. there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
b. almost anybody will develop schizophrenia if exposed to extensive environmental
stress.
c. schizophrenia patients suffer from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
d. if adopted children's adoptive parents have schizophrenia, they will, too.
e. a detached or permissive parenting style may increase chances of schizophrenia in
children.
____ 45. A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by
a. a detachment from social relationships.
b. shallow, attention-getting emotional displays.
c. a sense of self-importance.
d. an insatiable desire for attention.
e. a fear of social rejection.
____ 46. A World Health Organization study of 20 countries estimated that ________ had the highest
prevalence of mental disorders during the prior year.
a. Japan
b. Germany
c. Mexico
d. the United States
e. the United Kingdom
____ 47. Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be
treated with
a. meta-analysis.
b. psychotherapy.
c. aversive conditioning.
d. psychoanalysis.
e. transference.
____ 48. Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients
a. focus on their immediate conscious feelings.
b. feel more trusting toward others.
c. become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
d. develop greater self-esteem.
e. overcome negative conditioned behaviors.
____ 49. During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally
sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as
a. neurogenesis.
b. tardive dyskinesia.
c. transference.
d. resistance.
e. latent.
____ 50. A psychodynamic therapist is most likely to
a. associate patients' undesirable behaviors with unpleasant consequences.
b. help patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
c. suggest interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.
d. recommend the use of antipsychotic drugs during the process of psychotherapy.
e. encourage depressed patients to take more responsibility for their failures.
____ 51. Interpersonal therapy focuses primarily on helping people to
a. stop blaming themselves for their failures.
b. associate relaxation with stressful circumstances.
c. improve their relationship skills.
d. understand the origins of their conflicts.
e. reduce harmful levels of serotonin.
____ 52. Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of
effectively dealing with their difficulties?
a. psychoanalysis
b. cognitive therapy
c. systematic desensitization
d. client-centered therapy
e. meta-analysis
____ 53. Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote
personal growth and self-fulfillment.
a. psychodynamic
b. biomedical
c. behavior
d. humanistic
e. eclectic
____ 54. The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________
therapists.
a. cognitive
b. psychoanalytic
c. behavior
d. humanistic
e. cognitive-behavioral
____ 55. In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an
alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of
a. biomedical therapy.
b. cognitive therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. humanistic therapy.
e. psychodynamic therapy.
____ 56. A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted
responses is called
a. light exposure therapy.
b. transference.
c. counterconditioning.
d. unconditional positive regard.
e. resistance.
____ 57. Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include
a. systematic desensitization and free association.
b. spontaneous recovery and stress inoculation training.
c. unconditional positive regard and transference.
d. aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.
e. token economy and meta-analysis.
____ 58. Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon
as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates
a. counterconditioning.
b. cognitive therapy.
c. transference.
d. aversive conditioning.
e. the placebo effect.
____ 59. In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when a rabbit was
repeatedly presented while Peter was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential
usefulness of
a. stress inoculation training.
b. exposure therapies.
c. aversive conditioning.
d. free association.
e. the placebo effect.
____ 60. Which of the following exemplifies exposure therapy?
a. therapeutic touch
b. family therapy
c. stress inoculation training
d. systematic desensitization
e. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
____ 61. A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.
a. systematic desensitization
b. group therapy
c. electroconvulsive therapy
d. free association
e. drug therapy
____ 62. Systematic desensitization involves
a. depriving a client access to an addictive drug.
b.
c.
d.
e.
associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response.
associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
vigorously challenging clients' illogical ways of thinking.
____ 63. Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of
a. personality disorders.
b. hallucinations.
c. obsessions.
d. depression.
e. phobias.
____ 64. Virtual reality exposure therapy is a form of
a. stress inoculation training.
b. aversive conditioning.
c. systematic desensitization.
d. transference.
e. insight therapy.
____ 65. Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning?
a. unconditional positive regard
b. stress inoculation training
c. virtual reality exposure therapy
d. free association
e. psychoanalysis
____ 66. Which of the following is the best description of behavior modification?
a. Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
b. Clients' illogical ways of thinking are vigorously challenged.
c. Patients' actions are influenced by controlling the consequences of those actions.
d. What a client says during the course of therapy is repeated or rephrased.
e. Attention is focused on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their
therapists.
____ 67. The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles.
a. unconditional positive regard
b. systematic desensitization
c. free association
d. behavior modification
e. psychoanalysis
____ 68. “The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn't respect human
freedom.” This criticism is most likely to be directed at
a. systematic desensitization.
b. cognitive therapy.
c. EMDR.
d. psychoanalysis.
e. a token economy.
