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LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
1. New York State's highest peak, Mt. Marcy, is located
at approximately
A)
B)
C)
D)
44°10' N 74°05' W
44°05' N 73°55' W
73°55' N 44°10' W
74°05' N 44°05' W
2. The diagram below represents an observer measuring
the altitude of Polaris.
At which latitude is this observer located?
A) 16° N B) 37° N C) 53° N D) 90° N
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3. The map below shows four major time zones of the United States. The dashed lines represent
meridians of longitude. The locations of New York City and Denver are shown.
What is the time in New York City when it is noon in Denver?
A) 10 a.m.
B) 2 p.m.
C) 3 p.m.
4. Near which two latitudes are most of Earth's dry
climate regions found?
A) 0° and 60° N
C) 30° N and 60° N
B) 0° and 30° S
D) 30° N and 30° S
5. Which New York State city is located at 42°39' N
73°45' W?
A) Buffalo
C) Ithaca
B) Albany
D) Plattsburgh
6. Which New York State location has surface bedrock
that has been subjected to very intense regional
metamorphism?
A) 41º00' N 72º15' W B) 42º30' N 75º00' W
C) 44º00' N 76º00' W D) 44º30' N 74º00' W
D) noon
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Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the passage and map below. The map shows sections of
the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Shipwreck
In 1641, the crew of the ship Concepcion used the Sun and stars for navigation. The crew thought that
the ship was just north of Puerto Rico, but ocean currents had carried them off course. The ship hit a
coral reef and sank off the coast of the Dominican Republic. The Xon the map marks the location of
the sunken ship.
7. At which map location does Polaris appear the highest in the nighttime sky?
A) Miami, Florida
C) Havana, Cuba
B) Kingston, Jamaica
D) San Juan, Puerto Rico
8. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the sunken ship?
A) 20.5° N 70° E
B) 20.5° N 70° W C) 20.5° S 70° E
D) 20.5° S 70° W
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Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on
the time-exposure photograph shown below. The photograph was taken by aiming a camera at a
portion of the night sky above a New York State location and leaving the camera's shutter open for a
period of time to record star trails.
9. During the time exposure of the photograph, the stars appear to have moved through an arc of 120º.
How many hours did this time exposure take?
A) 5 h
B) 8 h
C) 12 h
D) 15 h
10. Which celestial object is shown in the photograph near the center of the star trails?
A) the Sun
B) the Moon
C) Sirius
11. A ship is at a location of 40° S 77° W. Which type of
surface ocean current and tectonic plate boundary
are located beneath this ship?
A)
B)
C)
D)
warm ocean current and a transform boundary
warm ocean current and a convergent boundary
cool ocean current and a transform boundary
cool ocean current and a convergent
boundary
D) Polaris
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12. Base your answer to the following question on the following map and passage. The map shows the
extent of summer ice-melt zones on Greenland in 1992 and 2002. The summer melt zone is an area
where summer heat turns snow and ice around the edges of the ice sheet into slush and ponds of
meltwater. Three coastal locations are shown on the map.
Arctic Meltdown
Scientists are concerned because average arctic temperatures are rising. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the
dominant area of continental ice in the arctic region, broke all previous records for melting in 2002.
In 2004, the total amount of ice resting on top of the continental crust in the arctic region was
estimated to be about 3,100,000 cubic kilometers. If all this ice were to melt, the ocean levels would
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
rise approximately 8.5 meters. A reduction in ice-covered areas exposes more land surfaces. This
increases absorption of insolation and accelerates arctic warming. Scientists continue to collect data
to define the role of greenhouse gases in the warming of the arctic region.
What is the approximate latitude and longitude of Godthab, Greenland?
A) 51.5° N 64° W B) 70.5° N 22° W C) 64° N 51.5° W D) 22° N 70.5°W
13. Near which two latitudes are most of Earth’s major
deserts located?
A) 0° and 90° N
C) 30° N and 30° S
B) 30° S and 60° S
D) 60° S and 60° N
18. The diagram below shows latitude measurements
every 10 degrees and longitude measurements every
15 degrees.
14. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris at
Syracuse, New York?
A) 43°
B) 47°
C) 76°
D) 90º
15. If an observer on Earth views Polaris on the
horizon, the observer is located at the
A)
B)
C)
D)
equator (0°)
North Pole (90° N)
Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)
16. From Utica, New York, Polaris is observed at an
altitude of approximately
A) 43º
B) 47º
C) 75º
D) 90º
17. At which New York State location would an
observer measure the highest altitude of Polaris?
