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11/15/2011 The Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) THE GOOD?? From 221 BCE to 220 CE The Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) THE BAD??? Summer 2011 1 11/15/2011 Summer 2008 March 2008 2 11/15/2011 The End of the Qin Dynasty (just because it’s a great story) Qin Shi Huangdi feared death Elixir of life 100s sent searching for the mountain of 8 immortals. They never returned. No elixir = death. Several assassination attempts slept in different rooms every night & found body doubles! Died Sept. 10, 210 BCE after taking mercury pills created to achieve immortality. Was two months away from the capital (Eastern China) Death was not known until he had returned. No will had been made. Fake will to keep eldest son off the throne (Confucianist leanings) Will asked first son to commit suicide to honor his father. Second son became Er Shi Huangdi Revolts erupted quickly Imperial palace and state archives were burned Liu Bang’s army took the capital and started the Han Dynasty. Summer 2011 3 11/15/2011 The Former Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 2 CE) A Civil War followed the Qin Dynasty First Emperor’s tomb Liu Bang (peasant) emerged as the first emperor (Emperor Gao) of the Han Dynasty Government Kept Qin administrative structure Combined Legalist methods with Dao philosophic ideals Peace with northern border tribes (Xiongnu) by paying tribute and marrying princesses to them. Goal at this time: End harsh laws, wars, conditions of Qin dynasty, external threats, and internal conflicts. Taxes reduced. Military similar to Qin Standing army 300,000 to 1,000,000 All men 20-56 drafted – one year training/ one year battle The Former Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 2 CE) Could be recalled at any time The Former Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 2 CE) Emperor Wu di Confucian State created (felt Daoism was not suitable) Strongest Han Emperor: Emperor Wu or Wudi 7th Emperor (141-87 BCE) Territorial expansion: much of Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Central Asia became part of China. Forced open a corridor through Gansu toward Turkestan protected by 700,000 soldiers Silk Road Opened; Buddhism introduced Most Prosperous: agriculture, handicrafts, commerce, population growth Combined Legalist methods with Confucian ideals. Started the elite Imperial Academy to teach future administrators the Confucian classics (requirement) Only 50 men could attend at first, by later Han: 30,000 Men Civil Service exam lasted until 1905 Confucian Scholars became part of the upper class (Meritocracy) Social hierarchy placed farmers below them, then artisans, then merchants. Eventually the Han had conflicts with Confucian Scholars too Gov’t monopolies on salt, alcohol, etc. upset Confucian Scholars. First census of China History: importance of tradition! Sima Tan & Sima Qian 4 11/15/2011 Han Dynasty Terracotta Warriors Emperor Jing di father of Emperor Wu Influence of the Han Dynasty People of the Han/ 95% Han/ Han Chinese From your outline & this ppt.… what was the Influence of the Han? Make a P.E.R.S.I.A. chart! One Han Invention not in your book Seismograph! Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual innovations: Artistic: 5 11/15/2011 The Interregnum (2-26 CE) Took place after 200 years of Han Rule Wang Mang Confucian scholar Wanted to create the perfect Confucian society. 1 BCE appointed Regent to Emperor Ping (9 years old) Married his daughter to Ping and when Ping died (poisoned at age 13) he claimed himself as emperor At first he was seen as a good ruler, then things changed! Angered Merchants and landowners with his idealistic policies Took their land to redistribute to the poor. Opened public granary. The Later Han (26 – 220 CE) Capital moved to the South for protection Merchants and landlords became rich Peasants heavily exploited Lived as serfs Hid from taxes and conscription in the estates of the wealthy Landlord’s disloyalty hurt the empire as the tax and labor base “disappeared” Mistakes Invited barbarians to settle south of the Wall Dealt poorly with the Xiongnu leading to breakdown in diplomatic Men for Army; intermarriage to sinicize them. relations 2-5 CE: Yellow River (Huang He) changed course. Barbarians learned language, culture, administration,& military Peasants faced famines, epidemics, floods, and migration Wang Mang was killed in a peasant rebellion. techniques. Gave gifts of silk to barbarians so they would not invade. The Later Han (26 – 220 CE) The End of the Han Peasant revolts began 184 CE: Revolt of the Yellow Turbans Started by a Daoist healer who claimed a new era would begin with the fall of the Han Suppressed but inspired other revolts Factions struggled for power in the palace 1. Emperor (young Child; bureaucrats, advisors, palace guards) 2. Eunuchs (2000 Castrated men, loyal to emperor and women of the court) Murdered by the court 3. Women of the court & their families (many wives and concubines; fierce competition). 220 CE: Last Han Emperor abdicated; land split among rival landlords. 6