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Growth of a Nation, Unit 5 Above Level The Cold War and the Space Race By Maureen Blaney Flietner Summary When World War II ended, the United States and the Soviet Union took part in the Cold War. The United States wanted its allies and other countries to be free, while the Soviet Union wanted to defend itself by imposing communist rule over its bordering countries in Eastern Europe. Tensions began with the Soviet blockade of Berlin and peaked with the arms race between the two countries. The improvement of rockets and missiles led to the space race. The Soviets achieved many firsts, sending the first person into space. The United States ended the space race when it sent astronauts to the Moon. Today with the International Space Station, many countries have joined together to learn about space and how it affects our lives. Building Background Build background for the book by allowing students to observe the book’s art and predict what some of the topics covered will be. Make sure students are familiar with the key vocabulary and concepts. Encourage students to discuss and share what they may already know about the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Vocabulary communism, ideology, propaganda, arms race, satellite, space race Comprehension Skill: Cause and Effect A cause is why something happened. An effect is what happened. A cause can have more than one effect. An effect can have more than one cause. Sometimes clue words such as reason, because, so, since, and as a result help you figure out what happened and why. As you read, look for causes and effects about the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. During Reading Think Critically 1. What are four firsts that the Soviet Union accomplished? (Sample answer: first ICBM, first living being in space, first flight around the Moon, first satellite, first person in orbit, first space station) 2. What are the differences between the ideology of the United States and the ideology of the Soviet Union? (The Soviet Union’s ideology of communism does not allow people to be free. It does not allow people to own their SS_LR_TG_G5U5GOAN_C.indd 1 own businesses or to own land. The ideology of the United States believes that individuals can own businesses and land and direct their futures.) 3. Why was Laika put aboard Sputnik 2? (Soviet scientists wanted to study a living being in space.) 4. Why was it important for the United States to be in the space race? (The United States wanted to explore space, to show other countries that it was powerful enough to be in space, and to learn more about Earth and space.) After Reading Writing Which country do you think was better suited to take part in the arms race? Which country do you think was most able to win the space race? Write an essay comparing the two countries and the two races they took part in. Write your essay on a separate sheet of paper. Organize Information Graphic Organizer: Cause and Effect Chart. Use the Cause and Effect Chart to list four causes and effects about the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. © Pearson Education, Inc. Before Reading 3/8/05 10:56:09 PM Name: List four causes and effects about the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. ✔ List four causes and effects about the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. ✔ In the “Cause” boxes, list the causes. ✔ In the “Effect” boxes, list the effects. Cause and Effect Effect © Pearson Education, Inc. Cause SS_LR_TG_G5U5GOAN_C.indd 2 3/8/05 10:56:11 PM