A) New York City
C) Niagara Falls
B) Slide Mountain
D) Plattsburgh
What is the latitude and longitude of point X?
A) 40° S 45° E
C) 60° S 30° W
B) 50° N 45° W
D) 75° N 30° E
19. At which location is the altitude of Polaris
approximately 42°?
A) Niagara Falls
C) Watertown
B) Elmira
D) Massena
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20. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth
viewing the star Polaris.
What is the observer's latitude?
A) 38° N
C) 52° N
B) 38° S
D) 52° S
21. What time is it in Greenwich, England (at 0°
longitude), when it is noon in Massena, New York?
A) 7 a.m.
C) 5 p.m.
B) noon
D) 10 p.m.
22. The diagram below shows an observer measuring the
altitude of Polaris.
What is the latitude of the observer?
A) 20° N
C) 70° N
B) 20° S
D) 70° S
23. The approximate latitude of Utica, New York, is
A) 43°05’ N
C) 75°15’ E
B) 43°05’ S
D) 75°15’W
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24. Base your answer to the following question on the world map below. Letters A through D represent
locations on Earth's surface.
At which location could an observer not see Polaris in the night sky at any time during the year?
A) A
B) B
C) C
25. From which New York State location would Polaris
be observed to have an altitude closest to 43° above
the northern horizon?
A) Binghamton
C) Watertown
B) Utica
D) New York City
D) D
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26. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth
measuring the altitude of Polaris.
28. The lines on which set of views best represent
Earth’s latitude system?
A)
B)
C)
What is the latitude of this observer?
A) 90° N
C) 43° N
B) 66.5° N
D) 23.5° N
27. At which New York State location will an observer
most likely measure the altitude of Polaris as
approximately 42°?
A) Jamestown
C) Oswego
B) Plattsburgh
D) New York City
D)
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29. Base your answer to the following question on the information, map, and cross section below.
The map represents a portion of Earth's surface in the Pacific Ocean. The positions of islands,
earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and the Tonga Trench are shown. Lines of latitude and
longitude have been included.
The cross section shows earthquakes that occurred beneath line XY on the map. Depth beneath
Earths surface is indicated by the scale along the left side of the cross section, as are the range of
depths for shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes. Distance from the trench is indicated by
the scale along the bottom of the cross section.
The latitude and longitude of the center of Vanau Leva is closest to
A) 17° N 179° W B) 17° N 181° W C) 17° S 179° E
D) 17° S 181° E
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30. Which statement about Polaris is best illustrated by
the diagrams shown below?
33. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth
measuring the altitude of Polaris.
What is the latitude of this observer?
A) 43° N
C) 47° N
B) 43° S
D) 47° S
Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the
map below, which shows the latitude and longitude
of five observers, A, B, C, D, and E, on Earth.
A) Polaris is located in a winter constellation
B) Polaris is located at the zenith at each location.
C) Polaris' apparent movement through the sky
follows a south-to-north orientation.
D) Polaris' altitude is equal to a locations
latitude.
31. What is the approximate location of the Canary
Islands hot spot?
A) 32° S 18° W
C) 32° N 18° W
B) 32° S 18° E
D) 32° N 18° E
34. Which two observers would be experiencing the
32. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, an observer on
same apparent solar time?
the ship measures the altitude of Polaris at 60°.
A) A and C
B) B and C
What is the ship's location?
C) B and E
D) D and E
A) 60° south latitude and 0° longitude
35. What is the altitude of Polaris (the North Star)
B) 60° north latitude and 0° longitude
above the northern horizon for observer A?
C) 0° latitude and 60° east longitude
A) 0°
B) 10° C) 80° D) 90°
D) 0° latitude and 60° west longitude
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
36. Base your answer to the following question on the
map below, which shows an imaginary continent on
Earth. Arrows represent prevailing wind directions.
Letters A through D represent locations on the
continent. Locations A and B are at the same latitude
and at the same elevation at the base of the
mountains.
Compared to the observations made at location D,
the observed altitude of Polaris at location B is
A)
B)
C)
D)
always less
only less from March 21 to September 22
only greater from March 21 to September 22
always greater
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Base your answers to questions 37 and 38 on the diagram below, which represents the position of the
Sun with respect to Earth’s surface at solar noon on certain dates. The latitudes of six locations on the
same line of longitude are shown. The observer is located at 42° N in New York State. The date for
the Sun at position A has been deliberately left blank.
