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Transcript
Module 22 Module 22: Drugs Psychoactivity and Dependence Psychoactive Drug A chemical substance that alters perceptions, mood, or behavior 3 common psychoactive drugs: Caffeine Alcohol Nicotine Induce an altered state of consciousness Dependence A state of physiological and/or psychological need for a drug. Withdrawal follows if the drug is discontinued. Physical Dependence vs. Psychological Dependence Physical dependence caused by repeated usage that changes body chemistry Psychological dependence a pattern of habitual or compulsive use of a drug in order to satisfy a psychological need Withdrawal The discomfort and distress that follow when a person who is dependent on a drug discontinues using. Withdrawal symptoms are usually the reverse of the drug’s effects. Tolerance Reduced responsiveness to a drug Prompting the user to increase the dosage To achieve effects previously obtained by lower doses of the drug Neurotransmission Neurons communicate with each other. In the brain and spinal cord; helps explain the effects of psychoactive drugs. Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neurotransmission. Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons. Released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, setting up the next link in the chain of communication. Synapse The junction between the tip of the sending neuron and the receptor sites on the receiving neuron. Call the synaptic gap or cleft. Neural Activity Video time…. Dr. Drew Video on Drug abuse, addiction and dependency. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=FEE877896A5D-44B2-80206AC25A991C2B&blnFromSearch=1& productcode=DHC Hooked, Addiction Trap Part 1: 25 minutes http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=A9EAF0C286A9-468B-863ACBA8ABA61E5A&blnFromSearch=1& productcode=US Hooked, Addiction Trap Part 2: 28 minutes http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=6026E33DECC4-467A-A6634C75029D70B9&blnFromSearch=1&p roductcode=US Hooked, Addiction Trap Part 3: 28 minutes http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=39B480987053-4FFA-8E84C7A6509186B8&blnFromSearch=1&p roductcode=US Module 22: Drugs Drug Classifications Five Psychoactive Drug Categories Five different categories we will study: Depressants Opiates Stimulants Hallucinogens Marijuana Module 22: Drugs Drug Classifications: Depressants Depressants Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functioning. Includes: Alcohol Sedatives Barbiturates Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) Found in beer, wine, and liquor The second most used psychoactive drug (caffeine first) Slows thinking, and impairs physical activity Video time… Alcohol… http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=C9175FBA-5FD44268-94889CC6D0331B93&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=DHC Teen’s talk about why they drink http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=B2FC7A050442-44C9-A003A4CA35592C39&blnFromSearch=1& productcode=US Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) A measure of how much alcohol is in a person’s bloodstream BAC of .08 considered legal intoxication in most states Men vs. Women? Effects on the brain, alcohol Impairs: The parts responsible for controlling inhibitions and making judgments. Memory by suppressing the processing of events into long term memory. REM sleep, further disrupting memory storage. Consequences of Chronic Drinking Heart disease High blood pressure Brain damage Cirrhosis of the liver Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Video time… http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=D5827E1C-A24F4B14-ADB1648B35B701C8&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=DHC Treatment of Alcoholism Detoxification/ abstinence syndrome Disulfuram/Anabuse Alcoholics Anonymous Behavior therapy, aversion therapy, instruction in social skills Video time… http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=C9175FBA-5FD44268-94889CC6D0331B93&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=DHC Traci Gonzales Koren’s Story Sedatives Prescribed drugs by doctors Reduce anxiety or induce sleep Also called tranquilizers Include barbiturates and benzodiazepines Ambien Barbiturates Calming or sedating; used to regulate high blood pressure, block pain during surgery, and control epileptic seizures Can be lethal in overdose Interact dangerously with other drugs, especially alcohol Impair both memory and judgment They are highly addictive and used on the street to produce euphoria Benzodiazepines …without most of the side effects associated with barbiturates Include Valium and Xanax Can create dependency Short term for anxiety and insomnia Rohypnol “Date Rape Drug” Produces amnesia or lose consciousness in the occasional user White tablet, RH Colorless, tasteless, odorless, dissolves quickly 10-15 minutes Five Psychoactive Drug Categories Five different categories we will study: Depressants Opiates Stimulants Hallucinogens Marijuana Module 22: Drugs Drug Classifications: Opiates Opiates Depress neural activity, temporarily lesson pain and anxiety. Called narcotics. Derived from the Poppy plant Include: opium, morphine, codeine and heroin Morphine Works by preventing pain neurons from firing or releasing pain-signaling neurotransmitters into the synapse. Endorphins Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure Body’s natural pain killers Ways to release Endorphins? Heroin Insatiable cravings of dependence with repeated use and abuse. Tolerance develops quickly Withdraw symptoms: Intense pain Hyperventilation Depression Explosive diarrhea Thousands die each year from overdoses just to avoid the agony. Heroin & Balloons Make liquid form then inject… Other Narcotics… Codeine Demerol Percodan Darvon Oxycontin Methadone Five Psychoactive Drug Categories Five different categories we will study: Depressants Opiates Stimulants Hallucinogens Marijuana Module 22: Drugs Drug Classifications: Stimulants