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Thermal Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Thermal energy transfer - is the movement of thermal energy to an area of high temperature to an area of low temperature. Conduction and Convection Conduction: Is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact of the particles of a substance. Usually takes place in solids. Convection: Is transfer of thermal energy through the movement of particles from one area to another. Happens in liquids and gases. The movement of particles form a current. Hot air or water rises because the particles move further apart. This makes them less dense so they rise. Colder particles are more dense and move down. Effects of Thermal Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by air. Warm air has less pressure because it is less dense. Wind forms because cool air moves in to replace warm air. The Coriolis Effect If the Earth was not spinning there would be a continuous cycle of wind from the north to the south. But the Coriolis effect is the deflection of any object from a straight line path by the rotation of the Earth. This causes air to turn right in the Northern Hemisphere and Left in the Southern Hemisphere. Jet Streams A band of fast moving air in the stratosphere. There is not as much friction so wind moves very fast. Jet streams affect weather at lower levels in the atmosphere. Because when air enters the Jet stream it causes a low pressure system that is pulled along the jetstream. Page 375 #1 to 10