37. When the Sun is at position A, which latitude receives the most direct rays of the Sun?
A) Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)
C) Equator (0°)
B) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)
D) Antarctic Circle (66.5° S)
38. At which New York State location could the observer be located?
A) Plattsburgh
C) New York City
B) Mount Marcy
D) Slide Mountain
39. Which diagram represents the approximate altitude
of Polaris as seen by an observer located Syracuse,
New York?
A)
B)
C)
D)
40. When the time of day for a certain ship at sea is 12
noon, the time of day at the Prime Meridian (0°
longitude) is 5 p.m. What is the ship’s longitude?
A) 45° W
C) 75° W
B) 45° E
D) 75° E
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41. The dashed line on the map below shows a ship's
route from Long Island, New York, to Florida. As
the ship travels south, the star Polaris appears lower
in the northern sky each night.
43. The graph below shows the snow line (the elevation
above which glaciers form at different latitudes in
the Northern Hemisphere).
At which location would a glacier most likely form?
A)
B)
C)
D)
0° latitude at an elevation of 6,000 m
15° N latitude at an elevation of 4,000 m
30° N latitude at an elevation of 3,000 m
45° N latitude at an elevation of 1,000 m
44. The diagram below represents part of Earth's
latitude-longitude system.
The best explanation for this observation is that
Polaris
A)
B)
C)
D)
rises and sets at different locations each day
has an elliptical orbit around Earth
is located directly over Earth's Equator
is located directly over Earth's North Pole
42. At which location will the highest altitude of the star
Polaris be observed?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic Circle
central New York State
What is the latitude and longitude of point L?
A) 5° E 30° N
C) 5° N 30° E
B) 5° W 30° S
D) 5° S 30° W
45. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, the altitude of
Polaris measured from the ship is 50°. What is the
ship’s location?
A)
B)
C)
D)
0° latitude 50° east longitude
0° latitude 50° west longitude
50° north latitude 0° longitude
50° south latitude 0° longitude
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46. Approximately what are the coordinates of the
Hawaii Hot Spot?
A) 50° N, 120° W
C) 25° N, 158° W
B) 25° N, 158° E
D) 25° S, 158° E
47. The North Star (Polaris) can be used for navigation
in Earth's Northern Hemisphere because
A) Polaris is located directly over the Tropic of
Cancer
B) Polaris is the brightest and most easily located
star
C) the altitude of Polaris is equal to the
observer's latitude
D) the position of Polaris changes with the
seasons
48. The diagram below shows a student in New York
State observing Polaris.
The student is located nearest to which city in New
York State?
A) Plattsburgh
C) New York City
B) Albany
D) Kingston
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49. Base your answer to the following question on
the map below. The isolines on the map show the increases in elevation that have occurred since the
end of the ice age in this part of North America. A and B are two points on isolines. Several towns
within the area are indicated.
What is the approximate latitude and longitude of Fort George?
A) 54º N 78º W
B) 66º N 82º W
C) 78º N 54º W
50. Which latitude and longitude coordinates represent a
location on the continent of Australia?
A) 20º N, 135º E
C) 20º S, 135º E
B) 20º N, 135º W
D) 20º S, 135º W
D) 82º N 66º W
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51. Which diagram best shows the altitude of Polaris
observed near Buffalo, New York?
53. The diagram below shows an instrument made from
a drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock.
A)
B)
C)
This instrument was most likely used to measure the
A)
B)
C)
D)
D)
distance to a star
altitude of a star
mass of the Earth
mass of the suspended weight
54. The diagram below represents a Foucault pendulum
swinging freely for 8 hours.
52. The map below shows the location and diameter, in
kilometers, of four meteorite impact craters, A, B, C,
and D, found in the United States.
The pendulum appears to change its direction of
swing because of Earth's
What is the approximate latitude and longitude of
the largest crater?
A) 35° N 111° W
C) 44° N 90° W
B) 39° N 83° W
D) 47° N 104° W
A)
B)
C)
D)
tectonic plate movement
force of gravity
rotation
revolution
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55. Which diagram best represents the location of
Polaris for an observer located at the Equator?
A)
57. The diagram below represents the route of a ship
traveling from New York City to Miami, Florida.
