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CHAPTER 13 LESSON 3 The Renaissance Spreads Lesson 3 The Renaissance Spreads TERMS & NAMES In this lesson, you will learn about the spread of Renaissance ideas throughout northern Europe. • William Shakespeare famous English playwright and poet of the Northern Renaissance • Elizabethan Age term referring to rule of Elizabeth I of England • Johann Gutenberg a German who invented the printing press • printing press machine that used movable type to make copies of pages • vernacular the native language of a people AS YOU READ Use this chart to take notes about the achievements of the Northern Renaissance. Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company Albrecht .. Durer William Shakespeare Johann Gutenberg The Renaissance Moves North (pages 445–446) Why did the Renaissance spread north? During the late 1400s, Renaissance ideas began to spread north from Italy to countries such as France, Germany, Spain, and England. There were several reasons why this occurred. One reason was the growth of cities across northern Europe. These cities attracted many merchants, traders, and artists. These groups brought with them the ideas and styles of the Renaissance. The growth of cities also helped to create a wealthy merchant class in the north. These merchants supported numerous artists and writers and encouraged them to create. The governments of northern Europe also supported the arts. England and France were unified countries ruled by strong monarchs. Many of these rulers took an interest in the arts. As a result, they purchased many paintings. They also provided financial support to many artists and writers. CHAPTER 13 BEFORE YOU READ Interaction between Italian artists and those to the north also helped the Renaissance to spread. In the late 1400s, a war broke out between kingdoms in Italy. Because of this, many Italian artists fled to the safety of northern Europe. There, they shared their new styles and techniques. Artists from northern Europe also traveled to Italy and learned all they could. They then brought Renaissance ideas back to their homelands. 1. How did European monarchs help encourage the Renaissance? Chapter 13, Lesson 3 Reading Study Guide wh07rsg-0713.indd 115 115 10/4/05 2:00:04 PM READING STUDY GUIDE CONTINUED (pages 446–448) How did the Northern and Italian Renaissance differ? The Northern Renaissance produced a second wave of talented painters, writers, and scholars. They made significant advances in the arts and learning. The Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance differed in several ways. For one thing, Italian scholars valued classical learning. Northern European scholars did not value such learning as much. In addition, northern European artists produced a more realistic, detailed style. One figure who stood out for his realistic and detailed works was the German artist Albrecht Dürer. Besides paintings, Dürer also created many woodcuts. Jan Van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel the Elder were two great Flemish painters. (Flemish refers to someone who came from a region of northwest Europe called Flanders. Flanders is now in Belgium.) Van Eycks’s paintings contain tiny details and bright colors. The paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder show everyday scenes. These paintings also show many details. Talented writers also helped to shape the Northern Renaissance. One of these writers was the Englishman William Shakespeare. Many consider him to be the greatest writer who ever lived. Shakespeare became one of the more popular playwrights in England. He wrote comedies, tragedies, and history plays. Shakespeare wrote during a time in England known as the Elizabethan Age. The period was named after Queen Elizabeth I. She ruled from 1558 to 1603. Elizabeth promoted the Renaissance spirit in England. 2. 116 Who were some of the key figures of the Northern Renaissance? Chapter 13, Lesson 3 Reading Study Guide Advances in Science and Technology (pages 448–450) How did the Renaissance affect areas outside the arts? Thinkers made advances in many fields during the Italian and Northern Renaissances. These fields included mathematics, science, and technology. In mathematics, scholars advanced the study of algebra. Renaissance scientists developed new theories on the universe. Scholars made advances in anatomy, the study of the human body. They also made advances in cartography, or map-making. Renaissance Europe witnessed many technological advances as well. During the mid-1400s, a German named Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press. The printing press was a machine that pressed paper against a full tray of inked movable type. The result was an identical copy of the page. The printing press had a huge impact on European society. Before, printers had to spend months handwriting copies of books. Now, they could produce hundreds of books quickly. The increase of books encouraged more people to learn how to read. It also helped to spread Renaissance ideas more quickly than ever. The printing press also encouraged more authors to write in the vernacular, or their native language. Before this, most authors wrote mainly in Latin. Latin was the language of ancient Rome and the well-educated. Now, many more people wanted to read. As a result, authors wrote to people in their own language. One effect of this was the translation of the Bible into many different languages. 3. How did the printing press help to spread Renaissance ideas? Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company CHAPTER 13 Northern Artists and Writers