Stimulants Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions Include: caffeine, nicotine, ecstasy, amphetamines, and cocaine Stimulants can cause psychological and physiological dependence Stimulant found in coffee, chocolate, tea, and some soft drinks Provides user with a sense of increased energy, mental alertness, and forced wakefulness Blocks neurological receptor sites that, if activated, sedate the central nervous system http://abcnews.go.com/Health/stor y?id=6863173&page=1 Nicotine Stimulant found in tobacco Effects similar to those of caffeine Very addictive and does not stay in the body very long Healthy vs. Unhealthy… To Love a Smoker… http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidA ssetId=45904FD5-FA5D-4E10-935339399B9108C3&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US A Healthy Respiratory System http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidA ssetId=7B731D54-8E81-4981-B0E2871E84903138&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=DHC Cocaine Stimulant derived from leaves of the coca plant Snorted, injected, ingested Crack – cocaine crystals Blocks neurotransmitters Dependency is quick and severe; places extreme strain on cardiovascular system Cocaine Freebase Smoking Pipe Amphetamines Speeding up body functions, with associated energy and mood changes Not found in nature Mimic adrenaline Restlessness, loss of appetite, agitation, insomnia Includes: speed, methamphetamines and uppers. Methamphetamine Crank, Speed, Rock, Ice, Beige Powder Injected, smoked, snorted HIGHLY ADDICTIVE http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/faces/index.html Meth reduces the amount of protective saliva around the teeth. Meth users also consume excess sugared, carbonated soft drinks, tend to neglect personal hygiene, grind their teeth and clench their jaws, leading to what is commonly called “meth mouth.” Teeth can eventually fall out. http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/vi ew.php3?type=article&article_id=2183 92428 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontli ne/meth/view/ Five Psychoactive Drug Categories Five different categories we will study: Depressants Opiates Stimulants Hallucinogens Marijuana Module 22: Drugs Drug Classifications: Hallucinogens Hallucinogens Drugs that produce bizarre perceptions in the absence of corresponding sensory input. Include: LSD and ecstasy Sometimes called “psychedelics” Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Users can be dangerous to themselves/others. Acid Trip, “Trippin” Timothy Leary & Ken Kesey Time distortions, anxiety, panic, “bad trips”, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, flasbacks Pleasant, unpleasant, nightmarish, deadly!! Ecstasy Hallucinogenic drug that produces lower inhibitions, pleasant feelings, and greater acceptance of others Also called MDMA Even moderate users may experience permanent brain damage. Other Hallucinogens Psilocybin: Magic Mushrooms PCP: Angel Dust Inhalants: Rush Cause frightening hallucinations, feelings of rage or paranoia. Experience a dramatic increase in strength Five Psychoactive Drug Categories Five different categories we will study: Depressants Opiates Stimulants Hallucinogens Marijuana Module 22: Drugs Drug Classifications: Marijuana Marijuana Derived from cannabis plant Leaves, stems, resin, and flowers form the hemp plant that, when smoked, lower inhibitions and produce feelings of relaxation and mild euphoria THC is the active ingredient Risks of Marijuana Most widely used illicit drug Increases heart rate & blood pressure Impairs motor skills, coordination, memory & learning Temporary pleasures… long term cost! Smoke is harder on your lungs Accelerated brain cell loss Long term impaired memory Suppressed immune system Every hair is damaged!!! http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index. cfm?guidAssetId=5118B49A-BF17-47A5AA811794ED8C75E6&blnFromSearch=1&produc tcode=DHC http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index. cfm?guidAssetId=C36D6B66-E175-437295AD07BEE2B06AA2&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=DHC High School Drug Use (Johnston & others, 2002) Study shows…. Alcohol and tobacco rank among the ten most dangerous substances used by humans. More dangerous than drugs like marijuana or ecstasy. 3 factors were considered in ranking the harmfulness: Physical harm to the user Addictive potential of the drug Drug's overall impact on society Ten most dangerous substances were deemed: Heroin - popular street names include smack, junk. Cocaine - often referred to as snow, flake, coke, and blow. Barbiturates - yellow jackets, reds, blues, Amy's, and rainbows. Street Methadone Alcohol Ketamine - a powerful hallucinogen, referred to as Special K. Benzodiazepines - a family of sedative drugs. Amphetamines - known as greenies among baseball players. Tobacco Buprenorphine - also called bupe or subbies. Remaining drugs assessed: Cannabis - includes marijuana. Solvents - volatile substances that can be inhaled, such as glue, nail polish remover, paints, hair spray, and lighter fuel 4-MTA - derivative of amphetamine, similar effects to ecstasy. LSD Methylphenidate - central nervous system stimulant, ritalin. Anabolic steroids GHB - short for Gamma hydroxybutyrate, a powerful central nervous system depressant, known as the date rape drug. Ecstasy Alkyl nitrates - group of drugs commonly referred to as poppers. Khat - an amphetamine-like stimulant. Drugs end lives… http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=C9175FBA-5FD44268-94889CC6D0331B93&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=DHC The END Neurotransmitters and the Synapse Inhalants Amyl & butyl nitrite/nitrate Correction fluid Hydrocarbons/ gasoline, glue, paint thinner, rubber cement Common Barbiturates Amobarbital Phenobarbital Secobarbital Methaqualone (brand names— Quaalude and Sopor; street names include “ludes” and “soprs”) is a sedative that has effects similar to those of barbiturates www.drugfree.org www.gdcada.org www.nicd.us www.drugs.indiana.edu