Each night, a passenger on the ship observes Polaris
.
B)
Which statement best describes the observed
changes in the altitude of Polaris made by the
passenger during the voyage?
C)
A) Each night the altitude decreases in the
northern sky.
B) Each night the altitude decreases in the
southern sky.
C) Each night the altitude increases in the northern
sky.
D) Each night the altitude increases in the southern
sky.
D)
56. Which reference line passes through both the
geographic North Pole and the geographic South
Pole?
A)
B)
C)
D)
58. The diagram below shows the altitude of Polaris
above the horizon at a certain location.
0° latitude
0° longitude
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
What is the latitude of the observer?
A) 10° N
C) 50° N
B) 40° N
D) 90° N
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 59 and 60 on the diagram below, which represents latitude and
longitude lines on Earth. Points A through E represent locations on Earth. Arrows represent direction
of rotation.
59. Locations C and D both have the same
A) prevailing wind direction
C) altitude of Polaris
B) latitude
D) longitude
60. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of location A?
A) 160° N, 15° E B) 160° S, 15° W C) 15° N, 160° E D) 15° N, 160° W
61. The diagram below shows the angular altitude of
Polaris above the horizon at a certain location.
What is the latitude of the observer?
A) 15° N
C) 30° N
B) 25° N
D) 65° N
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
62. Which graph best represents the altitude of Polaris
observed at northern latitude positions on the
Earth's surface?
A)
65. Base your answer to the following question on the
latitude and longitude system shown below. The map
represents a part of the Earth's surface and its
latitude-longitude coordinates. Points A through F
represent locations in this area.
B)
C)
How are latitude and longitude lines drawn on a
globe of the Earth?
D)
63. The angle of the star Polaris above the northern
horizon can be used to determine an observer's
A) latitude
C) solar time
B) longitude
D) local time
64. The shaded area of the map below represents large
areas of surface basaltic bedrock in the northwestern
United States.
Which location is in the shaded area of surface
basaltic bedrock?
A) 40° N 120° W
C) 46° N 120° W
B) 44° N 122° W
D) 48° N 116° W
A) Latitude lines are parallel and longitude lines
meet at the poles.
B) Latitude lines are parallel and longitude lines
meet at the Equator.
C) Longitude lines are parallel and latitude lines
meet at the poles.
D) Longitude lines are parallel and latitude lines
meet at the Equator.
66. As a person travels due west across New York State,
the altitude of Polaris will
A) decrease
B) increase
C) remain the same
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67. Which graph best represents the relationship
between the latitude of an observer and the observed
altitude of Polaris above the northern horizon?
A)
C)
B)
69. The diagrams below represent four systems of
imaginary lines that could be used to locate positions
on a planet. Which system is most similar to the
latitude-longitude system used on the Earth?
A)
B)
C)
D)
D)
68. The diagram below represents a portion of the
Earth's latitude and longitude system.
70. Since Denver's longitude is 105° W and Utica's
longitude is 75° W, sunrise in Denver occurs
A) 2 hours earlier
C) 3 hours earlier
B) 2 hours later
D) 3 hours later
71. As a person travels northward from the Equator, the
altitude of Polaris will appear to
What are the approximate latitude and longitude of
point A?
A) 15° S 20° W
C) 15° N 20° W
B) 15° S 20° E
D) 15° N 20° E
A) decrease
C) remain the same
B) increase
72. Cities located on the same meridian (longitude) must
have the same
A) altitude
B) latitude
C) length of daylight D) solar time
73. An observer on a moving ship notices that the
altitude of Polaris increases each night. Local solar
noon occurs at the same time each day. In what
direction is the ship moving?
A) due east
C) due west
B) due south
D) due north
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74. The diagram below represents a portion of a map of
the Earth's grid system. What is the approximate
latitude and longitude of point A?
A) 15°N. 30°W.
C) 15°N. 30°E.
B) 15°S. 30°W.
D) 15°S. 30°E.
75. At which latitude will Polaris be overhead?
A) 0º
C) 90º S.
B) 23 ½ºN.
D) 90º N.
76. What could be the approximate location of an
observer if he measured the altitude of Polaris to be
41 degrees above the horizon?
A) Watertown
C) Buffalo
B) Massena
D) New York City
77. A person knows the solar time on the Prime
Meridian and the local solar time. What
determination can be made?
