Download Enzymes Notes

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ENZYMES
ENZYMES'
! Enzymes'are'PROTEINS"'
! Enzymes'are'biological'
CATALYSTS'that'speed%up%
chemical%reac.ons'and'
decrease/lower'the'
acAvaAon'energy'while'
releasing'energy.'
! Enzymes'affect'the'reacAons'in'
living'cells'by'changing'the'
speed'of'the'reacAon'
Lock'and'Key'Hypothesis'
1.'Enzyme'molecule'binds'with'a'substrate'at'the'acAve'site'
during'a'catalyzed'reacAon.'
2.'The'chemical'fit'between'the'acAve'site'(located'on'
enzyme)'and'substrate'must'be'exact/specific.'
3.'The'substrate'is'chemically'altered'and'products'are'
formed.'
4.'When'the'reacAon'is'completed,'the'enzyme'molecule'is'
released.'
5.'The'enzyme'is'free'to'catalyze'addiAonal'reacAons'of'this'
substrate.'
Example:'Lock'and'Key'Hypothesis'
Enzymes remain UNCHANGED during chemical reactions and are REUSABLE!!
Maltose
Monosaccharide
Maltase
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Enzymes'and'Organic'Compounds'
! Enzymes'end'in' –ase '
EXAMPLES:'
SUBSTRATE''''+''''ENZYME'''='Product'
^Amylose……..…….'Amylase…..'Monosaccharide'
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''
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'
'
'
'
'''
Carbohydrate '
^Protein……………'Protease…..'Amino'Acid'
'' ' ' ' ' ''' Protein '
^Lipid………………...'Lipase………'Faay'Acids'
'' ' ' ' ' ''' Lipid '
'
Denatured'Enzymes'
Once'the'Enzyme'shaped'is'DENATURED(destroy/change)'
''^IT'WILL'NO%LONGER%FUNCTION%'
''^The'Protein'can'begin'to'unwind''
'''
'
substrate
Enzyme
Factors that AFFECT Enzymes
1)#Temperature#
' '^Too'Hot'will'DENATURE'the'Enzyme''
' '^Too'Cold'will'SLOW'DOWN'the'Enzyme'
+ heat
Denatured
Enzyme
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Factors that AFFECT Enzymes
2)#pH##
Factors that AFFECT Enzymes
3)#Concentra3on#of#Enzyme/Substrate##
IF PH IS TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW FOR THE ENZYME THE ACTIVITY
OF ENZYME WILL DECREASE or become DENATURED
-If there are more Enzymes then Substrates, the reaction will
increase in activity (go faster)
-If there are more Substrates then Enzymes, the reaction will
decrease in activity (go slower)
#
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Enzyme'Drawing'(p.12'notebook)'
For enzymes…
What matters?
SHAPE!
2009-2010
•  Figure'6.23'p.'162'Draw,'label,'color,'and'write'ALL'
descripAons.'
•  Write'and'Answer'the'following'on'the'back:'
1.  Enzymes'are'(proteins,'carbohydrates,'lipids,'or'
nucleic'acids)'that'(speed'up'or'slow'down)'
chemical'reacAons'by'(lowering'or'raising)'the'
acAvaAon'energy.'
2.  True/False:'Enzymes'are'reusable.'
3.  Enzymes'are'on'(specific'or'nonspecific)'
substrates.''
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Exit'Ticket'
1.  Enzymes'belong'under'the'organic'
compound'group'of'_______________.'
2.  Explain'the'lock'and'key'hypothesis.'
3.  Once'the'Enzyme'shape'is'Denatured'it'will'
(no%longer/always)'funcAon.'
4.  What'are'the'three'factors'that'affect'
enzymes?'
5.  For'enzymes,'what'maaers?'
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