____ 69. Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative
interpretations of events?
a. drug therapy
b. client-centered therapy
c. systematic desensitization
d. cognitive therapy
e. light exposure therapy
____ 70. Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and
sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming
himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative
of
a. systematic desensitization.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. client-centered therapy.
e. behavior therapy.
____ 71. Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to
a. associate unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
b. replace negative self-talk with more positive comments.
c. associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
d. establish empathic, caring relationships with others.
e. transfer stresses experienced in childhood without resistance.
____ 72. A famous 12-step program is associated with
a. EMDR.
b. ECT.
c. rTMS.
d. AA.
e. DSM.
____ 73. The most convincing evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from
a. studies of client satisfaction with the treatment received.
b. reports from therapists concerning their perceptions of client improvement.
c. meta-analyses of psychotherapeutic outcome studies.
d. the reactions of family and friends to those who have recently undergone
psychotherapeutic treatment.
e. case-study evidence from Freud and other prominent psychotherapists.
____ 74. Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that
a. psychotherapy is no more effective than talking to a friend.
b. no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.
c. psychotherapy actually harms just as many people as it helps.
d. it is impossible to measure the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
e. cognitive therapies are incompatible with behavioral therapies.
____ 75. Which of the following treatment approaches has received little or no scientific support?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ECT
exposure therapies
energy therapies
aversive conditioning
rTMS
____ 76. Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and an
understanding of patient characteristics best illustrates
a. EMDR.
b. meta-analysis.
c. crisis debriefing.
d. evidence-based practice.
e. client-centered therapy.
____ 77. Rapidly moving one's eyes while recalling traumatic experiences is most descriptive of
a. free association.
b. systematic desensitization.
c. TMS.
d. virtual reality exposure therapy.
e. EMDR.
____ 78. EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of
a. alcohol dependence.
b. bulimia.
c. depression.
d. anxiety.
e. schizophrenia.
____ 79. Light exposure therapy sparks activity in a brain region that influences
a. the body's arousal.
b. tardive dyskinesia.
c. animal magnetism.
d. facilitated communication.
e. meta-analysis.
____ 80. The psychotherapeutic value of hope is best illustrated by
a. meta-analysis.
b. the placebo effect.
c. systematic desensitization.
d. transference.
e. active listening.
____ 81. Which of the following is most clearly a key contributor to the formation of the therapeutic alliance?
a. progressive relaxation
b. an eclectic approach
c. patient transference
d. an empathic therapist
e. free association
____ 82. Although Albert Ellis and Allen Bergin disagree about the value of self-sacrifice and marital fidelity,
as professional therapists they both agree that
a. psychotherapists should not reveal their personal values to clients.
b. personal values do not affect professional assessments of therapeutic outcomes.
c. psychological research should not be used to inform therapists' values.
d. psychotherapists' personal values influence their practice of therapy.
e. psychotherapists should combine cognitive and biomedical therapies.
____ 83. Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory
hallucinations and paranoia?
a. lithium
b. Xanax
c. Thorazine
d. Prozac
e. Ativan
____ 84. Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic drug that reduces paranoia and hallucinations by
a. reducing involuntary muscle movements.
b. dampening responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli.
c. decreasing the availability of norepinephrine.
d. elevating arousal and mood.
e. restoring the balance of serotonin.
____ 85. Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be
associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.
a. antidepressant
b. antipsychotic
c. mood-stabilizing
d. antianxiety
e. psychodynamic
____ 86. Which drug sometimes helps patients exhibiting negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as apathy
and withdrawal?
a. Clozaril
b. Prozac
c. Xanax
d. lithium
e. Paxil
____ 87. Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?
a. antipsychotic drugs
b. antianxiety drugs
c. antidepressant drugs
d. mood-stabilizing drugs
e. dissociative drugs
____ 88. Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help
a. Cynthia give up her irrational belief that her husband is a foreign government spy.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cassius get rid of his suicidal thoughts and feelings of apathy and hopelessness.
Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
Bradan discontinue his habit of smoking more than three packs of cigarettes a day.
Martha channel her fearlessness in more productive directions.
____ 89. D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of
a. schizophrenia.
b. bipolar disorder.
c. antisocial personality.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
e. major depressive disorder.
____ 90. Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life. The
drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is
a. Ativan.
b. Prozac.
c. Xanax.
d. Thorazine.
e. Risperdal.
____ 91. Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of
a. dopamine and acetylcholine.
b. serotonin and dopamine.
c. acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
d. norepinephrine and serotonin.
e. thorazine and dopamine.
____ 92. One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased
availability of serotonin seems to promote
a. increased metabolic rates.
b. tardive dyskinesia.
c. decreased norepinephrine levels.
d. neurogenesis.
e. transference.
