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Unit One: Before European Contact (Pre-1492) Part 3: “Great Civilizations in the Americas" I. The Earliest American Civilizations A. A ________________ is an advanced culture. Features of civilizations include: •the building of __________________ •a well organized _________________ •a system of ______________ ________________ •a complex _________________ •a method of _______________-__________________ B. The earliest known civilization in North America was the __________________, located along the forested areas of the ________ ___ ___________. Little is known about this group of people. C. The greatest civilizations in the Americas were the _________, __________, and __________. II. The Maya A. This civilization emerged about 3,000 years ago in the rain forests of present day _______________ and ________________. B. The Mayas grew ________ in cleared ________________ and ________________. C. The Mayas lived in homes made of mud _________ and thatched ____________. Name: ___________________________ Period: ________ “Whole-Brain Connectors” D. Several large _______________ were built having separate rulers and pyramids were built for religious purposes- each having a ______________ at the top. E. _________________ was common among cities and warfare also existed from time to time. F. Advances in Mayan Civilization •Creating an accurate _____________________ •Studied _________________ and ___________ •Developed a number system with a concept of _______ •Had a form of writing called ___________________ G. Social Classes in Mayan Society Mayan Social Hierarchy H. Decline of the Mayan Civilization Around 850 A.D. the Mayas abandoned their _______________ for unknown reasons. Possible theories include civil war, disease, or famine. Mayan ______________ is still spoken today in portions of Mexico and Guatemala. III. The Aztec A. The _______________ were a wandering group of people until the 1300’s when they settled after finding a sign told to them previously by an Aztec god. When they found the sign they were to build their empire at that place. Sign: An eagle perched on a _____________ with a ___________ in its _________. The Aztecs found this sign at _______ ____________ in central ____________. The city was built on an island in the middle of the lake and was given the name ________________. The city was connected to the mainland by raised roads of packed earth called ________________. B. The Aztecs grew crops on floating gardens called __________________. C. The Aztecs _______________________ many other groups of peoples until the 1400’s. D. Tenochtitlan was the center of ________________ and ________________. E. ________________ was key to Aztec life. They worshipped the _______. The _______ told them when to plant, when to harvest, and other key events of the future. The Gods were pleased by the offering of _____________ sacrifices. F. Aztec Society G. Aztec government was run by an emperor who had _____________________ over the people he ruled. The emperor was treated much like a _________. IV. The Inca •The Incas were located in South America along the __________ ___________________ (About a 3,000 mile stretch). •The capital of the empire was _______________. •The Empire had a _________________ of more than 10 million people. •The head of the empire was known as the ________ _________ and he controlled all the land and riches of the empire. The emperor was believed to be a descendent of the sun god. E. They used ____________ farming along the mountain sides to grow food, especially potatoes. F. They built ___________________ to carry water from rivers to terraced farm areas. G. They stored _______________ crops in warehouses. H. _______________ were kept of each family’s production. I. The Incas were expert builders and stonemasons. J. Built a complex network of roads with rope bridges. K. Had a message system consisting of _______________. L. Had medicines (quinine) for treating diseases like ___________, performed _______ surgery, and discovered ________ medicines. M. The ______ _______ was the most important god. ________________ were lined with gold to honor the Sun God. The gold was taken by Spanish ____________________ in the 1530’s.