Download Electricity and Magnetism Unit

Electricity and
Magnetism Unit
What is an
atom?
• A tiny building
block of matter
• Electron: negative
charge; can move
freely between
atoms
• Proton: positive
charge
• Neutron: no
charge
• A neutral atom
has a balance of
protons and
electrons
Parts of an Atom
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/atoms.htm
Electrons are the
smallest of the particles
that make up an atom.
They are found in shells
that surround/orbit
around the nucleus. The
nucleus is the center of
the atom. It is
composed of protons
and neutrons.
First 10 Elements – Properties & Examples
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_intro.html
Element
(Symbol)
Protons (+)
Electrons (-)
Neutrons (0)
Example
Type of Matter
Hydrogen (H)
1
1
0
Sun, Stars,
Water
Gas
Helium (He)
2
2
2
Balloons
Gas
Lithium (Li)
3
3
4
Watch
Batteries
Solid
Beryllium
(Be)
4
4
5
Emeralds
Solid
Boron (B)
5
5
6
Heat-Resistant
Glass
Solid
Carbon (C)
6
6
6
Plants and
Animals
Solid
Nitrogen (N)
7
7
7
Atmosphere &
Ammonia
Gas
Oxygen (O)
8
8
8
Air & Water
Gas
Fluorine (F)
9
9
10
Toothpaste &
Rocket Fuel
Gas
Neon (Ne)
10
10
10
Signs
Gas
Summary
• Atoms are tiny particles that make up all matter
• The nucleus is at the center of the atom and is
made up of protons and neutrons
• Electrons circle around the nucleus
• When two or more atoms combine it’s called a
molecule
• If the atoms that combine are all the same, it’s an
element. If the atoms are different, it’s called a
compound
Review with BrainPop
Atoms
Periodic Table of Elements
What is Electricity?
• A form of energy that comes from the
movement of electrons; electric energy
• Cause: the movement of electrons
• Static Electricity: the build up of electric
charge on an object
• Static Discharge: the loss of electric charge
http://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_intro.html
How an Atom becomes charged…
• The atom itself has no charge
– It is neutral
• Electron’s move freely between atoms
• An atom with more protons than electrons is
positively charged
• An atom with more electrons than protons is
negatively charged
Positive charge next to a Negative charge
• Objects with unlike charges pull together,
attract
– Example: clothes when they come out of the dryer
with static cling
Lightening
• A very strong static discharge
• Lightning Safety
– Go indoors right away
– Don’t use the telephone or computer
– If you can’t go indoors, stay away from high places
and open fields
– Stay away from water
– Never go under a tree
During a lightning strike, electrons
jump from cloud to the ground.
BrainPop
Thunderstorms
Current Electricity
• Current Electricity: the steady flow of electric charge;
electric current
– Example: anything plugged into walls or runs on batteries
• Conductors: a material through which current electricity
passes easily (ex: metal)
• Insulators: a material through which current electricity does
not pass easily (ex: nonmetal – glass, rubber, plastic, air)
Electric Circuits
3 Parts of an Electric Circuit
1. A source of electric charge, such as a battery
2. A device, such as a light bulb, that needs
electric energy to work
3. Wire that links the source of charge and the
device in a loop
Series Circuit
• A circuit that has only one path for electric
current to flow.
• If you switch off one of the devices, the circuit
is open and current will not flow.
Parallel Circuit
• A circuit that has more than one path for
electric current to flow. (ex: house wiring)
Review with:
Magic School Bus
Season 4
Episode 9
BrainPop
Current Electricity
Electric Circuits
Static Electricity
• Magnet: an object that attracts the metals
iron, cobalt, and nickel
• Magnetism: the force of a magnet
• Magnetic field: the area around a magnet
where its magnetism acts
• Electromagnet: a temporary magnet made
when electric current flows through a wire coil
wrapped around an iron or steel core
BrainPop
Electromagnets
Energy Resources
• Generators: a machine that uses motion energy
to make electric current
• How a generator works:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Motion energy from a turbine turns a wire coil
The wire coil spins within a magnetic field
As the coil spins, electric current is made
Electric current moves to metal rings
The rings spin against brushes
Electricity moves from the brushes to wires
The wires carry electric energy away to the places
where it will be used
• Fossil fuels: a fuel that formed over millions of
years from the buried remains of plants and
animals; coal, oil, and natural gas
• Nonrenewable resource: an energy resource that
cannot be replaced easily once it is used up
• Renewable resource: an energy resource that can
be replaced easily or cannot be used up
BrainPop
Fossil Fuels
Natural Resources