A)
B)
C)
D)
the date
the altitude of Polaris
the longitude at which the person is located
the latitude at which the person is located
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 78 through 81 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth
science. The map shows the four time zones and some latitude and longitude lines across the
continental United States. Some cities are labeled on the map.
78. Identify the Earth motion that provides the basis for our system of local time and time zones.
79. Identify the city labeled on the map where sunrise occurs first each day.
80. Identify two cities on the map where measurements of the altitude of Polaris are within one degree of
each other.
81. State the number of degrees of longitude that separates New York City from Reno, Nevada, and the
time difference, in hours, between these two cities.
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Base your answers to questions 82 through 84 on
the diagram below, which represents a north polar view of Earth on a specific day of the year. Solar
times at selected longitude lines are shown. Letter A represents a location on Earth's surface.
82. How many hours of daylight would an observer at location A experience on this day?
83. State the altitude of Polaris as seen by an observer at the North Pole.
84. How many degrees apart are the longitude lines shown in the diagram?
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Base your answers to questions 85 and 86 on the data table below. The data table shows the latitude
of several cities in the Northern Hemisphere and the duration of daylight on a particular day.
85. Based on the data table, state the relationship between latitude and the duration of daylight.
86. On the grid below, plot with an X the duration of daylight for each city shown in the data table.
Connect your Xs with a smooth, curved line.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 87 and 88 on
passage and time zones map shown below.
Time Zones
In 1883, Earth was divided into 24 time zones. The United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) has
four time zones, which are indicated by different shadings on the map.Each zone is roughly centered
on lines of longitude that are 15° apart. These lines are shown as dashed lines on the map. Most
locations within a time zone have the same time.This time is called standard time. As you move to the
west, the time in each zone is one hour earlier than the previous time zone
87. Explain, in terms of Earth’s rotation, why the time zones are 15° of longitude apart.
88. When it is 1 a.m. in New York City, what time is it in Denver?
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEGA PACKET
89. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram in your answer booklet, which shows the
latitude-longitude grid on a model of Earth. Point Y is a location on Earth’s surface.
What is Earth’s rate of rotation at point Y, in degrees per hour?
Base your answers to questions 90 and 91 on
the United States time zone map shown below. The dashed lines represent meridians (lines of
longitude).
90. The basis for the time difference between adjoining time zones is Earth's
A) 1° per hour rate of revolution
C) 15° per hour rate of revolution
B) 1° per hour rate of rotation
D) 15° per hour rate of rotation
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91. If the time in Buffalo, New York, is 5 a.m., what time would it be in San Francisco, California?
A) 8 a.m.
B) 2 a.m.
C) 3 a.m.
D) 4 a.m.
Answer Key
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE
1.
B
36.
D
71.
B
2.
C
37.
B
72.
D
3.
B
38.
D
73.
D
4.
D
39.
B
74.
D
5.
B
40.
C
75.
D
6.
D
41.
D
76.
D
7.
A
42.
C
77.
C
8.
B
43.
A
78.
9.
B
44.
D
10.
D
45.
C
— rotation — Earth
rotates on its axis.
— a spinning Earth
11.
D
46.
C
79.
New York City or
New York or NYC
12.
C
47.
C
13.
C
48.
D
14.
A
49.
A
15.
A
50.
C
16.
A
51.
B
17.
D
52.
D
18.
B
53.
B
19.
B
54.
C
20.
C
55.
21.
C
22.
80.
86.
87.
88.
— Denver and Reno 89.
— New York City
90.
and Omaha —
Milwaukee and
91.
Buffalo
81.
— Longitude
difference: any
value from 45° to
47° — Time
difference : 3 h
D
82.
12 hours
56.
B
83.
90°
A
57.
A
84.
15º
23.
A
58.
B
85.
24.
B
59.
A
25.
B
60.
D
26.
B
61.
B
27.
A
62.
B
28.
B
63.
A
29.
C
64.
C
30.
D
65.
A
31.
C
66.
C
– As latitude
increases, the
duration of daylight
decreases.
– Higher latitudes
have shorter
daylight periods.
Lower latitudes have
longer daylight
periods.
– It is an inverse
relationship.
32.
B
67.
D
33.
A
68.
C
34.
C
69.
A
35.
B
70.
B
Examples: — Earth
rotates at a rate of
15°/hr. — Earth’s
period of rotation is
24 hours. — Earth
spins 360° in 24
hours.
11 p.m.
15º/hr
D
B