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10/4/16 ENZYMES ENZYMES' ! Enzymes'are'PROTEINS"' ! Enzymes'are'biological' CATALYSTS'that'speed%up% chemical%reac.ons'and' decrease/lower'the' acAvaAon'energy'while' releasing'energy.' ! Enzymes'affect'the'reacAons'in' living'cells'by'changing'the' speed'of'the'reacAon' Lock'and'Key'Hypothesis' 1.'Enzyme'molecule'binds'with'a'substrate'at'the'acAve'site' during'a'catalyzed'reacAon.' 2.'The'chemical'fit'between'the'acAve'site'(located'on' enzyme)'and'substrate'must'be'exact/specific.' 3.'The'substrate'is'chemically'altered'and'products'are' formed.' 4.'When'the'reacAon'is'completed,'the'enzyme'molecule'is' released.' 5.'The'enzyme'is'free'to'catalyze'addiAonal'reacAons'of'this' substrate.' Example:'Lock'and'Key'Hypothesis' Enzymes remain UNCHANGED during chemical reactions and are REUSABLE!! Maltose Monosaccharide Maltase 1 10/4/16 2 Enzymes'and'Organic'Compounds' ! Enzymes'end'in' –ase ' EXAMPLES:' SUBSTRATE''''+''''ENZYME'''='Product' ^Amylose……..…….'Amylase…..'Monosaccharide' 1 '' 3 ' ' ' ' ''' Carbohydrate ' ^Protein……………'Protease…..'Amino'Acid' '' ' ' ' ' ''' Protein ' ^Lipid………………...'Lipase………'Faay'Acids' '' ' ' ' ' ''' Lipid ' ' Denatured'Enzymes' Once'the'Enzyme'shaped'is'DENATURED(destroy/change)' ''^IT'WILL'NO%LONGER%FUNCTION%' ''^The'Protein'can'begin'to'unwind'' ''' ' substrate Enzyme Factors that AFFECT Enzymes 1)#Temperature# ' '^Too'Hot'will'DENATURE'the'Enzyme'' ' '^Too'Cold'will'SLOW'DOWN'the'Enzyme' + heat Denatured Enzyme 2 10/4/16 Factors that AFFECT Enzymes 2)#pH## Factors that AFFECT Enzymes 3)#Concentra3on#of#Enzyme/Substrate## IF PH IS TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW FOR THE ENZYME THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME WILL DECREASE or become DENATURED -If there are more Enzymes then Substrates, the reaction will increase in activity (go faster) -If there are more Substrates then Enzymes, the reaction will decrease in activity (go slower) # # Enzyme'Drawing'(p.12'notebook)' For enzymes… What matters? SHAPE! 2009-2010 • Figure'6.23'p.'162'Draw,'label,'color,'and'write'ALL' descripAons.' • Write'and'Answer'the'following'on'the'back:' 1. Enzymes'are'(proteins,'carbohydrates,'lipids,'or' nucleic'acids)'that'(speed'up'or'slow'down)' chemical'reacAons'by'(lowering'or'raising)'the' acAvaAon'energy.' 2. True/False:'Enzymes'are'reusable.' 3. Enzymes'are'on'(specific'or'nonspecific)' substrates.'' 3 10/4/16 Exit'Ticket' 1. Enzymes'belong'under'the'organic' compound'group'of'_______________.' 2. Explain'the'lock'and'key'hypothesis.' 3. Once'the'Enzyme'shape'is'Denatured'it'will' (no%longer/always)'funcAon.' 4. What'are'the'three'factors'that'affect' enzymes?' 5. For'enzymes,'what'maaers?' 4