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Where in the World Wednesday What is this? Where is it located? Which culture created it? When was it created? When was it “discovered”? Where in the World Wednesday Machu Picchu Peru in the Andes Mts Incas circa 1450 Discovered in 1911 by an American professor searching for the Lost Incan City Influences of Latin America Many different cultures influence the Latin American region These cultures combined with the early civilizations that were settled around Central and South America Early Pre-Columbian cultures are the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs Today’s Assignment Divide your paper into three columns Label one Maya, one Aztec, and one Inca Read through the notes provided. Summarize each slide for the different civilizations. Once your notes are completed, complete the assignment on the last slide of the handout on the back of your notes sheet. If you have any spare time work on your map. Yucatan Peninsula, between A.D. 300 and 900. Central America and southern Mexico. The Yucatan Peninsula Mayans- Politics City-states – Built around temples and their specific gods Governed by a hereditary ruling class. – States warred with one another – Believed rulers descended from gods Captured nobles and war leaders were used for human sacrifice. Mayans- Religion Believed life is in the hands of divine powers Appeased gods through human sacrifice Itzamna was the supreme god – Gods were either good or evil – He was good Mayan Glyphs sky king house child Mayan Mathematics city Mayan- Social • Social classes • Rulers, nobles, scribes • Artisans, officials, merchants • Peasant farmers (majority) • Gender roles • Women- homemaking & raising kids • Men- fighting & hunting • Built many advanced temples and pyramids • Developed a complex calendar End of the Mayan civilization • Mystery • • • • invasion? internal revolt? natural disaster (volcano)? overuse of the land? Twelfth century A.D., the Aztec began a long migration to the Valley of Mexico. Capital at Tenochtitlan on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco Aztec: Political • semi-independent territories governed by local lords • tribute- goods or money paid by conquered peoples to their conquerors Aztec- Social • monarch - lords & government officials, commoners, indentured workers, slaves • men and women have different roles from birth • women- house, can own property, & enter contracts, & become priestess • men- warriors Aztec- Religion According to legend, the Aztec believed that a sign would come from the god of war and of the sun, Huitzilopochtli, telling them where to settle. Struggle between good and evil Practiced human sacrifice to put off the end of time Quetzalcoatl The feathered serpent. According to Aztec tradition, this being left his homeland and vowed to return in triumph. – Return would be preceded by a sign of arrow through a sapling Aztec Writing Aztec Math The End • Montezuma • Hernan Cortes • Quetzalcoatl confusion • disease • gunpowder • South America • Modern day Peru • Centered on Chilean Mountains Inca- Political • Pachacuti • Founder of the Incas • Warfare • Largest city- Machu Picchu Inca- Economics • roads • irrigation • agriculture • peanuts • potatoes • cotton Inca- Religion • Polytheistic • Sun God- chief diety • Belief in afterlife evident by mummification Inca- Accomplishments • Gender roles • women - raise children & weave cloth • Men- work and provide for family • could choose to marry anyone in your social class • Architecture • Quipu • Writing system using a system of knotted strings • Theater • Poetry, music, tragic & comic works The End • 1531 Francisco Pizarro • Spanish explorer • Brought steel weapons, gunpowder, horses, & small pox Early History Ancient Civilizations were mostly conquered by the Europeans during the Age of Exploration. Age of Exploration 1400-1600 God, Gold, Glory Spanish and Portuguese explorers started settling around Latin America – Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation: Pope gave everything East of the Atlantic to Portugal, everything West of Atlantic to Spain • Gave Brazil to Portugal European Influence New government systems developed Spread of Christianity throughout the region Goods and services now cost money…no longer based on bartering/trading Diffusion of products and people Changing of the landscape- land now used for economic reason and less for survival