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Note-taking continued
Lesson 1 Fossil Evidence of Evolution
LA.6.2.2.3, MA.6.A.3.6, SC.7.L.15.1, SC.7.L.15.3, SC.7.N.1.1
Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson. Identify or predict three facts
you will learn from the lesson. Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.
The Fossil Record
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189
Characterize the fossil record.
.
Millions of
Study Guide
Inquiry Lab
Inquiry Lab
Chapter Review
Study Guide
Benchmark Practice
Chapter Review
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.
.
.
.
Explanation of the Process
Mineralization
Minerals from water replace an
organism’s original material and
harden into rock.
Carbonization
A dead organism is compressed, and
pressure forces out its liquids and
gases; only a carbon outline of the
organism remains.
Molds and casts
An organism’s hard parts leave an
impression in sediment that hardens
into a mold; if sediment later fills the
mold, it forms a fossil copy, or cast.
Trace fossils
Evidence of animal movement or
behavior, such as footprints, are
preserved in mud, filled with
sediment, and harden.
Original material
Actual tissue of an organism is
preserved in the absence of oxygen
(encased in ice, amber, or tar, for
example).
The Environment and Change Over Time
The Environment and Change Over Time
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Formation
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Benchmark Practice
Examine how fossils form.
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how species change
over time
no longer alive
Fossil Formation
fossils ever
discovered
Evidence of
Thousands of species,
most of which are
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fossils
All the
Fossil Record
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Lesson 1 | Fossil Evidence of Evolution (continued)
Determining a
Fossil’s Age
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Contrast relative-age dating with absolute-age dating.
192
.
Relative-Age
Dating
• less precise
• more precise
• scientists compare
• scientists use
ages of rocks by the
order in which their
layers formed
• shows relative order in which
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Era
Cenozoic
65
Cretaceous
Jurassic
144
Triassic
245
Permian
290
Carboniferous
354
Devonian
417
Silurian
443
Ordovician
490
Cambrian
543
206
Proterozoic
2,500
Archean
Hadean
3,100
4,550
Chapter Review
Relate types of fossils found in different rock layers to the geologic
time scale.
Chapter Review
When fossils in one rock layer did not appear in the older
rock layer below or the younger layer above, scientists
used the change to define the breaks in geologic time.
The Environment and Change Over Time
The Environment and Change Over Time
Benchmark Practice
Benchmark Practice
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1.8
Tertiary
Study Guide
Quaternary
Study Guide
.
MYA
Inquiry Lab
Paleozoic
Period
Inquiry Lab
Mesozoic
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igneous rocks
Order the divisions of the geologic time scale.
Phanerozoic
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• best measured in
.
Eon
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radioactive decay to
determine a rock’s age
in years
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Fossils over Time
Dating
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species have appeared
over time
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Absolute-Age
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Lesson 1 | Fossil Evidence of Evolution (continued)
Extinctions
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Relate changes in the fossil record to mass extinctions.
.
Fossil Record
Changes
.
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Inquiry Lab
Study Guide
Diagram causes and effects of environmental change.
Organisms
depend on the
Environment
environment
Changes
for food and
shelter.
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.
Many species
died off in a
relatively short
period of time.
Animals can’t
find resources
they need to
survive.
Quickly
Example:
Gradually
Example:
meteorite
impact
tectonic plate
movement
Result:
extinction
Evaluate how fossils provide scientists with evidence for
biological evolution.
Fossils show changes over time in populations of related
organisms.
Chapter Review
Summarize how the fossil record provides evidence of both extinctions
and biological evolution. Explain why it is important to look at fossils from multiple
rock layers at the same time to reach conclusions.
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: Extinctions are evidenced by the
disappearance of fossils of a species from one rock layer to the next. Evolution is
evidenced by the gradual progression of organisms’ changed body structures
Benchmark Practice
Benchmark Practice
Chapter Review
Synthesize It
throughout the fossil record, from one layer to the next. In both cases, one must look
at multiple rock layers at the same time to make comparisons.
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The Environment and Change Over Time
The Environment and Change Over Time
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Study Guide
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evidence
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Inquiry Lab
Note-taking
Collections of
fossils present in
one layer of rocks
are not present in
the next.
Mass Extinctions