____ 93. One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is
a. aerobic exercise.
b. psychosurgery.
c. virtual reality exposure therapy.
d. EMDR.
e. DSM.
____ 94. A natural return to a state of psychological health following an extended period of depression
illustrates
a. neurogenesis.
b. counterconditioning.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. tardive dyskinesia.
e. transference.
____ 95. Inflated estimates of the value of antidepressant drugs are in large part due to the fact that patient
recovery often results from
a. the therapeutic touch.
b. the double-blind procedure.
c. the placebo effect.
d. meta-analysis.
e. stress inoculation training.
____ 96. Which of the following procedures is most likely to result in a loss of memory?
a. aversive conditioning
b. the double-blind procedure
c. systematic desensitization
d. electroconvulsive therapy
e. psychopharmacology
____ 97. Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the cortex.
a. DNA
b. lithium
c. electrodes
d. stem cells
e. rTMS
____ 98. Deep-brain stimulation has been reported to provide relief from
a. dissociative disorders.
b. phobias.
c. schizophrenia.
d. depression.
e. conversion disorders.
____ 99. Treating the mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take
a ________ approach to therapy.
a. biopsychosocial
b. classical conditioning
c. psychoanalytic
d. client-centered
e. cognitive-behavioral
____ 100. Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components
of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Essay
psychopharmacology.
systematic desensitization.
unconditional positive regard.
therapeutic life-style change.
electroconvulsive therapy.
1. Many treatments for psychological disorders are based on one of the following psychological
perspectives: psychoanalytic, learning, or biological. Define each of the following concepts and
explain which of the three perspectives the concept is based on.
• Electroconvulsive therapy
• Transference
• Token economy
• Systematic desensitization
• Resistance
• Psychopharmacology
Unit 12&13 Practice Test B
Answer Section
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Page 578 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
Page 578 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
Page 578 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
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Page 581 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
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Page 593 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
41.
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ANS:
ANS:
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ANS:
E
A
B
A
A
D
B
C
D
C
C
D
D
C
C
C
D
A
B
D
A
D
E
C
C
C
D
E
D
C
B
D
C
B
C
D
E
D
A
B
D
D
C
B
B
A
B
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Easy
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Easy
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
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Page 593 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
Page 594 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
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Page 599 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
Page 605 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 606 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 607 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 608 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 608 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Page 630 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
88.
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100.
ANS:
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ANS:
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ANS:
C
D
B
D
D
A
C
C
D
C
D
A
D
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Medium
Easy
Medium
Medium
REF:
REF:
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Page 630 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 630 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 630 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 630 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 630 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 631 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 631 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Page 633 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 635 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Page 636 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 636 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
ESSAY
1. ANS:
Point 1: Electroconvulsive therapy: Students should define electroconvulsive therapy as a technique
that involves delivering a short (20–60 second) shock to the client's brain. These shock treatments
may help alleviate depression that does not respond to other treatments. Students should also explain
that this treatment is based on the biological perspective because it assumes that depression can be
treated through the changes in the brain produced by electroconvulsive therapy.
Point 2: Transference: Students should define transference as the strong positive or negative feelings
patients may feel about the psychoanalyst that reflect similar unconscious feelings repressed from
earlier relationships. Students should also explain that this treatment is based on the psychoanalytic
perspective because it involves the impact of unconscious feelings or anxieties (the positive or
negative feelings experienced earlier) on current behavior (reaction toward the psychoanalyst).
Point 3: Token Economy: Students should define token economy as a behavior modification
technique that involves “tokens” that can be exchanged for rewards (such as candy or TV time).
Therapists give these tokens to clients when they perform desired behaviors. Students should also
explain that this treatment is based on the learning perspective because it assumes that clients'
behaviors are controlled by rewards for desired behaviors.
Point 4: Systematic desensitization: Students should define systematic desensitization as a classical
conditioning technique involving the gradual exposure of a client to feared behaviors, step-by-step,
starting with situations that cause low levels of anxiety and gradually progressing to more intense
situations. Students should also explain that this treatment is based on the learning perspective
because it assumes that clients' anxieties can be gradually reduced through exposure to each
situation.
Point 5: Resistance: Students should define resistance as episodes in which the patient omits or
forgets events, pauses, or changes the subject during discussions with the psychoanalyst. Students
should also explain that this treatment is based on the psychoanalytic perspective because the
concept of resistance depends on the idea that the patient's behavior is driven by an unconscious
desire to avoid specific thoughts or memories.
Point 6: Psychopharmacology: Students should define psychopharmacology as the study of the
effects of drugs on thinking and behavior. Students should also explain that this treatment is based
on the biological perspective because it assumes that behavior can be changed through the changes
in brain chemistry produced by psychoactive drugs.
REF: Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders