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Contr. Univ. Michisan Herb. 19 355-392.1993.
NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL MALPIGHIACEAE-IY
W i l l i am R . A nderson
University of Michigan Herbarium
North lJniversity Building
A nn A rbor, Mi chi ean 48109-1057
The notes that follow are a true miscellany,published here for diverse reasons.
It would be much better, of course, if they could appear in the context of complete monographic treatments of these groups, but monographs of large genera
llke Bunchosia, Byrsonima, and Heteropterys are years in the future, and much of
what follows cannot wait that long. Several of the new species are needed for
floras, or have already been cited as nomina nuda in floristic lists. In other cases,
notes of explanation are needed for actions taken or soon to be taken; for example, non-specialistsseeing my recent annotations on specimensmay reasonably
wonder why I have abandoned a well-established name llke Heteropterys beecheyana
Adr. Juss. for H. brachiata (L.) DC., and why I am using Mascagnia divaricata
(H. B. K.) Nied. for the speciestraditionally called M. ovatifolia (H. B. K.) Griseb.
Moreover, a number of the entries supplement Niedenzu's 1928 monograph by
clarifying problems that he had to leave unresolved, usually because he did not
have the opportunity to study critical collections in Paris and London. I trust that
the relevanceof each entry will be obvious to informcd readers.
Bunchosia itacarensisW. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TypE: Bnnzrr-.Bahia: Mun. Itac a r6 .3 k m S of Itacar6,forest at edge of ocean, D ec fl , Mori et al . 13081
(h o l o ty pe:MIC H !; i sotypes:C E ,P E C ,N y, not seen).
Frutex vel arbor parva 2-3 m alta, ramis permox glabratis. Lamina foliorum
ma j o ru m 1 4 -2 1 c m l onga,6.7-9.2cm l ata, permox gl abrata,abaxi al i terbi glandulosa prope basim; petiolus 10-12 mm longus eglandulosus;stipulae 2-3 mm longae. Inflorescentia saepe ternata. Sepala utrinque glabra, margine saepe ciliata.
Gynoecium bicarpellatum; ovarium dense sericeum; styli 2, 1.4 mm longi, liberi.
F ru c tu s (s i c c u s )10-11 mm l ongus,12-74mm di ametro,gl abratus,l aevi s.
Shrub or small tree 2-3 m tall; stems initially very sparsely sericeous with
hairs ca 0.5 mm long but soon quite glabrate. Lamina of larger leaves 74-21 cm
long, 6.7-9.2 cm wide, elliptical or somewhat ovate, cuneate to almost rounded at
base, very slightly revolute and reddish at margin, abruptly acuminate at apex to
an attenuate tip 5-13 mm long, initially very sparselysericeousbut soon quite glabrate on both sides, bearing a pair of large impressed glands below at base ind
otherwise eglandular,the fine reticulum prominent on both sides,especiallyabove;
petiole 10-12 mm long, glabrous, eglandular; stipules 2-3 mm long, triangular,
borne on adaxial face of petiole at base, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary,
"ith",
simple or ternate with the 2 side branchesaxillary to much-reducedleaves (hardly
larger than the floriferous bracts) at the first node, loosely sericeousto glabrescent, the individual pseudoracemes3-6 cm long, the 8-14 flowers mostly decussate;floriferous bracts 1.5-2.5 mm long, triangular; peduncle 7-2.5 mm long;
bracteolesca 1 mm long, triangular, one or sometimesboth bearing a large eccentric
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abaxial gland, this becoming much enlarged and discoid in fruit; pedicel 3-4 mm
long, to 8 mm in fruit. Sepals1-1.5 mm long beyond glands, obtuse or rounded at
apex, appressed,glabrous on both sides,often ciliate on margin, the anterior eglandular, the lateral 4 biglandular, the glands 2.5-3 mm long, elliptical or obovate,
free and often reflexed distally. Petals yellow, glabrous, at least some glandularfimbriate partly to completely around the limb; no flowers with a full set of petals
available for description. Stamens glabrous; filaments 2-25 mm long, up to Il2
connate, those opposite petals shorter and abaxially swollen at base; anthers 1-1.5
mm long, the connective yellow or light brown. Gynoecium bicarpellate;ovary 1.3
mm high, densely sericeous;styles 2, 7.4 mm long, quite distinct or connate only
at base, glabrous except for base, the stigmas large, peltate. Fruit (dried) 10-11
glabrate, the wall smooth.
mm long, I2-14 mm in diameter, depressed-globose,
E xs n n a r N s o .B r a z i l . B n t r l n : M u n . I t a c a r d , 2 k m S o f I t a c a r e a t s e c o n d
AoorrroNnl SpncrrnaEN
beach. l4"l':.'S,3U"59'W, near sea level,forest on stecp rocky hillsidc above beach.Apr fr, Plowm a n e t a l . 1 0 0 9 3( K , M I C H ) .
Bunchosia itacarenslsis named for the only locality from which it is known. In
this difficult genus it is always risky to speculateon relationships,but this species
is presumably to be compared to B. apiculata Huber, which occurs in similar
habitats from Cearfito French Guiana and also has a bicarpellate gynoecium with
free styles. B. apiculata has a glabrous ovary, longer styles,much smaller leaves,
simple inflorescences,shorter stipules,and smaller granulate fruits.
Bunchosia lindeniana Adr. Juss.,Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 335. 1843.-TvpE: MExtco. Veracruz: Miradores, Linden 911 (lectotype, here designated: P-JU
1 1 5 2 1!;i sol ectotypes:G, K !. MIC H !).
Bunchosia lanceolata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36: 582.
1863.-TvpE: Mpxlco. VeracrrJz Orizaba, Botteri s'n' (KW?)'
Bunchosia gentlei Lundell, Wrightia 6: 21. 1978.-TvpE: GunTEMALA.Dept.
lzabal: Puerto Mendez, Contreras 10323 (holotype: UTD, not seen; isot y p e s :B M ! , K ! , L L , M I C H ! ) .
This is probably the commonest speciesof Bunchosia rn tropical Mexico and
northern Central America, marked by its hairy three-carpellateovary, emergent
completely connate styles, strongly three-angled stigma, and glabrous or only
sparselysericeousleaves.It is extremely variable, especiallyin leaf size and shape,
and the type of B. gentlei seems to be only a narrow-leaved form that does not
merit taxonomic recognition. Of Jussieu'stwo syntypes,Linden 911 is the better
collection and I have chosen it as lectotype for that reason. Of the other syntype,
Galeotti 4340 from the same locality, I have seen the specimen in P, annotated by
Jussieu,and two sheetsin K; it representsthe same species.
Niedenzu (1928, p. 653) recognized B. lanceolata, and he was followed by
Standley & Steyermark (1946) in the Flora of Guatemala, but on the basis of
Turczaninow's description alone I would be ready to assignhis name to synonymy
under B. tinrieniana,whichwas not mentioned in the Flora of Guatemala.Niedenzu
listed four Botteri collections from Orizaba: s.n. in 1856, 489 in 1857, 1093, and
1109. I have studied duplicates of 1093 and 1109 at K, and both are typical representativesof B. lindeniana, but I have not yet seen the specimen(s) available to
Turczaninow, and until I can do that I prefer not to designatea lectotype for his
name. Indeed, if he saw only one specimen, lectotypificationwill not be necessary.
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Bunchosia ursana W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TvpE: Cosra Rrcn. Puntarenas:Golfito,
Jimdnez, entre Agua Buena y Banequitas, Jan fl, Herrera 4806 (holotype:
MICH!).
Frutex 1.5-3 m altus, ramis sparsim sericeis vel glabratis. Lamina foliorum
ma j o ru m 1 7 -2 6 cm l onga, T-70.5 cm l ata, ovata vel el l i pti ca, basi cuneat a,apice
acuminata acumine 13-25 mm longo, permox glabrata; petiolus 7-11 mm longus,
sparsim sericeus vel glabratus; stipulae 0.4-0.7 mm longae. Sepala abaxialiter
glabra vel proximaliter tomentosa distaliter glabra, margine ciliata, adaxialiter
glabra. Petala glabra, 4 interiora limbo toto circuitu glanduloso-fimbriato;
p e ta l u m p o s ti c um ungue 3.51.5 mm l ongo, l i mbo 3.5-4.5 mm l ongo l a t oque.
Filamenta sepalisopposita longiora, petalis opposita breviora. Gynoecium tricarpellatum, glabrum, 4-4.5 mm longum, cylindricum; styli 3, basi connati, apice
liberi, inter basim et apicem plus minusve cohaerentes;stigmata libera, magna,
p e l ta ta .
Shrub 1.5-3 m tall; branchesvery sparselysericeousto quite glabrate. Lamina
of larger leaves ll-26 cm long, l-10.5 cm wide, ovate or elliptical, cuneate at
base,flat at margin or very slightly revolute, acuminate at apex to an attenuate tip
13-25 mm long, initially very sparselysericeousbut soon nearly or quite glabrate
on both sides,bearing 1-2 glandsbelow at base on each side of midrib and several
in a distal row extending U3-213 of the lamina, usually closer to margin than
midrib. the fine reticulum more or less prominent above; petiole 7-11 mm long,
very sparselysericeousto glabrate, eglandular;stipules0.4-0.7 mm long, borne on
adaxial face of petiole at base. Inflorescence an axillary pseudoracemewithout
vegetativeleaves,white-sericeousto glabrescentin fruit, 6-77 cm long, the 15-35 (-50)
flowers borne in no regular order; bracts 1-1.5 mm long, triangular; peduncle 00 .7 (-1 ) -rn l o n g ; bracteol esapi cal or subapi cal ,0.7-7mm l ong, one of ea ch pair
usually bearing a large abaxial gland; pedicel 4.5-5.5 mm long. Sepals 7-2 mm
l o n g b e y o n d g l a nds, 1.5-2 mm w i de, obtuse to rounded at apex, pressedagainst
filaments in anthesis, abaxially glabrous or proximally tomentose and distally
glabrous,ciliate on margin,,adaxially glabrous, the anterior eglandular,the lateral
4 biglandular with the glands 2-3 mm long, glabrous or sparselypilose, detached
and spreadingto reflexed in the distal 713-112.
Petals yellow, glabrous,the inner 4
glandular-fimbriate all around limb, the outermost irregularly incised with some
d i v i s i o n sg l a n d u l ar;2 anteri or-l ateralpetal sstrongl y refl exed,w i th cl aw 1.5- 2 m m
long and limb 6-7 mm long and wide, deeply concave,posterior petal erect, with claw
3.5-4.5 mm long and limb 3.5-4.5 mm long and wide, flat, orbicular; 2 posteriorlateral petals intermediate in size, stance. and concavity of limb. Stamens glabrous; filaments 1.5-3.5 mm long, alternating between longer opposite sepalsand
shorter opposite petals, up to 712connate; anthers 1.2-1.5 mm long, the connective ycllow or light brown. Gynoecium tricarpellate, glabrous, 4-4.5 mm long,
proximally cylindrical with the ovary (ca 1-1.5 mm high) grading imperceptibly
into base of styles;styles 3, ca 3 mm long, connate at base, free at apex. strongly
to weakly coherent between base and apex; stigmas free, large, peltate. Intact
fruit not seen, but pyrenes ca 9 mm high and 7 mm across,suggestinga fruit at
l e a s t 1 2 m m i n d iameter,probabl y l arger.
A o l l ' n o N a t - S p r . < ' l r , t t NEs, x R v r l n n . C o s t a R i c a . P u N T A R E N n ss:t e e p f o r e s t e d s l o p c s a b o v e G o l f i to, fJ'38'N, 133'10'W, 100 300 m, Jan fl, Burger & Matta 4718 (CP.,F, MO, NY)l moist forest on
s t e e p - s i d e dr i d g e - 5k m W o f R i n c 6 n d e O s a , O s a P e n i n s u l a B
, o42'N,83"31'W,50-200 m, Jan fl.
B u r g e r & L i e s n e r 7 2 2 - l ( C R , F ) ; p r i m a r y f o r e s t 2 k m N W o f P a l m a r N o r t e , B ' 5 8 ' 3 0 " N , 1 3 3 " 2 8W
' ,
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100-300 m, May fl, Grayum er al. 7538 (MO); disturbed primary forest, Rinc6n de Osa, 20-300 m,
Feb fl, Liesner 1772 (MO). 1961(MICH); Rinc6n de Osa, Oct fr, Mata U.47-l (CR).
This speciesis known only from the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica and adjacent areason the mainland; the epithet reflects that provenance,ursa in Latin and
osa in Spanishboth meaning she-bear.Bunchosia ursana is distinguishedfrom all
other described speciesby its large nearly glabrous leaves,minute stipules, glandular-fimbriate petals, posterior petal with a very long claw, filaments alternating
between long and short, glabrous tricarpellate gynoecium with the styles connate
at base,coherent in middle, and free at apex, and three large peltate stigmas.
Bunchosia veluticarpa W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TypE: CosrA RIcn. Puntarenas:
Mo n teverde l ow er communi ty, P aci fi csl ope,10' 18' N , 84o48'W , pr em onta n e wet forest, 1350m, A ug fr, A nderson 13805(hol otype: MICH! ; isoFig.1.
t y p e s :B M ! , C A S ! , C R ! , D U K E ! , F ! , M E X U ! , M O ! , N Y ! ) .
Arbor 4-18 m alta, ramis primo dense et pertinaciter aureosericeis.Lamina
foliorum majorum 12-20.5 cm longa, 5.5-8.5 cm lata. supra primo aureosericea
mox glabrata, subtus pertinaciter tomentosa. Inflorescentia 5-9 cm longa, sine
foliis vegetativis.Petala flava, omnia eglandulosavel petalum posticum basi limbi
parum glandulosum, 4 interiora abaxialiter sparsim sericea.Antherae connectivo
luteo vel brunneolo. Ovarium tricarpellatum, densissimetomentosum; stylus (ex 3
stylis connatis) tomentosus, stigmate trilobo. Fructus usque ad 3 cm longus, 2.5
cm diametro, dense et pertinaciter tomentosus.
Trees 4-18 m tall; stems densely and persistently golden-sericeousduring the
first year, glabrescentin later years. Lamina of larger leaves 12-20.5cm long, 5.58.5 cm wide, elliptical or slightly obovate, cuneate at base, mostly acuminate
(s o me ti m e so b tuse or acute) at apex, beari ng severalsmal l i mpressedglands abaxially against base of midrib and many others scattered throughout lamina, initially loosely golden-sericeousabove but soon glabrate except for midrib, densely
a n d p e rs i s te ntl y tomentose bel ow , the hai rs of the mi dri b mostl y golden and
appressed,those of lamina white, with a relatively short stalk and a crosspiece11 .5 m m l o n g , s i nuousto tw i sted;peti ol e 8-f2 mm l ong, l oosel yseri ceous,eglandular or more commonly bearing a pair of impressed glands between middle and
a p e x a n d a s mal l bul bous gl and at base near one or both sti pul es;sti pu les1. 5- 2
mm long, borne on adaxial face of petiole at base, triangular, abaxially hairy,
adaxially glabrous. Inflorescence an axillary pseudoraceme without vegetative
leaves,goldcn-sericcousto subvelutinous,5-9 cm long, the 9-24 flowers borne in
no regular order; bracts 1-2.5 mm long, triangular, peduncle 1-3 mm long; bracteo l e s a p i c a l ,0 .7-1.5mm l ong, egl andul aror more commonl y 1 or both b ear ing a
small abaxial gland; pedicel 4-5 mm long in flower, 7-B mm long in fruit. Sepals
c a 1 m m l o n g beyond gl ands,rounded, densel y tomentose abaxi al l y except near
m a rg i n , c i l i a te on margi n, adaxi al l ygl abrous,appressedi n anthesi s,the glands 10,
2-3 mm long. free or some connate in pairs, glabrous. Petals yellow, all but the
o u te rm o s tv e ry sparsel yseri ceousabaxi al l yon cl aw and proxi mal mi dri b, t he claw
c a 1 mm l o n g, the l i mb ca 2.5-4 mm l ong, l argest and most deepl y co ncave in
o u te rm o s t p e t al . al l enti re or erose but egl andul ar or thc posteri or w i t h sever al
s l i g h tl y g l a n d u l ar thi ckeni ngs near base of l i mb. Fi l aments 2.5-3 mm long, glab ro u s , c a l l 2 connate; anthers 0.8-1.5 mm l ong, gl abrous,pressedagainst st yle
i n a n th e s i s ,th e connecti veyel l ow or l i ght brow n, non-gl andul ar.Ovary 1. 5 m m
1993
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/
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\r
--=_..,-__.f
I
FIG. I . Bunchosia veluticarpa. a) fruiting branch. x0.5, with enlargement of dctachecl leaf
s h o w i n g a b a x i a l g l a n d s a n d v e s t u r e ,x 5 , a n d s e p a r a t eh a i r s , x 1 0 ; b ) i m m a t u r e f r u i t , x 1 . 5 ; c ) f l o w e r ,
s i d e v i e w , x 5 ; d ) p o s t e r i o r p e t a l , a d a x i a l v i e w , x - 5 ;e ) a n t h e r , a b a x i a l v i e w , x 1 0 ; f ) w h o l e g y n o e c i u m
a n d c r o s s - s e c t i o no f o v a r y , b o t h x l 0 . D r a w n b y K a r i n D o u t h i t , a - b f r o m H a r t s h o r n t 9 0 4 . c - ' f f r o m
Haber 30,1.
high, depressed-globose,
tricarpellate, very densely tomentose; style (formed by 3
completely connate) 2.5 mm long, tomentose its whole length, the stigma massive,
3-lobed. Immature fruit 15-25 mm long, 75-25 mm in diameter, green, orbicular
to obovoid, at maturity (?) up to 30 mm long, turning yellowish, all sizes seen
densely and peristently tomentose or subvelutinous with short twisted hairs, the
vesture partially and unevenly abraded from some of the largest fruits, probably
after collection.
A u o t r t r t N n l S p n c ' l l r a EE
NxsR n a l N p oC
. o s t a R i c a . C n n - r n < ; oM
: o r a v i a - L a C h a n c h e r a . 1 3 0 0m . L e 6 n
la01 (US);2-5 km SE of Turrialba betwecn Jicotea and Moravia, wet sccondary subtropical forest,
1 0 0 0 m , D e c f l , L i t t l e 2 0 1 8 6 ( C R ) . - P u N T A R F , N A SM
: o n t e v e r d e , 1 4 0 0 - l - 5 0 0m , J u l f r , D r y e r 1 5 8 6 ( F ,
MICH. Mo), Mar fl. Haber 303 (MICH), Jul fr, Hartshorn t90q (MrcH,Mo)'
M o n t e v c r c l e , 1 3 0 0m .
p a s t u r e , S e p f r , H a b e r e r B e l l o & C l a g g e t5 5 - 1 2( M I C H ) ; M o n t e v e r d e t o S a n L u i s V a l l e y , c l i f f e d e e
a l o n g R f o S a n L u i s , 1 0 0 0 - 1 4 0 0m , J u l f r , H a m m e l 1 7 0 9 2 ( M I C H ) .
Bunchosia veluticarpa is named for its densely and persistently hairy fruit,
which is unlike anything I have seen in the tricarpellate speciesof thc genus, in
which the ovary is often hairy but the hairs soon fall from the enlarging fruit.
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Other noteworthy characteristicsare the sparsely sericeouspetals and the many
small glands scattered over the abaxial surface of the lamina. The tomentose
leavesresemble those of B. biocellataSchlecht.,which seemsnot to occur south of
Nicaragua.
Adr. Juss.,Ann. Sci.Nat. Bot., 56r. 2, 13: 330.1840.Burdachiaprismatocarpa
TypE:BRazrl.Amazdnas:Rio Negro,Tef6 ["Teffe"], Martius (lectotype,
h e r ed e s i s n a t e P
d :- J U1 1 5 0 2 ! ) .
Jussieu had two syntypes,the Martius collection cited above and a specimen
of Poeppig 2911 from the same locality. Now that I have had the opportunity to
study the specimensat Paris, I consider the best lectotype to be the Martius sheet
in the JussieuHerbarium; Jussieureceived it as a gift from Martius in 1836.
Byrsonima altissima DC., Prodr. 1: 519.1824.Malpighia altissimaAublet, Hist. Pl.
Guiane 1: 455. 1775, not M. altissima Jacquin, 1764. Byrsonima aubletii
Kostermans,Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijksuniv.Utrecht 25:70.1936.-TvpE:
A ubl et (hol otype:BM ! ) .
F n n N c HGurnN n." In syl vi sS i nemari ensi bus,"
Byrsonima discolor Pilger, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 179. 1937.Typn: Bnnzrl. Par6: ilhas altas do Macujubinsinho, Ducke s.n. (holotype:
RB 209s0!).
In 1982(p. 115) I describedthis rare plant under the name Byrsonima aubletii
Ko s te rm a n s .w hi ch w as a mi stake. D e C andol l e' scombi nati on based on Aublet 's
illegitimate name was inadmissible,but the epithet altissimawas not preoccupied
in Byrsonima, so I should have treated De Candolle's B, altissima as a new species
dating from 1824. The New York Botanical Garden now has specimensof this
speciesfrom MaranhSo, and in those the leavesare substantiallylarger than in previous collections(lamina to27 cm long and 13.5cm wide, petiole to 50 mm long).
B y rs o n i ma b l a ncheti anaMi q., Li nnaea 22:199.1850.-Tvpe: B nnzrr-.B ah ia: Jacob i n e M o ri ti ba, B l anchet3627 (hol otype:U ?; i sotypes:B M!, K !, MO ! , P! ) .
Niedenzu (1928, p.752) recognized this species,placing it next to Byrsonima
correi.folia Adr. Juss., 1833. In synonymy under B. blanchetiana he placed the
earlier name B. bicorniculata Adr. Juss., 1840, which he rejected on the basis of
the fact that its name was based on an error of Jussieu'sand did not accurately
describe its anthers; that, of course, is not an acceptable basis for rejecting a
name. Moreover, Niedenzu's kev (p. 694) separatesB. blanchetianafrom B. correifolia on the basis of leaf shape,which is a difficult and variable character, and
stipules supposedly distinct in B. blanchetiana,whrch is incorrect. Nevertheless,
having now studied the types of all three species,I am maintaining B. blanchetiana as a good species.The most useful charactcr distinguishingB. blanchetianars
the hairs on the abaxial surface of the lamina; they are sessileand have strongly
twisted branches,producing a tightly tomentose vesture. In B. correiJolia and B.
bicornicttlutathe abaxial leaf hairs are long-stalked,with branchesthat are straight
to somewhat twisted. Also, in B. blanchetiana the lamina is small, obovate, and
tapered at the base,as noted by Niedenzu; its anthers are sericeous,with the connective much exceedingthe locules and recurved at the apex. Byrsonima blanchetiana
h a s b e e n c o l l e ctcd repeatedl y i n recent years i n central B ahi a, by R . Har ley,
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36r
myself, and others. As for B. correifolia and B. cornicnlata,I remain undecided as
to whether they both deserve to be recognized. There are differences between
their types, but the two taxa are clearly closely related, and the more I see of the
variation in their collections the more I doubt that they will both stand. but that
problem needs more study.
Byrsonima concinna Bentham, London J. Bot. 7: 122. 1848.-Type: VENEZTJF.LA
["BnrrrsH GurANA"]. Bol(var: Roraima, Robt. Schomburgk II 587/Rich.
Schomburgk 912 (holotype: K! ["587 (9I2)"h isotypes: BM! [587], CGE!
[5 8 7 & 912, mounted together],F! [587],K ! [912],N Y ! [912],P ! [ 587] ,W
[s87]).
Byrsonima bracteolarisBentham, London J. Bot. 7: 123. 1848.-TvpE: "BRrrrsH
Gu rn N a." R obt. S chomburgk(hol otype:K !).
I misapplied the name Byrsonima bracteolaris rn my treatment of the Malp i g h i a c e a eo f th e Guayana H i ghl and (1981,p. 109).S tudy of the type revealsit t o
lack vegetative vesture and to have the pedicel quite erect in fruit, so it has to be
considered a specimen of B. concinna with hairy sepals.The two are listed here
for the purpose of ensuring that the well-known epithet concinna is retained when
the two simultaneouslypublished names are considered synonyms.The speciesI
treated under the name B. bracteolarisin 1981is describedbelow as B. duidana.
Byrsonima duidana W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Tvpn: VENrezupln.Amazonas:
Cerro Duida, summit, along valley forest between Central Camp and
Brocchinia Hills, 7675 m, Aug fl, Steyermark5BI12 (holotype: NY!; isot y p e :V E N ! ) .
Frutex vel arbor parva 2-4 m alta, ramis vegetativis sericeismox vel demum
glabratis. Lamina foliorum majorum elliptica vel obovata, 5.5-9 cm longa, 3-4.5
cm lata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, margine straminea, primo sparsim sericea
mox glabrata, subtus non glauca;petiolus 8-12 (-15) mm longus; stipulae 2-3 mm
longae, liberae, obtusae. Inflorescentia floribus singulis, bracteis bracteolisque
1.5-3.5mm longis, 1.5-2.5mm latis, triangularibus.post maturitatefructuspersistentibus; pedicellus in fructu et floribus vetustioribus decurvatus. Sepala abaxialiter
sericeavel tomentosa,adaxialiterglabra,per anthesinappressa,in fructu accrescentia. Petala alba demum rosea. Antherae I.4-1.7 mm longae, glabrae, loculis 1.11.3 mm longis, dorsiventraliter complanatis, anguste alatis ala membranacea0.10.2 mm lata, connectivo loculos 0.2-0.5 mm superanti.Ovarium glabrum, styli ca 3
mm longi. Fructus 5 mm diametro,6 mm altus (siccus).
Shrubs or small trees 2-4 m tall; stems initially sericeous,soon or eventually
glabrate. Lamina of larger leaves 5.5-9 cm long, 31.5 cm wide, elliptical or obovate, cuneate at base, obtuse or rounded and sometimes apiculate or retuse
at apex, initially sparsely sericeous but soon quite glabrate, the margin yellow,
0.2-0.4 mm wide, revolute, not glaucous below, the lateral veins and reticulum
usually prominent below or on both sides; petiole 8-12 (-15) mm long, loosely
sericeous to glabrate; stipules 2-3 mm long, free, ovate, obtuse, abaxially sericeous to glabrate, adaxially glabrous except hirsute at base.Inflorescence5-10 cm
long, sericeousor tomentose, the flowers borne 1 per bract; bracts 1.5-3.5 mm
long (the lowest pair up to 6 mm long), I.5-2.5 mm wide, triangular, loosely
sericeousto nearly glabrous,spreading or reflexed, persistentpast maturity of the
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VOLUME 19
fruit; peduncle none; bracteoles like bracts but usually smaller; pedicel 5-7 mm
long, loosely sericeousor tomentose, circinate in bud, decurved in fruit and old
flowers. Sepalsall biglandular, 1.5 mm long beyond glands,ca2 mm wide, rounded
at apex, abaxially densely sericeousor appressed-tomentose,adaxially glabrous,
appressedin anthesis,accrescentin fruit; glands 1.6-2 mm long, pink. Petalswhite,
turning pink in age, glabrous, the outermost + completely covering all others in
bud. Filaments 2.6-2.8 mm long, abaxially glabrous, adaxially hirsute basally; anth e rs 1 .4 -I.7 m m l ong, gl abrous,the l ocul es 1.1-1.3mm l ong, dorsi ventr allyf lat tened and bearing prominent membranous longitudinal wings 0.7-0.2 mm wide,
the connective exceedinglocules by 0.2-0.5 mm, the extension globose,glandular,
inserted slightly between locules.Ovary ca 1 mm high, glabrous, all 3 locules fertile;
stylesca 3 mm long, curved toward anterior sepal.Fruit 5 mm in diameter,6 mm high
(dried), ovoid, glabrous, subtended by the accrescentreddish calyx, the nut rugose.
A o o r r r o n a l S p e c r n r l r . rEsx R n a r Noe. V e n e z u e l a . A p r n z . o N n sC
: e r r o S i p a p o , e d g e o f s a v a n n a .B a s e
Camp, 125 m. Magltire & Politi 28287 (NY); Cerro Duida: forested and open area on plateau of
D u i d a a b o v e C u l e b r a , 3 ' 3 6 ' N . 6 5 " 4 2 ' W , 1 2 5 0m , L i e s n e r & M o r i l l o I 8 6 I B ( M I C H ) I O r i n o c o R i v e r .
3 0 k m b e l o w L a U r b a n a , t 3 0m , M a g u i r e & M a g u i r e l r . 2 9 0 6 9 ( N Y ) : o p c n s c r u b , C a n o N e g r o b a s i n ,
2000-2300 m, Maguire et al. 29679 (NY, VE,N); summit, 1320-1440 m, Tate 566, 595 & 740 (all NY);
C e r r o M a r a h u a c a , f o r e s t c d s t c e p s a n d s t o n e s o u t h e a s t - f a c i n gs l o p e s a n d b l u f f s , a b o v c b r a n c h o f
C a f r o N e g r o , s o u t h - c e n t r a lp o r t i o n o f m e s e t a ,d o w n s t r e a m f r o m " S i m a C a m p . " 3 ' 4 3 ' N , 6 5 ' 3 1 ' W ,
1220-1350 m, Steyerntark & Holst 13063-f(MICH).
Collected with flowers in August and from January to March, and with fruits
i n N o v e m b e r a n d March.
This is the species I treated under the name Byrsonima bracteolaris Bentham
in 19t11,see the discussion above under B. concinna. lt is distinguished by its
initially sericeousstems and leaves, the pedicels that are decurved in fruits and
old flowers, the yellow margin of the lamina, and fact that the flowers are never
more than one per bract.
Byrsonima macrophylla (Pers.) W. R. Anderson, comb. nov. Malpighia macrop h y l l a P ers.,S yn. P l . 1: 506. 1805.-Tvpe: B R nzrr-.(hol otype:P -JU 11485! ) .
Byrsonima nervosa DC., Prodr. I: 579. I824.-TvpE: Bnazrr-. (holotype: GD C , F i el d Mus. neg. 8024!).
This is a distinctive species of central Brazil, a shrub or small tree usually
growing among rocks in the Serra do Espinhago of Minas Gerais and Bahia. Its
large leaves,rugose above and densely and persistentlytomentose bclow, make it
easy to recognize, even in a photograph. Persoon's type was not seen by De
Candolle, who cited the Persoon name as a possible synonym. Jussieu received
fragments of De Candolle's type from him, which are in a packet mounted on the
P-JLJ sheet that bears Persoon's type, so Jussieu knew the two were the same
s p e c i e s ,b u t i n hi s Monographi e (1843, p. 287) he used D e C andol l e 's nam e,
presumably because it was the oldest name in the correct genus, and cited the
Pe rs o o n n a m e as a synonym. N i edenzu (1928,p.7a\ w as never abl e to see t he
specimensin Paris, so he cited the Persoon name as a possible synonym for B.
nervosa DC., noting that if it really was the same speciesthe correct name would
have to be B. macrophylla. Having studied Persclon'stype, I can attest to its
identity, and therefore see no alternative to taking up his name rn Byrsonima.
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363
ByrsonimamicrophyllaAdr. Juss.,Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., S€r.2, 73: 334. 1840.P!; isolectoTypE:Bnazrl. Bahia:Blanchet48 (lectotype,here designated:
t y p e sB
: M!,P-JU!).
From Niedenzu's 1928 key and description rn Das Pflanzenreichtt is difficult
to get much of a concept of this species.In fact it turns out to be quite distinctive
and easily recognized, and it is of some ecological interest. Modern collectors
have found it repeatedly in recent years in the Municipio de Salvador between
the city of Salvador and the town of Itapud some 30 km to the northeast along the
coast, and I assume that Blanchet's three syntypes came from the same area. It
grows in restinga vegetation on white sand dunes, especially near the Lagoa de
Abaet6. The restingasfrom Salvador south are fairly well collected and I have not
seen this speciesfrom elsewhere,which suggeststhat it may be a narrow endemic.
If so, its continued existencemay be threatened by development of the coast for
tourist accommodations,although the nearnessof its sand dunes to the airport
may confer some protection. Some descriptive notes should make it easier for
collectors and conservationiststo recognizethis attractive plant:
Shrub 1-2 (-3) m tall, the stems tomentose, eventually glabrescent.Lamina of
l a rg e r l e a v e sI.7 1cm l ong, 1.4-2.7cm w i de, el l i pti cal or obovate to suborbicular ,
truncate or subcordate at base, slightly revolute at margin, broadly obtuse to
rounded at apex, thinly tomentose to glabrate above, persistently moderately to
densely tomentose below, the hairs medifixed and sessilewith twisted arms, the
midrib with an admixture of straight hairs; petiole 2-3 (-3.5) mm long, stipules
1.5-2 mm long, completely and smoothly connate, the pair broadly obtuse or
rounded at apex. Inflorescence (2-) 3-6 cm long, bearing 6-12 (-16) flowers in
the distal two-thirds; bracts 2.5-3.5 mm long, narrowly triangular, persistent to
maturity of fruits or very belatedly deciduous;pedunclenone or up to 2 mm long in
the lowest flowers; bracteoleslike bracts but smaller; pedicel somewhat circinate
in bud, decurved in fruit. Sepals all biglandular, abaxially densely tomentose,
adaxially glabrous. revolute at the apex and eventuallyon the sides.Petalsinitially
white, turning red in age, the margin of the limb pilose with loose spreadinghairs.
Anthers glabrous, the locules cylindrical, the connective exceeded by locules.
Ovary glabrous.Fruit (dried) ca 5 mm in diameter.
Relatively few species of Byrsonima combine white petals with anthers in
which the connectivesare shorter than or about as long as the locules, and only
one such speciesother than B. microphyl/a occurs near the coast of Bahia. That is
B. cacaophila W. R. Anderson, which is otherwise quite unlike B. microphylla.
Byrsonima cacaophilars a tree 10-20 m tall that grows in the wet forests of cacao
plantations. It has large leaves (lamina 13-24 cm x 5.5-10 cm, petiole 72-32 mm
long), compound inflorescenceswith the cincinni bearing 1-3 flowers, sericeous
a n th e rs ,a n d l a rge frui ts (11 mm x 15-18 mm dri ed).
The speciesthat most resemble B. microphylla are shrubs that grow in rocky
upland habitats of the Serra do Espinhago of Bahia and Minas Gerais, e.9., B.
oxyphylla Adr. Juss. and B. variabilis Adr. Juss. It seems likely that the ancestor of B. microphylla was adapted to the quartzitic sands of the Serra do
Espinhaqo and then managed to invade the sandy restingas.A parallel is to be
found in Peixotoa,where P. hispidula Adr. Juss.is a restinga speciesin a genus of
speciesthat occur mostly in cerrado and campo rupestre; see the monograph by
C . A n d e rs o n (1 982).
364
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
HERBARIUM
V O L U M E ,1 9
Byrsonima rigida Adr. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 56,r.2, 13 334. 1840.-TvpE:
B n n z rr. Mato Grosso:Gaudi chaad(hol otype:P !, Fi el d Mus. neg. 35562) .
Byrsonima gaultherioidesGriseb. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 12(1):112. 1858.Byrsonima cornifolia Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hosianum
Brauns-berg 1: 12. 7901, nom. superfl.-TvpE: Bnaztl. Goiils: Retiro, Rio
"fJruhf" [Urubf?] , Pohl lI07 (lectotype, here designated:W, Field Mus.
neg.32477t).
This is a pretty pink-flowered shrub or subshrub with slender branchesfrom a
subterranean woody base, common in the cerrados of the Planalto of Brazil.
Niedenzu (1928) recognized both Byrsonima rigida and B. gaultherioides. I can
see tendenciestoward differences,but no clear basis for recognizing two species.
Plants from Mato Grosso (8. rigida sensu stricto) tend to be taller, stouter, and
more branched, to spring from a stouter more erect rootstock, and to have shorter
petioles and narrower leaves,whereas the plants from farther east (8. gaultherioides) tend to have shorter, slenderer, less-branchedstems from a finer decumbent rootstock; their petioles are often longer and their leaves wider. There is
overlap in all these characters, and until field studies permit evaluation of the
habit and rootstock differencesit seemsbest to treat these populations as a single
species.
Niedenzu (1928) treated Byrsonima rigida sens. lat. and B. triopterifolia Adr.
Juss. as the only members of his subseriesEurylepis.I agree that they are very
similar and probably closely related, sharing these characteristics:leaves soon
glabrate; stipules distinct; bracts and bracteoles persistent past maturity of the
fruits; pedicels decurved in fruit; sepalsglabrous on both sides;petals pink, sometimes fading to white; anthers glabrous, the locules cylindrical and not exceeded
at the apex by the connective;ovary glabrous; fruits ca 5 mm in diameter (dried).
The two can be distinguishedby the charactersin the following couplet:
1 . S l e n d e rs t e m s f r o m a w o o d y u n d e r g r o u n db a s e , 0 . 2 - l ( - 1 . 5 ) m t a l l ; l a m i n a ( 1 . 5 - ) 2 - 3 ( - 4 )
times as long as wide, mostly elliptical or somewhat ovate; lateral veins and the coarser
veinlets of the lamina prominent, but not the finest reticulum; red-clay cerrados of Minas
B. rigida
Gerais. Goiiis. the Distrito Federal. Mato Grosso. and Mato Grosso do Sul.
l. Woody,bushyshrubsl-3 m tall; lamina1-1.7(-1.9) timesas long aswide,ellipticalor more
veinletsand fine reticulumvisibleand+ promcommonlyobovateto orbicular;intermediate
inent on both sidesof the lamina,or at least abaxially;sandy soils among outcropsof
q u a r t z i t i cs a n d s t o n e B
, ahia.
B. triopterifolia.
Camarea humifusa W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TvpE: Bnazrr-. Goiiis: Mun. Alto
Paraiso. ca 20 km S of Alto Paraiso on highway GO-IZ, rocky campo at
b a s e o f hi l l , 1100 m, Feb fl, Anderson 11465 (holotype: MBM!; isotypes:
MICH!, NY!).
Fiq. 2.
Herba perennisramis procumbentibuse xylopodio turbinato radiantibus.Lamina foliorum majorum 12-26 mm longa, 3-7 mm lata, pilis omnibus medifixis;
petiolus 0.5-1 mm longus. Flores omnes chasmogami,plerumque in umbellis terminalibus 2-4-floris portati; pedunculus 70-22 mm longust pedicellus 3-5 mm
longus. Petala aurantiaca,glabra, integra vel parum erosa; petalum posticum ungue 4-4.5 mm longo, limbo ca 5 mm longo, T mm lato. Filamenta 3.2-4 mm longa,
glabra; antherae fertiles 0.7-0.8 mm longae, glabrae. Gynoecium glabrum; stylus
c a 4 .5 m m l o n sus.
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W . R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E - I V
\
.,-a;
I
/\
\
r\
lt
365
)
\
i
\\\"
\'.-.----""
\+
i
l
j
FIG. 2. Camareahumifusa. a) habit, x0.5; b) base of leaf, abaxial view, x5. and leaf gland, side
v i e w , x 2 5 : c ) f l o w c r , v i e w e d f r o m a b o v e w i t h p o s t e r i o r p e t a l u p p e r m o s t , x 2 . - 5 1d ) f l o w e r w i t h p e t a l s
removed. side view with anterior scpal in front, x5. Drawn by Karin Douthit from Anderson I1465.
Perennial herb with strongly procumbent branchesup to 25 cm long radiating
from a flat-topped turbinate xylopodium up to 30 mm in diameter; stems wiry, up
to 0.8 mm in diameter, initially subsericeous,glabrescent in age, the hairs fine,
medifixed with arms of equal length, initially straight and more or less appressed
but the arms often rising and becoming somewhat sinuous in age. Leaves strictly
d e c u s s a tel;a m i n a of l arger l eaves12-26 mm l ong,3-7 mm w i de, l i near-l anceolat e
or narrowly ovate to ovate, cuneate to rounded at base, flat or very slightly
revolute at margin. acute at apex, eglandular or biglandular below near base with
I small peltate gland on each side of midrib borne on surface of lamina somewhat
in from margin, densely sericeouson margins and abaxial midrib and thinly sericeous on adaxial surface and midrib, the hairs like stem hairs or V-shaped on the
adaxial midrib, the older leaves sometimes glabrescent,the lateral veins obscure
or invisible on both sides; petiole 0.5-1 mm long, sericeous;stipules ca 0.3 mm
long, dark, subulate, borne on stem beside base of petiole. Flowers all chasmogamous, borne in a terminal umbel of (l-) 2-4 subtended by a pair of small vegetative leaves;floriferous bracts and bracteoles 1-1.5 mm long, narrowly triangular,
the bracteoles borne at apex of peduncle; peduncle 10-22 mm long, pedicel 3-5
mm long, both sericeousor glabrescentlike stems. Sepals2.5-3 mm long, I.3-I.7
mm wide, distinct, ovate or elliptical, rounded at apex, entire or slightly erose,
abaxially sericeousin center and glabrous toward margin, sparselyciliate on margin, adaxially glabrous,flat and appressedin anthesis,the anterior eglandular,the
lateral 4 biglandular with the glands 1.3-1.5 mm long, elliptical. Petals orangeyellow, glabrous, entire or somewhat erose; lateral petals spreading,the claw 21.5
C O N ' | R .U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E , R B A R I U M
366
d,
VOLUME 19
"1.t-',
/l
F I G . 3 . ( ) a r n u r e a s a r i c ' e a .a ) h a b i t , x 0 . 5 1 b ) b a s e o f l e a f , a d a x i a l v i e w , x 2 . 5 t c ) b a s e o f l e a f ,
a b a x i a l v i c w , x 2 . - 5 d, ) a n d r o e c i u ma n d g y n o e c i u m .s i d c v i e w , t h e t h r e e s t a m e n st o r i g h t o p p o s i t e t h e
p o s t c r i o r p c t a l a n d a d j a c e n t s e p a l s ,x 5 ; c ) m e r i c a r p , s i d e v i e w . x 5 . D r a w n b y K a r i n D o u t h i t , a - d
f r o m P o h l 1 9 8 7( W ) . c f r o m ( i l a z . i o u 2 0 7 1 7 ( B R )
mm long. the limb 6-7 mm in diameter, obovate or nearly circular; posterior petal
e re c t, th e c l a w 4-4.5 mm l ong, the l i mb ca 5 mm l ong and 7 mm w i de, oblat e.
A n d ro e c i u m g l abrous,compri si ng4 ferti l e stamens,opposi te the poster ior pet al,
posterior-lateralsepals,and anterior sepal, ancl2 staminodes,opposite the anteriorl a te ra l s e p a l s:fi l aments strai ght, 3.2-4 mm l ong, shortest opposi te the ant er ior
of
s e p a l ,th e a n teri or 3 connateonl y at base,the posteri or 3 connatefor ca 213- 415
thcir lcnsth: fertile anthers 0.7-0.8 mm long; anthers of staminodesconverted into
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W . R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E - I V
367
oblate lobed verrucose petaloid bodies 1.5-2 mm in diameter. Gynoecium glabrous; carpels 3, I anterior and 2 posterior, free but borne on a common torus,
each bearing a dorsal crest and 1 lateral crest on each side; style 1, ca 4.5 mm
long, straight, borne on inner face of anterior carpel, the stigma apical, capitate,
elliptical. Fruit unknown.
This speciesis most llke CamareasericeaSt.-Hil., another speciesof the campos of Goiiis. However, the strongly procumbent habit of C. humifusa sets it apart
from C, sericea, and from other species of the genus. When more and better
specimensare available,with ample flowers and fruits, it may well prove possible
to find additional differences between C. humifusa and C. sericea.Compare Figure 2
(C. humifusa) to Figure 3 (C. sericea).
C l o n o d i a c o mp l i cata(H . B .K .) w . R . A nderson, Mem. N ew Y ork B ot. Gar d. 32:
206. 798I. Hiraea complicata H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 5 [quarto]: 171.
7822.Mascagniacomplicata (H. B. K.) Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Kdnigl.
Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 3: 4. 1908.-Type: VENEzuET-n.
Bolivar:
Carichana, Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype: P-HBK!, Field
Mus. ne5.37478).
Hiraea nitida H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 5 [quarto]: 17I. 1822.Mascagnia niticla
(H . B. K . ) N i ed., A rbei ten B ot. Inst. K oni gl . Lyceums H osi anum Br aunsberg 3: 4. 1908.-TvpE: VENpzuEr-a.Amazonas: S. Barbara del Alto Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype: P-HBK!, Field Mus. neg.37479).
In my 1981 paper on the Malpighiaceae of the GuayanaHighland, I speculated
(pp.206 and 209) that Hiraea nitida might represent an earlier name for Clonodia
racemosa (Adr. Juss.) Nied., or a simultaneously published second name for C.
complicata, or possibly some speciesnot treated in my paper. Now that I have
studied the types of both H. complicata and H. nitida I can report that they are
indeed conspecific,and my purpose here is simply to place H. nitida formally in
synonymy to ensure that the epithet complicata will continue in use for this species.
Echinopterys eglandulosa(Adr. Juss.) Small, N. Amer. FL.25 148. 1910.Bunchosia
eglandulosaAdr. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 56r. 2, 13: 325. 1840. Echinopterys lappttla Adr. Juss., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 342. 7843, nom.
superfl.-TvpE: MExrco. Puebla: inter Acatliin & Chila, Andrieux 498 (lectotype, here designated:P!, the sheet annotated by Jussieu;isolectotypes:
K!,2 s h eets,both annotated by Jussi eu;P -JU II534l ; P !, the sheet not
a n n o ta te dby Jussi eu).
In my visits of the last ten years to P and K I have annotated as syntypes of
this name their specimensof Andrieux 498 and Galeotti 4328.even though Jussieu
did not annotate the K sheetsof Galeotti 4328 and annotated the P sheet of 4328
only with his later, superfluous name, Echinopterys lappula. I was treating those
two collections as syntypes of the 1840 name becauseboth are cited in the 1843
Monographie. Jussieucited no specimensin his 1840 Synopsis,so it is necessary
to work from the Monographie when deciding what his types were, and because
the two publications were only three years apart this practice is usually satisfactory.
However, in this case it led me astray. I now rcalize that he had only Andrieux
498 before 1840,which explains why only that specimenat P bears his annotations
of both Bunchosia eglandulosa and Echinopterys lappula. Galeotti returned from
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VOLUME 19
Mexico to Europe late in 1840,after the Synopsiswas published, at which time he
began arranging, numbering, and distributing his collections (McVaugh 1978).
Paris must have received a sheet of Galeotti 4328 sometime between 1840 and
1843,and that cannot be considered a syntype of Jussieu's1840 name. There are
now three sheetsof Andrieux 948 at Paris, two in the general herbarium and one
i n P -J U , b u t Jussi eu' snote i n the Monographi e, p. 342 (" u. s. herb. m us. Par . ")
indicates that he did not acquire his own sheet of 498 until later, and the fact that
only one of the sheetsin the general herbarium bears his annotation suggeststhat
the second sheet may have been acquired later. Therefore, I am designating the
annotated sheet of Andrieux 498 in the general herbarium at Paris the lectotype
of Bunchosia eglandulosa.
Malpighiaceaetribe Gaudichaudieae(Adr. Juss.)W. R. Anderson, stat. nov. Malpighiaceaesubfamily Gaudichaudioideae("Gaudichaudieae") Adr. Juss.,
An n . S ci . N at. B ot.. S dr.2, 13:249.1tt40.
Jussieu published this name with this spelling in 1840, but Morton (1968)
argued that he was using it as the name of a subfamily whose spelling had to be
corrected to Gaudichaudioideae.I think the argument might be made that Jussieu
used the name in parallel with other names at the level of tribe, but I must admit
that he also used it as a major subdivision of the family; it actually seemsto have
done double duty. While I would prefer to attribute the name of this tribe to
Jussieu, I am validating it here at the level of tribe against the possibility that
others will agree with Morton that the name has never been published, in spite of
the fact that Jussieu's spelling is correct for a tribe under the present Code of
Nomenclature.
Heteropterys alternifolia W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TvpE: Bnazrl. Bahia: Km
10-15 da BR 367 Porto Seguro para Eunapolis [39"10' W, 76'25' S], Oct
fl , E u puni no 330 (hol otype:C E P E C !; i sotype:MIC H !).
Fig. 4.
Liana lignosa, frutex, vel arbor usque ad 8 m alta, ramis sericeis.Folia alterna,
subopposita,vel aliquando opposita: lamina foliorum majorum 6-10.3 cm longa,
2-4 cm lata, elliptica, basi cuneata. margine revoluta, apice obtusa vel rotundata
saepe apiculata, supra permox glabrata, subtus pertinaciter metallosericeaet aliquot glandulis parvis marginalibus munita; petiolus 4-13 mm longus, plerumque
biglandulifer prope medium. Inflorescentia umbella (3-) 4-6-flora, pedunculo 3-6
mm longo, pedicello 5-7 mm longo. Petala lutea, glabra, carinata; petalum posticum limbo glandulosodentato proximaliter. Antherae f4.2 mm longae. Samara
35-50 mm longa, ala dorsali 30-42 mm longa, 12-20 mm lata, nuce 5-8 mm diametro, lateribus laevibusvel unicristatiscrista brevi, usque ad 1.5 mm lata.
Woody vine, shrub to 4 m tall, or tree to 8 m tall; stems terete, sericeousto
glabrate, bearing many small lenticels. Leaves alternate, subopposite, or sometimes opposite, varying on the same stem; lamina of larger leaves6-10.3 cm long,
2-4 cm wide, elliptical or slightly ovate or obovate, cuneate at base, slightly to
strongly revolute at margin, obtuse to rounded and often apiculate at apex, glabrous or very soon glabrate above, densely and persistently golden-, bronze-, or
silvery-metallosericeousbelow with the hairs very short and tightly appressed,
bearing a row of small glands below from base to apex. at or just within margin
(these hidden when margin is revolute), the fine reticulum often prominent above;
I 993
369
W . R . A N D E , R S O NM
: ALPIGHIACE,AE_IV
w
r/et
/
),i
l-\
(;
c..'. ;i
.;
"-,"*#rr*
,J
-*=.r
a\
(
iffil
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'/r frru}
/
i
I
/
I
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!
)
FIG.4. Heteropterysalternifolla. a) fkrwering branch, x0.7, with enlargcment of adaxial leal'
: ) flowcr, antcritlr view.
s u r l ' a c e x, 2 ; b ) l c a f b a s c . a b a x i a l v i e w , x 3 . 5 ; c ) u m b e l o l I ' l o w c r b u d s . x 3 . - 5 d
x 4 . 7 , e ) p o s t e r i o r p e t a l . x 4 . 7 , f ) a n t h e r s ,a b a x i a l v i e w ( l e f t ) a n d a d a x i a l v i e w ( r i g h t ) , x 1 7 ; g ) s t i g m a .
x 2 7 ; h ) s a m a r a , x 1 . 3 . D r a w n b y K a r i n D o u t h i t , a - g f r o m E u p u n i n o 3 - 1 0 .h f r o m I t a r l e y e t a L .1 7 8 0 7 .
petiole 4-13 mm long, sericeousto glabrate, most often biglandular near middle
but sometimesbearing 3-4 glands and occasionallyeglandular; stipules not found.
Inf'lorescencesericeous,an axillary or terminal umbel of (3-) 4-6 flowers, or a
raceme of umbels, the stalk of the umbel 6-20 mm long; bracts and bracteoles
persistent,eglandular, triangular or ovate, mostly appressed,abaxially sericeous,
adaxially glabrous: bracts 0.8-1.2 (-2) mm long; peduncle and pedicel slender,
0.4-0.8 mm in diameter; peduncle 3-6 mm long; bracteolcs 0.5-0.9 mm long,
b o rn e a t o r o c c a si onal l ybel ow apex of peduncl e;pcdi cel 5-7 mm l ong (-10 m m in
fru i t), u s u a l l yl o n ger than peduncl e.S epal s1-2 mm l ong beyond gl ands,1-1. 4 m m
w i d e , tri a n g u l a r,p ressedagai nstfi l aments i n anthesi s,abaxi al l y seri ceous,adaxia l l y g l a b ro u s ,th e anteri or egl andul ar,the l ateral 4 bi gl andul ar,the gl ands 1. 8- 3
310
C O N T R .U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M
VOLUME 19
mm long, elliptical. free at apex, the 2 glands adjacent to posterior petal sometimes long-decurrent. Petals yellow, glabrous, abaxially carinate, the lateral 4 reflexed, with claw 1-1.5 mm long and limb 3-4 mm long, 1.8-2.5mm wide, denticulate; posterior petal erect to reflexed, with claw ca 2 mm long and limb 3-3.3 mm
long, 2.2-2.1 mm wide, glandular-dentateon the proximal Il2-213. Filaments 1.52 mm long, glabrous, Il3-712 connate, straight or distally curved sideways or
backwards;anthers l-1.2 mm long, glabrous, alike, reflexed in anthesis.Ovary 1.5
m m h i g h , s e ri ceous;styl es ca 1.3-1.5 mm l ong, gl abrous,di vergent, tr uncat e or
rounded dorsally at apex. Samara 35-50 mm long, sericeous,borne nearly erect;
dorsal wing 3(H2 mm long, 12-20 mm wide; nut subspheroidal,5-8 mm in diameter,
smooth-sidedor bearing a single short lateral crest up to 1.5 mm wide.
Auurr.roxnr.Spr-.c:rvr,N
E ,sx R r v r r N EBor: a z i l . B n s r n : M u n . M a r a f , B R - 0 3 0 , K m 1 1 P o r t o d e C a m p i n h o s - M a r a f . r c s t i n g a , F c b f . r . C a r v a l h o & M a t t o s S i l v a2 1 3 ( K , M I C H ) t M u n . S a l v a d o r , d u n a s n o s
a r r e d o r c sd a l a g 6 a d c A b a c t i , M a y f r , C a r v a l h o e t a \ . 6 9 2 ( M I C H . N Y ) : l 2 k m S a l o n g r o a d f r o m
P o r t a l d e I l h d u s j u s t p a s t C u r u r u p e , 3 9 " 1 ' W , 1 1 " 5 4 ' S . d i s t u r b e d r e s t i n g a .s e a l e v e l , J a n f r , H a r l e y
et al. 17807 (MICH); Mun. Salvador, road from Itapud to Acroporto at intcrscction with Avenida
L u i s V i a n a F i l h o , 1 2 " , 5 - 5 ' S , 3 9 " 2 1W . r e l i c t a r e a o f h i g h d u n e s , n e a r s e a l e v e l , F c b f r . P l o w m a n
& B r i t t o 1 3 9 5 2( F , M I C H ) ; M u n . S a n t a C r u z d e C a b r i l l i a , 6 - 7 k m d e S a n t a C r u z d e C a b r i i l i a n a
antiga estrada para a Estagao Ecol6gica do Pau-Brasil. rcstinga arbustiva, Dec fl. Sant'Ana 139
(MrcH).
Heteropterys alternifolia belongs to series Metalktphyl/is Nied., a group of
closely related speciesthat is most diverse in eastern Brazil, especially near the
coast. All the other speciesof the series have strictly decussateleaves. Heteropterys coleoptera Adr. Juss., which is known from restingas from Piaui to Rio
Grande do Sul, is similar to H. alternifoliabut differs in its opposite leaves,nonre v o l u te l a m i na, pedi cel susual l y as l ong as or l onger than the peduncles,shor t er
anthers,and well-developed lateral winglets on the smaller samara.
Heteropterys brachiata (L.) DC., Prodr. 1: 59I. 1824.Banisteria brachiara L., Sp.
P L .4 2 8.1753.-TypE :H erb. C l i ffort. 169.B ani steri a2 (hol otype:BM ! ) .
Heteropterys tomentosa Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1838, not H.
tomen-tosaAdr. Juss.in St.-Hil., 1833.HeteropterysbeecheyanaAdr. Juss.,
An n . S ci . N at. B ot., S dr. 2, 13 218. 1840. B ani steri abeecheyana( Adr .
J u s s .) C . B . R ob. i n S mal l , N . A mer. Fl . 25: 134. 19l O.-Tvps : M nxr co.
Guerrero: Acapulco (holotype: K!, annotatcd as H. tomentosa(by Hooker?)
by A dr. Juss.;photo MIC H , W R A ncg. tl 1 - 6- 15) .
a n d a s H . beecheyano
H e te ro p te rysretusaJ. D . S mi th, B ot. Gaz. (C raw fordsvi l l e)16:2.18 91.Baniste ri a retusa (J. D . S mi th) C . B . R ob. i n S mal l , N . A mcr. FI . 25: 136.
, m i t h2 0 6 8( i s o t y p e :K ! ) .
1 9 1 0 . - T v p E :G u n T E M A L AE. s c u i n t l a S
136. 1910.Heteropteryssimulans
N.
Amer.
FI.25:
Banisteria sintulans Small,
(Small) Nied. in Engler, Pflanzenr.IV. 141: 3U0.1928.-TvpE: MExrco. San
Luis Potosf:Los Cafros,Palmer 258 in 1902(holotype: NY!; isotype:US!).
T h i s s p e ci esi s extremel y common, and correspondi ngl yvari abl e,th r oughout
M e x i c o a n d south i nto S outh A meri ca. N i edenzu (1928) rccogni ze d bot h H.
beecheyanaand H. brachiata. assigningonly four specimens from Venezuela to
th c l a tte r. H e w as never abl e to study the type of Li nnaeus' sname, w h ich I have
now done. It clearly representsthe speciescommonly called Heteropterysbeecheyana,
which must now be considered a synonym of H. brachiata. The following notes
r993
W . R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E , _ I V
371
w e re re c o rd e d for the Li nnaean type: stems w i th many smal l l enti cel s;lam ina
roundish, rugose above, densely and persistently tomentose below with the veins
a n d re ti c u l u m p ro mi nent; some l eaves,especi al l ythe smal l er ones,w i th 1-2 shor t s ta l k e d p e l ta te g l ands bel ow at base of l ami na: i nfl orescencea pani cl e of shor t
few-flowered dense pseudoracemesor umbels; bracteoles borne at apex of ped u n c l e ; p e d i c e l l onger than peduncl e,samaraw i th severalw el l -devel opedlat er al
winglets, not all parallel to the dorsal wing. The specimenis typical of the speciesas
found in easternMexico, and may well have been collectedby Houstoun in Veracruz.
Niedenzu (1928, p. 380) treated Heteropteryssimulans under "Species incertae mihi invisae"; study of its type shows it to represent H. brachiata.
H e te ro p te ry sc a m pestri sA dr. Juss.i n S t.-H i l .,Fl . B ras. Meri d. 3: 33. 1833.-TvpE:
Bnnztl. Minas Gerais: Tacaramby, Minas Novas, Saint-Hilaire Cat. BI
n o . 1 2 8 9 (l ectotype,here desi gnated:P !, the speci menl abel ed " TYPE, "
p h o to MIC H , W R A neg. B 1-25-18;
i sol ectotypes:P !, photos MIC H , WRA
n e g s .8 1 - 2 5 - 1 9& 2 l ) .
Heteropterys discolor Adr. Juss. in St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. 3: 32. 1833.Tvpp: Bnazn. Minas Gerais: Serra da CaraEa, Saint-Hilaire (lectotype,
h e re d e s i gnated:P !, the speci menl abel ed " TY P E " ; photos MIC H , WRA
n e g s .8 1 - 26-3& 4; i sol ectotypes:MIC H !, P !).
Heteropterysconfertiflora Adr. Juss.in St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. 3:34. 1833.T v p n : BR az.tr..
Mi nas Gerai s: Laranj ei ras,S . Jodo d' E l R ey, S ai nt- Hilair e
C a t. C l no. 128 (l ectotype, here desi gnated:P !, the speci men l abeled
" T Y PE ," photos MIC H , W R A negs.87-25-32.33& 34; i sol ectotyp e:P! ) .
Heteropteryscampestrisis a shrubby speciesthat is common and variable in
the Planalto of central Brazll. Having studied their types, I see ncl basis for separating H. discoktr from H. campestris.Heteropterys confertiflora is more difficult,
being more divergent from H. campesrrisin its thinner lamina that is velutinous
a b o v e a n d v e l u tinous-tomentosebel ow . H ow ever. there i s no evi dence th at t he
p l a n t w a s a v i n e and the petal s are subequal l y cari nate, none show i ng a r eally
p ro mi n e n t w i n g l et; those tw o charactersi ndi catc that thi s pl ant i s probab ly not
separable from H. campestris.Therefore I am treating H. discolor and H. confertif'loro as synonyms. Niedenzu (1928) recognized both as good species,but he was
n e v e r a b l e to v i s i t P ari sand study the S ai nt-H i l ai recol l ecti onstherc.
Heteropterys subhelicina Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hosianum
Braunsberg8: 60. 1,926.-Typp:BRRzlr-."Rio Branco" [=Roraima]: S. Marc o s , U l e 7808 (hol otype: B t, Fi el d Mus. neg. 12775:i sotype: K !, phot o
M I C H . W R A n e g .B 1 - 8 - 2 0 ) .
H e te ro p te ry scatopteraW . R . A nderson, Mem. N ew Y ork B ot. Gard.32 : 207.
1 9 8 1 .-T v pe: B R nzrl . R orai ma: C aracaraf,P i res et al . 14340 (holot ype:
I A N ! ; i s o t y p e sM
: ICH!, RB!).
R e -d e s c ri b i ngthi s speci esw as an cmbarrassi ngmi stake for w hi ch th e only
e x c u s eI c a n o ffer i s that I di d not see an i sotype of N i edenzu' sname until af t er
mi n e w a s p u b l i s h ed. In addi ti on to the tw o types I have now secn severaladditi o n a l c o l l e c ti o n sfrom R orai ma (IA N , MIC H ) and several col l ecti onsfrom t he
R u p u n u n i o f Gu yana (K , MIC H , U S ).
141
J I L
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
HERBARIUM
VOLUME 19
Hiraea bullata W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Tvpe: Bnnzll. Bahia: Mun. Sta. Cruz
de Cabriiha, 4-6 km E of the E,stag6oEcol6gica do Pau-brasil (ca 17 km
W of Porto Seguro), wet forest, Oct fl, Mori et al. 10852 (holotype:
: !, MICH!, NY!, RB).
C E P E C ! ; i s o t y p e sK
Lamina foliorum majorum 5-B cm longa, 3.54 cm lata, elliptica, basi rotundata,
margine valde revoluta, apice late obtusa vel rotundata et mucronata, adaxialiter
mox glabrata, abaxialiter pertinaciter velutina pilis T- et Y-formibus, coriacea,
bullata costa et 5-l nervis lateralibus supra profunde impressis et subtus prominentibus; petiolus 9-11 mm longus, stipulis 24 mm longis in dimidio distali instructus. Flores in umbellis 4-floris portati. Petala 4 lateralia lutea, eglandulosa;
petalum posticum limbo rubro, margine toto circuitu glanduloso-dentato.
Woody vine, the stems tomentose-velutinouswith an overstory of + twisted
T-shaped hairs and a longer-persistingunderstory of very short (ca 0.1 mm) Yshaped hairs. Leaves decussate,lamina of larger leaves 5-8 cm long, 3.5-6 cm
wide, elliptical or slightly ovate or obovate, rounded at base, strongly revolute at
margin and eglandular or bearing a few small sessileglands near apex, broadly
obtuse or rounded and mucronate at apex, soon glabrate above except subsericeous at base of midrib, densely and persistently hairy below with the midrib
subsericeousand the rest velutinous with a mixture of long-stalked T- and Yshaped hairs, coriaceous,the midrib and 5-7 pairs of lateral nerves,and to a lesser
extent the scalariform tertiary veins, impressedabove and prominent below, producing a bullate appearance;petiole 9-11 mm long, abaxially subsericeousand
adaxially velutinous, bearing 2 protuberant glands at the apex or slightly beyond
on the abaxial midrib; stipules 2-4 mm long, subulate, borne between middle and
apex of petiole. Inflorescencesaxillary but most numerous distally to produce a
terminal corymb, each inflorescenceup to 3.5 cm long, single or 2 superposedin
each axil, simple or ternate, the flowers borne in umbels of 4; bracts and bracteo l e s 0 .7 -1 .7 m m l ong, tri angul ar or ovate, abaxi al l y seri ceous;umbel wit hout a
g l a n d u l a r c u shi on betw een the bracteol es;pedi cel 9-11 mm l ong, appr essedtomentose or subsericeous.Sepalsovate, obtuse or rounded at apex, appressedin
anthesis,abaxially sericeousbut distally glabrous, adaxially glabrous, the anterior
e g l a n d u l ar, 2 .5 mm l ong, 2 mm w i de, the l ateral 4 bi gl andul ar,3 mm l ong, 2. 5 m m
w i d e , th e g l a nds 2-2.3 mm l ong. P etal s gl abrous, thi ck-textured, the lat er al 4
y e l l o w , s p re a d i ng,eroseor dentate but egl andul ar,w i th cl aw 1.5-2.5mm long and
l i mb 6 -U mm long and 6.5-8.5mm w i de, fl at to concave,the postcri or pet al "r ed"
(probably yellow in claw and red adaxially in limb), erect, glandular-dentate all
around limb, with the thick claw 3-3.5 mm long and limb 5 mm long and wide,
s tro n g l y c o n c ave.Fi l aments gl abrous, connate at base, 2-35 mm l ong ( longest
c tp p o s i tea n te ri or sepal and shortest opposi te posteri or petal ), strai ght or ( espec i a l l y o p p o s i t e the l ateral sepal s)si gmoi d; anthers l -1.4 mm l ong, the connect ive
d a rk re d a n d yel l ow -gl andul ari n the di stal hal f. Ovary L4 mm hi gh, den selydar kbr<lwn-hirsute:styles 3.5 mm long, glabrous or with a few hairs proximally, the
a n te ri o r n e a rly strai ghtand * erect,the posteri or2 strongl y arcuatetow ar d post eri o r p e ta l , a c u te or short-hookcd at apex w i th the hook onl y 0.1-0.2 m m long.
Fruitunknown.
Iliraea bullata is named for its leaves, in which the deeply impressed veins
g i v e th e l a m i nar ti ssuebetw een them a rai sed,puckered appearance.I t is t hese
s m a l l , ro u n d e d, cori aceous,revol ute l eavesthat di sti ngui shthi s speci e sf r om t he
o th e r s p e c i e sw i th the l eaves vcl uti nous bel ow , such as H . terni fol i a ( H. B. K. )
1993
W . R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E - I V
a a a
J/J
Adr. Juss. and H. wiedeana Adr. Juss. The red limb of the flag petal is also
unusual in Hiraea. The speciesis known only from the type collection.
Hiraea christianeaeW. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TypE: PEnu. San Martin: San Martfn, above Boca Toma del Shilcayo along Rio Shilcayo N of Tarapoto,
0 6 o 3 0 '5 ,76o22' W , 400-450 m, tropi cal moi st forest and gal l ery f or est ,
May fr, Knapp & Alcorn 7360 (holotype: MO!; isotype: MICH!).
Liana lignosa, ramis dense hirsutis pilis brunneis basifixis 4-6 mm longis patentissimis.Lamina foliorum majorum 14-27 cm longa, B-11.5 cm lata, basi cordata,
apice acuminata attenuataque, supra hirsuta, subtus velutina; petiolus 9-17 mm
longus, hirsutus; stipulae ca 2 mm longae, infra medium petioli portatae. Umbella
axillaris multiflora, in pedunculo hirsuto 1.5-2.5 cm longo elevata; pedicellus 1520 mm longus, tomentosus. Styli arcuati apice dorsaliter apiculati. Samara alis
lateralibus inter se liberis, 20-28 mm latis. 33-43 mm altis.
Woody vine; stems densely and persistently hirsute with stiff, dark brown,
basifixed hairs 4-6 mm long spreading at 90o,many becoming broken or abraded
on older stems.Lamina of larger leaves 14-21 cm long, B-11.5 cm wide, somewhat
obovate (i.e., widest above middle), cordate at base, acuminate at apex with an
attenuate tip 5-17 mm long, bearing several small, short-peltateglands distributed
evenly along the slightly revolute margin, densely and persistently hairy on both
sides,the hairs of the adaxial surface basifixed, erect to inclined, mostly 3-4 mm
long, like stem hairs but not as stout or dark, the abaxial margin with similar
basifixed hairs, most of the abaxial surface velutinous with erect white T- or Yshaped hairs, the abaxial midrib bearing a mixture of the two hair types, the
principal lateral veins 8-10 on each side, interconnected by scalariform tertiary
veins; petiole 9-17 mm long, densely hirsute like stems and with an underlayer of
short white bifurcate hairs, biglandular between middle and apex with the small
g l a n d s h i d d e n a m ong hai rs; sti pul esca2 mm l ong, fl attened-subul ate,
borne well
above base of petiole but mostly below middle, hidden among hairs. Inflorescence an axillary umbel of many flowers (at least 10, probably 15-25 or perhaps
m o re ), ra i s e d o n a hi rsute stal k 1.5-2.5cm l ong, the bracts and bracteol es1- 1. 5
mm long, abaxially densely hirsute; pedicel (in fruit) 15-20 mm long, tomentose
with mostly T-shaped hairs with short stalk and long crosspiece.Sepals abaxially
densely hirsute, adaxially glabrous,the anterior eglandular,the lateral 4 biglandular.
Petals and stamensnot seen. Styles (in fruit) strongly bowed and with a short but
definite dorsal hook at apex. Samara hirsute on nut, hirsute to velutinous on wings
with hairs mostly sub-basifixed and erect to inclined, the lateral wings distinct,
flabellate, 20-28 mm wide, 33-43 mm high, sinuate or coarsely toothed; dorsal
w i n g l e t 1 * 1 .5m m w i de.
I am happy to name this most distinctive plant in honor of Christiane Anderson,
astute student of Stigmaphyllon. The long spreading basifixed hairs of the stem
and leaves are quite unlike anything I have seen in Hiraea. and indeed, most
unusual for the family. The multiflowered umbels and curved apiculate styles
place the species in section Polyactinia Nied. It is known only from the type,
which bears mature fruits.
Hiraea haberi W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Type: Cosrn Rrca. Alajuela: Reserva
Mo n te v e r de,R fo P efl asB l ancas,70" 20' N , 84" 43' w ,820 m. Jun fl . Haber
7 2 4 7(h o l o type:MO!).
374
C O N T R .U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E , R B A R I U M
VOLUME 19
Liana gracilis ramis usque ad 4 mm diametro. Lamina foliorum majorum 1115.5 cm longa, 4.2-6 cm lata, adaxialiter mox glabrata, abaxialiter sericea pilis
sessilibusvel subsessilibus,rectis, appressis.Umbella ca 20-flora, in pedunculo 822 mm longo, 0.5-3 mm sub umbella articulato, portata. Petala lateralia reflexa,
subintegra vel denticulata; petalum posticum erectum, fimbriatum. Stylus anticus *
rectus et apice brevi-uncinatus;2 styli postici arcuati et apice brevissimeapiculati.
Woody vine, the stems sericeous,up to 4 mm in diameter, the epidermis split
i n a g e b u t n o t exfol i ati ngi n broad stri ps.Lami na of l arger l eaves11-15.5cm long,
4.2-6 cm wide, elliptical, chartaceous,cuneate to truncate at base, acuminate at
apex, initially subsericeousbut soon quite glabrate above, sericeousto eventually
glabrescentbelow with the sessileor subsessile,* straight, appressedhairs longest
and most persistent on the midrib, eglandular or bearing a pair of small raised
glanclsat base and 0-several small marginal glands, the 7-10 lateral veins prominent below and connected by very numerous strongly parallel scalariform crossveins; petiole 12-16 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, sericeous.eglandular or
biglandular between middle and apex; stipules 0.5-1.6 mm long, subulate, borne
on petiole 1.5-5 mm above base. Inflorescenceaxillary, an umbel of ca 20 flowers
borne on a sericeousstalk 8-22 mm long, 0.7-7.2 mm in diameter, jointed 0.5-3
mm below umbel and bearing a pair of caducousmuch-reducedleavesor bracts at
the joint; floriferous bracts and bracteoles0.4-0.9 mm long, ovate, abaxially sericeous, aclaxiallyglabrous, eglandular, persistent;pedicel 12-20 mm long, 0'7 mm
in diameter, sericeous. Sepals 2-2.2 mm long, 1-1.6 mm wide, triangular, appressed in anthesis,abaxially sericeous,adaxially glabrous, all eglandular or the
lateral 4 bearing 6-8 elliptical glands 0.9-1.6 mm long. Petals yellow, glabrous,
thick-textured. the lateral strongly reflexed in anthesis,the claw 1.5 mm long and
the limb ca 3 mm long. 3.5 mm wide, concave and revolute, denticulate or subentire: posterior petal erect, the claw 1.6-2.4 mm long, the limb 2.5-3 mm long and
wide, flat, somewhat crumpled, long-fimbriate distally or all around the margin
with the fimbriae often glandular-thickened distally. Filaments 2-2.8 mm long
opposite sepals, 1.7-2.2 mm long opposite petals, glabrous, straight or sigmoid,
connate at base; anthers 0.6-1.1 mm long, glabrous, the locules borne laterally on
the dark red orbicular connective. Ovary 1 mm high, densely hirsute; styles glabrous, ca 2-2.3 mm long, the anterior * straight and erect or leaning outward and
bearing a dorsal hook ca 0.3 mm long at apex; 2 posterior styles strongly arcuate,
bending from base toward posterior petal and then curving inward, dorsally apiculate at apex with the acute projection up to 0.1 mm long. Samara with lateral
wings distinct at base and apex, trapezoidal, 20-22 mm wide, 27-32 mm high,
sinuate or coarsely toothed, membranous, loosely sericeouswith hairs spreading;
d o rs a l w i n g c a 1.5 mm w i de, ca 4.5 mm hi gh, subenti reor coarsel ytoothed; nut ca
4 .5 mm i n d i a meter.l oosel vseri ceous.
Es, x n v r x n o . C o s t a R i c a . A r - n r t ; r . l . . r :R e s e r v a B i o l 6 g i c a M o n t c v c r d e , R i c l
A n o r l r g l ' r R r .S p r c ' r H a n N
P e i i a s B l a n c a s .1 0 ' 2 0 ' N , 8 4 ' 4 3 ' W , 8 0 0 m , A p r f l , H a b e r 6 9 8 - t( M I C H ) ; U p a l a . C o l o n i a L i b c r t a d 2
k m a l N E d e l a E , s c u e l a , 3 0 0 - 4 0 0m , M a y l r , H e r r e r a 1 9 3 9 ( M I C . H ) . - S a N J o s n : T a r r a z f , f a l d a s d e l
C l e r r o N a r a , c a . E s q u i p u l a s , l f m i t e Q u e p o s ( P u n t a r e n a s ) y T a r r a z 6 , 9 o 2 9 ' N , 8 4 " 0 3 W , 3 . 5 { ) - 4 0 0m '
J u l f r , G r i m e z - L a u r i t c t1 1 , 5 8 -(lM O )
This speciesis named in honor of William Haber, whose tireless exploration
of the forests in the vicinity of Monteverde has produced a rich harvest of botanical
novelties. It belongs in section Polyactinia Nied., which is distinguishedby having
umbels of more than six flowers and curved styles that are dorsally apiculate at
1993
W. R. ANDERSON: MALPIGHIACEAE-IV
3t5
the apex. Cuatrecasas(1958) treated four speciesin that section;I have compared
H. haberi to the types of all those species,and it is clearly none of them. There seem
to be at least three speciesof the section in Costa Rica, which can be separatedby
the following key.
l . L a m i n a v e l u t i n o u sb e l o w ( e x c e p t f o r m i d r i b a n d l a t e r a l v e i n s ) ,t h e h a i r s s t a l k e d a n d y - o r
T-shaped.
H. smilacinn Standleyr.
1 . L a m i n a s e r i c e o u so r s u b s e r i c e o u sb e l o w , w i t h m o s t h a i r s s e s s i l eo r s u b s e s s i l ea n d * s t r a i s h t
and apprcssed.
2 . S l e n d c r v i n e w i t h s t e m s u p t o 4 m m i n d i a m e t e r , t h e e p i d e r m i ss p l i t i n a g e b u t n o t
c x f o l i a t i n g i n b r o a d s t r i p s ; s t i p u l e s u p t o 1 . 6 m m l o n g ; l a m i n a u p t o 1 5 . 5c m l o n g a n d 6
c m w i d e ; i n f l o r e s c e n c es t a l k 8 _ 2 2 m m l o n g , j o i n t c d 0 . 5 - 3 m m b e l o w u m b e l .
2. Stoutlianawith stemsover6 mm in diameter,
rheepiderm,,
s t r i p s ; s t i p u l e s c a 4 - 7 m m l o n g : l a m i n a o f l a r g e r l e a v e s 1 - 5 - 4""r#;fl;T
-5
cm long,
inflorcscencestalk 40-80 mm long, jointed l0-20 mm below umbel.
ilnf, *::;tt""
9-22 cm wide;
H. guapecita Cuatrecasas.
Hiraea quapara (Aubl.) Sprague, J. Bot. 62:22. f924. Banisteria quapara Aubl.,
Hist. Pl. Guiane I:464, pl. 186. I775. Hiraea multiracliata Adr. Juss..Ann.
S c i . N a t. B ot., 56r. 2, 73 257.1840,nom. superfl .-Tvpe: FR eN csGur nNn.
Aublet (lectotype, here designated:BM! (the three pieceswith leavesand
flowers but excluding the fruits), photos MICH, WRA negs. 8I-2-25 &
26).
This is another species of Niedenzu's section Polyactinia. Jussieu rejected
Aublet's name, probably because the type, which he had studied, included an
admixture of three sapindaceoussamaras,but that is not admissible under modern rules of nomenclature; it is, however, necessaryto lectotypify Aublet's name
so as to exclude the non-malpighiaceouselement.
Field Mus. neg.21341shows two specimensof this speciesat C from the Vahl
Herbarium, said to have come from von Rohr. In addition to pieces with leaves
and flowers the photograph shows two loose sapindaceoussamarasjust like those
with Aublet's type in BM. The coincidenceis surely most unlikely, and raises the
possibility that the specimenat c is a duplicate of the lectotype.
This name has been applied by recent authors (..g., Niedenzu, 1928, and
Cuatrecasas,1958) both to plants of French Guiana and to a speciesof Colombia
and Central America. This is understandable when only flowering material is
studied, becauseleavesand flowers from the two areas are very similir. However,
when one considers the fruits it immediately becomes evident that two different
speciesare involved. The plants of Central America and Colombia, for which the
oldest name appears to be Hiraea smilacina Standley, have fruits typical of the
genus, with well-developed membranous flabellate lateral wings, producing a samara that looks like a butterfly. True H. quapara has weird fruits that are unique
in the genus. The whole fruit is about 10-15 mm in diameter. The lateral wings
are about 5 mm wide, thickened and corrugated, each with about 6 thick ribs on
the lower side radiating from the nut. The dorsal wing is about 3 mm wide,
rounded and thick, and extends almost the length of the nut. Between the lateral
and the dorsal wings are a series of thick, irregular winglets and outgrowths
lCuatrecasas (l95tl) called
this H. quapara (Aubl.) Sprague, a separable species of the Guianas,
s e c d i s c u s s i o nu n d e r t h a t n a m e . H i r a e a s m i l a c i n a i s a v a r i a b l e s p e c i e st h a t m a y y e t y i e l d
to taxonomic subdivision.
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oriented both parallel to the main wings and at right angles to them. The total
effect is of a small, globose, burrlike fruit with much surface area, obviously
adapted for dispersal by water, not by wind. Hiraea quapara has been collected
twice in fruit, once in 1877 (M€linon 384, Pt) and again in 7976 (Sastre 4692,
MICH!, P!).
Hiraea quapara is collected with some frequency in French Guiana, and in
7g7g it was found for the first time in nearby Amap6, Brazll (Austin et aI.7175,
MIC H !, N Y!). I have seeni t from no other countri es.
Lophopterys peruviana W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Tvpp: PERu.Amazonas: Alrededor de yucui entsa 6 horas de pongo del Camino de Kusu, monte, 360Fig. 5'
600 m, Mar fr, Kayap 569 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: F!).
Liana lignosa, ramis arcte sericeis pilis 0.1-0.3 mm longis. Lamina foliorum
majorum 15-22.5 cm longa, 8.5-11 cm lata, elliptica, venis tertiariis scalariformibus; petiolus 1 6-21 mm longus, plerumque biglandulifer prope apicem. Bracteae
bracteolaequepersistentes;bracteae 1.5-3 mm longae; pedunculus0.5-2 mm long;
bracteolae 0.8-1 mm longae; pedicellus 4-l mm longus. Antherae 1.3-1.5 mm
longae, inter loculos sparsim sericeae. Styli ca 1.5 mm longi, sericeae. Samara
nuce 9-10 mm diametro, alis lateralibus 45-50 mm longis, 10-15 mm latis, ala
dorsali 10-20 mm alta, 20-30 mm longa.
Woody vine climbing to 25 m; stems ridged, densely and persistently sericeous,the hairs only 0.1-0.3 mm long, so short and tightly appressedas to be not
immediately evident. Leaves opposite or subopposite,or occasionallywhorled (at
l e a s t i n th e i nfl orescence);l ami na of l arger l eaves 1,5-22.5cm l ong,8. 5- 11 cm
wide, elliptical, rounded or cuneate at base, abruptly acuminate at apex, sericeous
to very soon glabrate above, densely and persistentlysilvery-sericeousbelow with
very short and tightly appressedhairs, eglandular or occasionallybiglandular on
margin at base, the l-9 pairs of lateral veins connected by many very fine scalariform crossveins oriented at right angles to midrib, the reticulum prominulous
above; petiole 16-21 mm long, persistently sericeous,usually bearing a pair of
large glands near apex, sometimes bearing a second more proximal pair as well,
occasionallyapparently eglandular; stipules not found. Inflorescencedensely and
persistently golden- or brown-sericeous,paniculate, the flowers ultimately borne
in pseudoracemes6-12.5 cm long and containing 15-60 flowers; bracts and bracteoles persistent, the bracts 1.5-3 mm long, triangular, appressedor spreading at
apex; peduncle 0.5-2 mm [ong; bracteoles like bracts but only 0.8-1 mm long;
pedicel 4_7 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter at apex, straight or curved upward in
flower, sericeouslike the inflorescence.Sepalsca 1 mm long beyond glands,broadly
obtuse to rounded, abaxially densely sericeousto glabrescent,the anterior eglandular, the lateral 4 each bearing 1 very large circular gland 2-3.5 mm in diameter.
Petals yellow, glabrous; open flowers with intact petals not seen; posterior petal
ca 6 mm long, obovate, the limb long-decurrent on the claw, toothed with the
proximal teeth glandular. Filaments 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous, up to 1/3 connate;
a n th e rs 1 .3 -1.5mm l ong, sparsel yseri ceousbetw een l ocul es.Ovary 1m m high,
densely sericeous;styles ca 1.5 mm long, the anterior slightly shorter than the
posterior 2, all divergent and sericeoustheir whole length. Samara with the nut
spheroidal,9-10 mm in diameter, sericeousor appressed-tomentose;lateral wings
45-50 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, linear or narrowly elliptical, sericeous;dorsal
wing trapezoidal with the upper margin entire or slightly sinuous, 10-20 mm high,
1993
W . R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E - I V
a--
Jt I
b
ffi
WY
t\
g
F I G . 5 . L o p h o p t e r y s p e r u v i a n a . a ) f r u i t i n g b r a n c h , x 0 . 5 ; b ) e n l a r g e m e n t o f a c l a x i a ls u r f a c e o f
l a m i n a t o s h o w s c a l a r i f o r m c r o s s v e i n s ,x 2 . 5 ; c ) s a m a r a s ,f r o m b c l o w ( l e f t ) a n d f r o m t h e s i d e ( r i g h t ) ,
x0.75; d) embryos. whole (right) and in longitudinal section (left). x3; e) flower bud, x5; f) flower,
side view, lateral petals and 3 anthers removed, x4; g) anther, abaxial view, xl-5; h) gynoecium,
antcrior style in center, xl0t i) style tip, adaxial view, xl5. Drawn by Karin Douthit, a-d from Kayap
569, e-t from Klug 654.
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CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
HERBARIUM
VOLUME 19
20-30 mm long, sericeous.Seed globose, the embryo with one cotyledon longer
and folded over the other distallv.
A o p r l r o N R r . S p p c l v c N s E x a . n a r N E nP:e r u . L o n E ' r o : M i s h u y a c u , n e a r l q u i t o s , f o r e s t , 1 0 0 m , D e c
f l , K l u g 6 5 4 ( F . N Y , U S ) ; M a y n a s , I q u i t o s , K m 4 4 c a r r e t e r aI q u i t o s - N a u t a , b o s q u e p r i m a r i o , 0 4 ' 1 0 '
S . 7 3 ' 2 0 ' W . 1 5 0 m . D e c f r . V d s q t t e z& J a r a m i l k t I 1 4 2 0 ( M I C H ) .
This is one of two speciesof Lophopter.vsknown from Peru; the other is L.
inpana W. R. Anderson, which has been collected recently in the region of Pucallpa.
Lophopterys peruviana is distinguishedfrom L. inpana by its tighter stem vesture,
mostly larger (especiallywider) laminas with scalariform crossveins,larger petiole
glands, shorter peduncles, small, more or less appressedbracts and bracteoles,
sericeousanthers and styles,and larger fruits. The one flowering collection (Klug
654) ditters from the other two collections in a number of details, and may repres e n t a s e p a ra b l especi es,but such a determi nati on w i l l requi re better specim ens
than are available to me now.
MascagniachaseiW. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TvpE: Bnnzll. Bahia: Mun. Marac6s,
8-18 km S of Maracds by old highway to Jequi6. thicket, 900-1000m, Feb
fl, dos Santoset al. 3480 (holotype:CEPEC!;isotypes:MICH!, NY!). Fig. 6.
Liana lignosa. Lamina foliorum majorum 3-7 cm longa, (1.2-) 1.5-3.5cm lata,
elliptica, supra mox glabrata, subtus pertinaciter sericea;petiolus 4-6 mm longus,
eglandulosus.Pseudoracemusaxillaris 1-3 cm longus, ex 4-70 floribus constans.
Petala lutea, abaxialiter sericea, limbo toto circuitu fimbriato. Filamenta 7.3-z
m m l o n g a , a b a xi al i terseri cea;antherae0.5-0.7mm l ongae,gl abrae.S tyli 1. 5 m m
l o n g i , a p i c e d o rsal i terbrevi -api cul ati .S amaraal i s l ateral i busi nter se l i be r is,8- 10
mm latis. 10-18 mm altis, crista dorsali nulla.
Wo o d y v i n e w i th the sl enderstems i ni ti al l y seri ceous,soon gl abrate .Lam ina
of larger leaves 3_7 cm long, (1.2-1 1.5-3.5cm wide, elliptical, cuneate at base, flat
or slightly revolute at margin, mostly acute or slightly acuminate at apex (to
obtuse or abruptly rounded), initially sericeousabove but soon glabrate, densely and
persistently sericeousbelow (very rarely irregularly glabrescent in age), bearing
(0-) 1-3 small glands on proximal third of margin; petiole 4-6 mm long, sericeous
to glabrate, eglandular; stipules ca 0.3 mm long, triangular, interpetiolar. Inflorescence an axillary pseudoraceme 1-3 cm long, shorter than the subtending leaf,
sericeous throughout, comprising 4-I0 mostly decussateflowers; bracts 0.7-1.5
mm long, narrowly triangular, appressed,eglandular; peduncle 0.1-2.5 mm long;
bracteoles 0.5-0.8 mm long, triangular, appressed,eglandular, borne at apex of
peduncle; pedicel 3.5-5 mm long. Sepals leaving the outer petal exposed during
enlargement of bud, ca 2 mm long, appressedin anthesis,rounded at apex, abaxially densely sericeous,adaxially glabrous, the anterior eglandular, the lateral 4
biglandular with the glands ca 1 mm long. Petals yellow, very densely goldensericeousabaxially on claw and limb except near margin, fimbriate or glandularfimbriate all around margin of limb, the claw 1.2-1.7 mm long, the limb 2.5-3.1
mm long, 2.3-3 mm wide, the lateral 4 reflexed and the posterior erect, the anteriorl a te ra l p a i r wi th l arger l i mbs than the posteri or 3. Fi l aments 1.3-2 mm long,
abaxially sericeous,adaxially glabrous. Il4-ll2 connate; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long,
glabrous.Ovary sericeous;styles 1.5 mm long, subequal,sericeousat base,straight
and erect to divergent. laterally flattened and dorsally short-apiculate at apex.
Samara sericeous,with 2 discrete flabellate lateral wings, each wing 8-10 mm
1993
379
W . R . A N D E , R S O NM
: ALPIGHIACEAE-IV
Itr
;l
F I G . 6 . M a s c a g , n i ac h a s e i .a ) f l o w e r i n g b r a n c h , x 0 . - 5 ;b ) l e a f m a r g i n , a b a x i a l v i e w , x 1 0 ; c ) n o d e
w i t h s t i p u l e s , x 5 ; d ) f l o w e r b u d , x 2 . - 5 ;e ) f l o w e r , x 3 ; f ) p o s t e r i o r p e t a l . a b a x i a l v i e w . x 6 ; g ) a n t h e r s ,
a d a x i a l v i e w ( l e f t ) a n d a b a x i a l v i e w ( r i g h t ) , x 1 5 ; h ) s t i g m a , x 2 5 ; i ) s a m a r a s ,a d a x i a l v i e w ( l e f t ) a n d
abaxial view (right), x2. Drawn by Karin Douthit. a*h from dos Santoset al. 3480, i from Mori &
Kinp 12202.
wide (measured from nut to farthest margin), 10-18 mm high (measured at right
anglesto width), erose or coarselydentate; dorsal crest none.
A p o r t r o N n L S p E c n r r l r sE x n v r N r , o .B r a z i l . B n r l n : S a n d y c a a t i n g a2 1 k m W o f B r e i j d o d a C a a t i n g a
on road to Delfino, 600 m, Mar fl, Anderson 11744(K, MBM, MICH, NY); Mun. Andaraf, S of
Andarai on road to Mucugd, Serra do Sincord,480 m, Feb fl, Anderson 13710 (MICH); Barreiras,
Dec fl, Black 54-17849 (lAN) & 54-17958 (IAN); Mun. Boninal, estrada Boninal-Piata Km 4,
caatinga, 1100 m, Jul fr, Coradin et al. 6546 (K); caatinga 9 km NE of Planalto along highway BR1 1 6 , 9 3 0 m , M a r f r , D a v i d s e e t a l . 1 1 6 3 2( M I C H ) I 2 3 k m E o f M o r r o d o C h a p d u o n r o a d t o M u n d o
N o v o , 1 0 0 0m , F e b f r , I r w i n e t a l . 3 0 7 3 1 ( M I C H , N Y ) ; M u n . J e q u i 6 , 4 k m E o f J e q u i 6 , c a a t i n g a , 6 0 0
m , J u l f r , M o r i & K i n g 1 2 2 0 2( M I C H . U S ) .
Mascagnia chasei takes its epithet from Mark W. Chase, my collaborator in
researchon generic relationshipsin the Malpighiaceae.It is closely related to M.
chlorocarpa (Adr. Juss.) Griseb.; the principal difference between them lies in
their leaves,which are densely and persistently sericeousbelow in M. chasei,and
soon quite glabrate rn M. chlorocarpa.The leavesalso tend to be longer and more
attenuate at the apex in M. chlorocarpa. Most collections of M. chlorocarpa come
from south and west of Bahia (Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, S5o Paulo (not seen,
cited by Niedenzu,7928), Goi6s, Paraguay, and Bolivia). However, I have seen
one collection of M. chlorocarpa from Morro do Chap6u, Bahia (Bautista352.K),
very near the source of one of the paratypescited above.
M a s c a g n i a c h l o rocarpa (A dr. Juss.) Gri seb. i n Mart., Fl . B ras. 12(1):93 . 1858.
H i ra e a c hl orocarpa A dr. Juss.,A nn. S ci . N at. B ot., S dr.2, 13 259.1840. TvpE: Bnnzrl. Rio de Janeiro: sylvis arenosisjuxta Bertinga da Praia da
Pedra, Vauthier (lectotype,here designated:P!, the specimenphotographed
380
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM
V OLUM E19
in Field Mus. ne1.35628; isolectotypes:G (the fruiting specimen in Field
Mu s . n e 5.24286),K !, P !).
Heladena hasslerianaNied. in Chodat & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 56r. 2,
7:294. 1907.-Tvpe: PnnAGUAy.Rfo Apa, Hassler 7837 (holotype: Bf,
F i e l d M us. neg.12830;i sotypes:B M!, K !, MIC H !, MO!, P !)
Niedenzu maintained Heladena hassleriana in Das Pflanzenreich (1928), on
the basis of the type, which was the only collection to which he ever ascribed that
name. He knew it was unlike other speciesof Heladena, so he erected a section
for it, which he called Hassleria. Study of Hassler 7837 convinces me that it
represents a flowering specimen of Mascagnia chlorocarpa, and in recent years
the specieshas been collected in Paraguay with the diagnosticfruits (Gentry et al.
59293,MICH).
Mascagnia cordifolia (Adr. Juss. in St.-Hil.) Griseb. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 95.
1858. Hiraea cordifolia Adr. Juss. in St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. 3: 19, pl.
164. 1833.-TypE: BRRzrr-.Near "Curumatahy," St.-Hilaire(lectotype,here
d e s i g n ated:P !, the speci men annotated " TY P E ," photos MIC H, WRA
negs.81-21-17& 18; isolectotypes:P!, 2 specimens,Field Mus. neg.35629).
M a s c a g n i arubra Gri seb. i n Mart., Fl . B ras. 12(I):90. 1858.-TvpE : BRazt r .
G o i i l s : near N ati vi dade,Gardner 3067 (i sotype:K !).
Niedenzu (1928, p. 123) did not see the type of M. rubra and had to leave it
under "species incertae." It proves to be a synonym of M. cordifolia, a common
and widespread species;noteworthy features of Gardner 3067 that mark it as this
speciesare: lamina velutinous on both sides;petiole biglandular at base;inflorescence
elongate;some bracteolesbearing one large abaxial gland; petals distinctly alate.
Mascagnia divaricata (H. B. K.) Nied. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III,
4 : 5 5 . 1890. H i raea di vari cata H . B . K ., N ov. Gen. S p. 5 [quar t o] : 169.
Zulia: Dtto. Col6n, entre Casigua El Cubo y
1822.-Type: VENEZUELA.
km 8 de la vfa rumbo a Palmira, Apr fllfr, Bunting 7371 (neotype, here
d e s i g n a t e dM
: ICH!).
Hiraea oblongifoliaDC., Prodr. 1: 585. 1824.Mascagnia oblongifolia (DC.) Nied.
in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 4: 55. 1890.-TvpE: CoroMBIA.
Ma g d al ena:S antaMarta, B ertero (hol otype:G-D C ; i sotypes:MO! , P! ) .
Hiraea elegansAdr. Juss.,Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sdr. 2, 73 267. 1840.Mascagnia
e l e g a ns(A dr. Juss.) Gri seb. i n Mart., Fl . B ras. I2(I): 95. 1858. - TvpE:
Prnu. Maynas: Poeppig 2233 (lectotype, here designated: P!, the sheet
photographed in Field Mus. neg. 35630;isolectotype:P!).
Hiraea pulcherrima Morong, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 67. 1892. Mascagnia pulcherrima (Morong) Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad.
Handl. 35(6): 4. Ig}L-TvpE: Panncunv. Asunci6n, Morong 626 (lectoty p e , h ere desi gnated:MIC H !; i sol ectotype:K !).
Mascagnia ixiamensis Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 211. 1927.T v p E : B ot-tvrn. Ixi amas, C drdenas 1999 (hol otype: N Y ?; i sotypes: K! ,
MrcH!).
This is the species that has long been treated under the name Mascagnia
ovatifolia (H. B. K.) Griseb., e.g., by Niedenzu,I92B, and Cuatrecasas,1958. It is
1993
W. R. ANDERSON: MALPIGHIACEAE-IV
381
widespread, occurring from Argentina to Nicaragua, and common throughout
much of its range. As I explain below under M. ovatifolia, that name must be
taken up for the plant long known as M. nervosa,and the oldest available epithet
for this species is divaricata. The type of Hiraea divaricata was a collection made
by Humboldt & Bonpland near CumanS, Venezuela. The holotype is missing
from P-HBK, and the isotype formerly at B (Field Mus. neg. 12694) no longer
exists.As there appear to be no other isotypes,it seemsnecessaryto designatea
neotype. The collection I have chosen is from the lowlands of northern Venezuela
and shows all of the charactersthat distinguish this species.The following couplet
summarizesthe diagnosticdifferencesbetween M. divaricata and M. ovatifolia:
l. Dried lamina smooth above, thc reticulum not raised and hardly visiblet petiole usually
bearing 2-4 glands near middle, sometimeseglandular; anthers pilose; samara usually about
a s h i g h a s w i d e , s o m e t i m e sa l i t t l e h i g h e r , s o m e t i m e s a l i t t l e w i d e r .
M. divaric'ata.
l. Dried lamina with the finc reticulum prominent above;petiole eglandular;anthers glabrous;
samara usually distinctly wider than high.
M. ovatifolia.
The smoothnessof the lamina shows clearly in the photograph of the Berlin
isotype of H. divaricata, and was also remarked by Kunth; in his protologues he
described the lamina of H. divaricata as "obsolete reticulato-venosa" and that of
H. ovatifolia as "reticulato-venoso." He also described the petioles of H. divaricata
as "3-7-glandulosis" and those of H. ovatifolia as "eglandulosis," and he noted
that the anthers of H. divaricata were "puberulae"; he did not see the anthers of
H. ovatifolia.
Mascagnialasiandra (Adr. Juss.) Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hos i a n u m B raunsberg4:5.I9I2. H i raea l asi andraA dr. Juss.,A nn. Sci. Nat .
B o t., Sdr. 2, 13:259. 1840.-TvpE : B nazrL. " Marti i H erb. Fl orae Br as. "
( h o l o t y p e :P ! ) .
Mascagnia nitens (S. Moore) Nied. in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 147 123. 1928.
Hiraea nitens S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 4:328. 1895.Tvpe: Bnnztl. Mato Grosso: Moore 74 (holotype: BM!).
Niedenzu never saw Moore's type, so, although he could tell from the original
description that Hiraea nitens belonged rn Mascagnia, he had to place M. nitens
under "Speciesincertae mihi non visae" in his 1928monograph. Study of Moore's
type in BM shows it to be conspecific with M. lasiandra; aside from general
vegetativesimilarities,Moore's specimenshareswith other collectionsof the species
the characteristicshort, dense, few-flowered raceme and the hairy filaments and
s e ri c e o u sa n th e rs.
Mascagnia leonii W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Typn: Bnazrl. Minas Gerais: Mun.
C a ra n gol a,FazendaS anta R i ta, mata de encosta,20" 46'5,4202' W, 600
m, Aug fl, Leoni s.n. (holotype: GFJP I2I3l; isotype: MICH!).
Liana lignosa. Lamina foliorum majorum 72-19 cm longa, 6-71.3 cm lata,
mox glabrata; petiolus 15-30 mm longus; stipulae 3.5-6 mm longae, angustetriangulares vel subulatae. Bracteae 2-3.5 mm longae, eglandulosae;pedunculus 6-8
mm longus; bracteolae 1.2-I.7 mm longae, eglandulosaevel glandulam parvam
gerentes;pedicellus 6.5-11 mm longus. Petala lutea, glabra, 4 lateralia abaxialiter
carinata. Styli apice dorsaliter rotundati. Samara 27-26 mm alta, 19-25 mm lata,
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ala laterali basi continua, apice paulo emarginata,crista dorsali 3-4 mm lata.
Woody vine; stems initially loosely appressed-tomentose,soon glabrescent.
Lamina of larger leaves 72-79 cm long, 6-11.3 cm wide, ovate, rounded at base,
reddish at margin, obtuse or abruptly acuminate at apex, initially appressedtomentose above on midrib but soon glabrate, initially appressed-tomentosebelow on midrib and sparselysubsericeouson lamina with hairs ca 0.8 mm long but
quite glabrate at maturity, bearing 0-3 impressedglands below near base on each
side of midrib and 1-3 similar glands distally between midrib and margin, the
lateral veins prominent below; petiole 15-30 mm long, tomentose to glabrate,
eglandular; stipules 3.5-6 mm long, narrowly triangular or subulate,tomentose to
glabrate, borne on stem beside petiole, persistent.Inflorescencean axillary panicle
comprising dense pseudoracemes2-5 cm long, borne singly or in pairs axillary to
reduced leaves, each pseudoracemecontaining 10-30 or more flowers; whole inflorescencetomentose or subsericeous,the pedicel glabrescentin fruit; bracts 23.5 mm long, narrowly lanceolate,eglandular; peduncle 6-8 mm long; bracteoles
1 .2 -1 .7 mm l o ng, egl andul ar or one or both beari ng a smal l gl and aba xially at
base, borne at middle of peduncle or above but always well below apex; pedicel
6 .5 -9 mm l o n g i n fl ow er, up to 11 mm l ong i n frui t. S epal sappressedi n ant hesis,
exceeding the glands by ca 1 mm, rounded at apex, abaxially loosely sericeous,
adaxially glabrous,the anterior eglandular,the lateral 4 biglandular with the glands
2-2.5 mm long and slightly reflexed at apex. Petals yellow, glabrous, exposed
during enlargement of the bud, the lateral 4 with the limb 4.5-5.5 mm long, ca 3
mm wide, oblong or almost rectangular, abaxially carinate or slightly winged, the
c l a w t-1 .5 m m l ong; posteri or petal w i th a smal l er, not or hardl y cari nat e lim b
and a thicker claw. Filaments I.6-2.2 mm long, glabrous, nearly straight, connate
o n l y a t v e ry b ase; anthers 1.1-1.5 mm l ong, gl abrous.Ovary densel y ap pr essedhirsute; styles ca 2.5 mm long, subequal, divergent, especially the anterior, all 3
dorsally rounded at the apex. Samara 2I-26 mm high, 79-25 mm wide, very
broadly ovate to orbicular, very sparsely and loosely sericeous,the lateral wing
membranous, continuous at base and apex, often shallowly notched at apex and
slightly sinuate at margin; nut inserted slightly above center of wing; central dorsal
winglet 3-4 mm wide: intermediate winglets none.
A o o t t t o x n l S p tc t l a e N E x a r u r N r o : B r a z i l . M t N n s G E n n t s : s t e c p r o c k y l o w e r s l o p e s o f P i c o d e
I t a c o l o m i . 3 k m S o f O u r o P r c t o . 1 6 5 0m . F e b f r . I r w i n e t a l . 2 9 6 2 5 ( M I C H ) .
The epithet of this specieshonors Lucio de Souza Leoni, collector of the type
and tireless curator of the Herbiirio "Guido Pabst" in Carangola, Minas Gerais.
Muscagnia leonii is referable to the complex of M. sepium (Adr. Juss.) Griseb.; it
is immediately separablefrom all other speciesin that complex by its extraordinarily long stipules, as well as by its large glabrate leaves, long peduncles, and
carinate lateral petals. The type and paratype are somewhat different in their
vesture, which is loose in the type, in their pseudoracemes,which are relatively
short in the paratype, and in other details, but they share the large leaves and
stipules.The whole complex needs thorough revision.
Mascagnia ovatifolia (H. B. K.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.t. 121. 1860.Hiraea ovatifolia
H . B. K ., N ov. Gen. S p. 5 [quarto]:710. 1822.-TvpE : V eN ezuELA.Sucr e:
CumanS,Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype: P-HBK!, photos MICH, WRA
n e g s .8 1 - 1 1 - 1 41, 5 & 1 6 ) .
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Mascagnia nervosa Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hosianum
Braunsberg 3: 12. 1908.-TvpE: Cor-oHaern.
Magdalena: Santa Marta. H.
H. Smith 344 (lectotype,here designated:US!; isolectotypes:MICH!,NY).
This speciesis a woody vine bearing pink or lilac flowers, it is common in the
northern coastal states of Venezuela and also occurs in Trinidad, Colombia, and
Panama. In the same area of northern Venezuela occurs a similar specieswith a
much broader range; Humboldt and Bonpland collected them both near Cuman6.
Recent students of the Malpighiaceae (e.g., Niedenzu, 7928, and Cuatrecasas,
1958) have called those two speciesM. ovatifolia and M. nervosa.When I studied
the Humboldt & Bonpland collections at Paris in 1981, I found that the type of
Hiraea ovatifolia actually representsthe speciesthat has been called M. nervosa,
so the epithet ovatifolia has to go to that speciesand the former "h[. ovatifolia"
has to have another name, which is M. divaricata; for further discussion, see
above under that name.
Cuatrecasas(1958,p.367) lectotypified the name Mascagnianervosaby citing
as type the syntype Ono 904 in B, but that specimen no longer exists,so it seems
best to designatea new lectotype from among the duplicatesof another syntype.
Mascagniaparvifolia (Adr. Juss.)Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hos i a n u m B raunsberg4:5.1912.Mal pi ghi a parvi fol i a A dr. Juss.,A rch . M us.
Hist. Nat. 3: 268. 1843.-TypE: MExrco. Oaxaca: Galeotti 4327 (holotype:
P ! ; i s o t y p e sG
: , K!, P-JU!).
Mascagnia seleriana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 543. 1894.-TvpE:
MExrco. Oaxaca: Mitla, Seler & Seler 120 (holotype: Bt, photo MICH!).
Hiraea parviflora Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: I39. 1897. Mascagnia
pringlei Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 3: 9. 1908, nom. superfl.-TypE: MExrco. Puebla: Tehuac6n, Pringle
6274 (holotype of parviflora: US; holotype of pringlei: Bt; isotypes:CM!, K!).
This is a common shrub on the dry calcareoushills of Oaxaca and southeastern Puebla. Most botanists have followed Small (1910) in calling it Mascagnia
seleriana,and have ignored Jussieu'sname, which Small did not mention. Niedenzu
(1928) recognized both species,but he used the name M. parvifolia only for its
type, and called the other collections he saw M. seleriana.lt is true that Jussieu's
type had unusually small leaves,but plants with leavesnearly or quite as small are
to be found in any large assemblageof collections of the species,and I have no
doubt that they represent a single taxon.
MascagniasericeaNied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 3: 29. 1908. Hiraea sericea Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 7: 37.
1852,not H. sericeaAdr. Juss.,1833.Mascagniacana Small, N. Amer. Fl.
25: I20. 1910,nom. superfl.-Type: MExrco. Durango: [La] Cadena, Wizlizenus (lectotype, designatedby Small, 1910:MO).
Small (1910) rejected the combination Mascagnia serice:a(Engelm.) Nied.
becauseit was based on a later homonym, publishing instead as a nomen novum
the name Mascagnia cana, and although Niedenzu (1928) retained the name M.
sericea,most taxonomistshave used Small's name for this species.However, there
was no earlier M. sericea,so Small should have accepted Niedenzu's name as a
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CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM
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new speciespublished in 1908, and the fact that he cited Niedenzu's name as a
synonym makes Small's name superfluous. The correct name in Mascagnia is M.
sericeaNied.
Engelmann cited two syntypes in the protologue, Wizlizenu.sfrom Cadena
and Gregg from Mapimi; both localities are in eastern Durango near G6mez
Palacios.The protologue of M. cana gave Cadena, Durango, as the type locality,
which I take to be effective choice of the Wizlizenus specimen as the lectotype.
The speciesis known from dry scrub on limestone soils in Chihuahua, Durango,
Zacatecas,Coahuila, and San Luis Potosf.
Mezia huberi W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Tvpn: VeNezuer-a.Amazonas: Depto.
Atures, sandy savanna with rocks, in the region of hills and mountains S
and SE of Cerro Camani, 20-25 km W of San Juan de Manapiare, 5"21'
N , 6 6 "15' W , 550 m, Oct fr, H uber 4497 (hol otype: MIC H !; isot ypes:
Fig.7.
MYF. NY!).
Frutex vel arbor parva 2-B m alta. Lamina foliorum majorum 9-17 cm longa,
5-10 cm lata,,margine incrassata,subtus densissimeet pertinaciter rufosericea.
Bracteolae 7-9 mm longae, eglandulosae.Pedicellus0.5-1 mm longus in flore,2-5
mm longus in fructu. Petala lateralia abaxialiter sparsim tomentosa vel sericea;
petalum posticum glabrum, limbo toto circuitu glanduloso-fimbriato vel distaliter
dentato. Filamenta glabra, 2-2.7 mm longa, Il3-213 connata; antherae glabrae.
Styli recti, parum complanati, apice dorsaliter acuti vel truncati, anticus 2-2.5 mm
longus, postici 2.5-3 mm longi. Samara 3tH0 mm diametro; ala lateralis fere plana,
sparsim tomentosa;3 alae dorsalesplanae, parallelae;alulae transversalesnullae.
Shrub or small tree 2-8 m tall, the stems densely and persistently sericeous,
quadrangular becoming terete. Lamina of larger leaves 9-I7 cm long, 5-10 cm
wide, elliptical or somewhat obovate, truncate or cuneate at base, slightly revolute and notably thickened at margin, abruptly short-acuminate at apex with the
acumen 5-9 mm long, initially sericeousabove but soon glabrate except proximally
on and near midrib, very densely and persistently sericeousbelow with the reddish or dark brown hairs sessile,straight, rather tightly appressed,completely
concealing all tissues or the lateral veins glabrescent; lamina bearing below 1
large flat or sunken gland at base on each side of midrib and several small impressed glands distally in a single row several mm inside margin, the reticulum
and 6-9 pairs of lateral veins raised on both sides but more below than above;
petiole 10-15 mm long, persistently sericeous, eglandular; stipules reduced to
minute triangular rudiments ca 0.2 mm high, borne on interpetiolar ridges and
often hidden by stem hairs. Inflorescence sericeousto subvelutinous with short
reddish or dark brown hairs, the finer axes flattened, containing persistent or
deciduousmuch-reducedbiglandular bracts subtendingbranches;floriferous bracts
4-5 mm long, obovate, concave,eglandular, abaxially densely sericeous,adaxially
glabrous, deciduous during anthesis;peduncle 6-14 mm long in flower,15-22 mm
long in fruit, subvelutinous like the axes; bracteoles 7-9 mm long, eglandular,
abaxially densely sericeous with the hairs reddish brown, adaxially glabrous or
sparselysericeousnear margin; pedicel 0.5-1 mm long in flower,2-5 mm long in
fruit, hirsute with spreading basifixed or sub-basifixedhairs. Sepals5-6 mm long
beyond glands, 7.7-2 mm wide, revolute along sides, the glands 3-3.8 mm long,
1.3-1.7 mm wide, obovate or elliptical, compressed but distinct. Lateral petals
with the claw 1.7-2 mm long, the limb 9-11 mm long and wide, orbicular, abaxially
I 993
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385
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F I G . 7 . M e z i a h u b e r i . a ) f r u i t i n g b r a n c h , x 0 . 5 , w i t h e n l a r g e d a b a x i a l v i e w o f l e a f b a s e x 2 . - 5 ;b )
s a m a r a ,x 1 , a b a x i a l v i e w t o l c f t , s i d e v i e w l o o k i n g i n t o a p i c a l n o t c h t o r i g h t ; c ) u m b e l o f f l o w e r b u d s
with two cut off, x2.5; d) open flower, side view, with one posterior-lateral petal removed. x2.5; e)
l a t e r a l p e t a l , a b a x i a l v i e w . x - 5 tf ) p o s t c r i o r p e t a l , a b a x i a l v i e w , x 5 ; g ) a n d r o c c i u m l a i d o u t , a d a x i a l
view. the stamen opposite anterior sepal to left, x5; h) anthers, side view, from opposite a sepal
(left) and opposite a posterior-lateral petal (right), x10; i) gynoecium, side view, anterior style to
left, x7.5. Drawn by Karin Douthit, a-b from Huber 4497,c-ifrom Huber 149.
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CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
HERBARIUM
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sparsely tomentose or sericeous in proximal center, crumpled toward margin,
erose; posterior petal with the claw 3.5-4 mm long, constricted at apex, the limb
5-7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide, suborbicular, glabrous, fimbriate all around the
margin or only dentate at apex, the fimbriae rounded and slightly glandularthickened distally. Filaments glabrous,2-2.7 mm long, longest and stoutest opposite the 2 posterior-lateral petals, ll3-213 connate; anthers all glabrous, 1.3-2 mm
long, shortest opposite posterior petal, those opposite petals with locules equalling connective,those opposite sepalswith locules exceededby connective at apex
by 0.3-0.9 mm. Stylesstraight and erect, stout, laterally somewhat flattened, proximally sericeous,acute or truncate dorsally at apex, the anterior style 2-25 mm
long, the posterior styles2.5-3 mm long. Samara subcircular,30-40 mm in diameter,
p e rs i s te n tl yto mentose or very l oosel y seri ceous,densel y so on nut an d dor sal
wings, more thinly so on lateral wing; nut with the ventral areole 6-7 mm high,
4 mm wide, ovate, bordered by 2 ribs that mostly persist on receptacle, lateral
w i n g 1 5 -1 8 m m w i de, conti nuous at base, i nci sed to nut at apex, membr anous,
nearly flat, entire at margin; central dorsal wing 4-5 mm wide, 7-11 mm high,
semicircular, flat; 1 flat winglet 2-3 mm wide and 3*4 mm high present on each
side of and parallel to central dorsal wing; otherwise intermediate ribs, crests,and
winglets absent.
A o o t r r o N n r .S p n c ' r v p NEs x R v r x n o : V e n e z u e l a .A v n z o N n s : D r a i n a g e o f t h e R i o M a n a p i a r e ,
g a l l e r y f o r e s t , s a v a n n a si n m o u n t a i n s b e t w e e n C e r r o M o r r o c o y t o t h e s o u t h a n d t h e S e r r a n i a C o l mena to the north, 5"20' N, 66"10' W, 200-350 m. Jan fllfr. Huber 449 (MICH, NY); Depto. Aturcs,
d r a i n a g e o f t h c R i o M a n a p i a r e , s a v a n n a sa t t h e f o o t o f t h e m o u n t a i n s N o f C e r r o M o r r o c o y , n e a r
" P o z o d e l a C a r l i n a , " * 1 2 k m W o f S a n J u a n d e M a n a p i a r e , 5 ' 1 9 N , 6 6 o 6 ' W , l - 5 0m , O c t f l / f r ,
Huber l19l (MICH).
I first saw a specimenof this specieswhile my 1981 paper on the Malpighiaceae
of the Guayana Highland was in press, and in a footnote (p. 236) | referred it
(with some reservations)to Mezia rufa W. R. Anderson. As more collections of
both specicshave accumulated I have come to realize that this plant from near
San Juan de Manapiare is a distinct endemic species,and I am glad to name it for
its collector, Dr. Otto Huber, the excellent botanist who has made such a fine
contribution to our knowledge of southern Venezuela in the last 15 years. The
following couplet compares Mezia huberi to Mezia rufa.
1 . H a b i t a s h r u b o r s m a l l t r e e 2 - B m t a l l ; l a m i n a o f l a r g c r l c a v e s 9 - 1 7 c m l o n g , - 5 - 1 0c m w i d e ;
bracteoles 7-9 mm longt samara 30-40 mm in diameter, the central dorsal wing and 2
parallel winglets flat, thc latter not connccted by transverse winglets to the latcral wingl
l a t e r a l w i n g o f s a m a r a n e a r l y f l a t , t o m en t o s e , t h e h a i r s s i n u o u s a n d s p r e a d i n g .
M. huberi.
1. Habit a woody vine; lamina of larger leaves 16-28 cm long, 10-17 cm wide: bracteoles 10,12
mm long; samara 60-70 mm in diameter, the central dorsal wing and 2 parallel winglets
strongly corrugated and each of the latter connected to the lateral wing by severalcorrugate d t r a n s v e r s c w i n g l e t s ; l a t e r a l w i n g o f s a m a r a w r i n k l e d o r c o r r u g a t e d . s e r i c e o u s ,t h c h a i r s
straight and tightly apprcssed.
M. rufa.
Pterandra egleri W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TypE: Bnnzrl. Par6: Alto Tapaj6s,
Rio Cururu, E,rereri,Jul fl, Egler 1033 (holotype: MG 23.712!;isotypes:
HB!, IAN!. MICH!. NY!).
F ru te x 0 .5 -1.5m al tus. Lami na fol i orum maj orum 5.5-9 cm l onga,2.3 - 4. 3cm
lata, ovata vel elliptica, subtus pertinaciter tomentosa pilis brunneis, brevistipitatis,
u s q u e a d 7 .2 m m l ongi s, serpenti ni s.Fasci cul i fl orum 5-10-fl ori ; pedi ce lli 11- 15
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m m l o n g i . P e ta l a al ba, l i mbo 3.5-4 mm l ongo,3.2-3.7mm l ato, rotundato vel lat e
obovato. Antherae 1-1.4 mm longae, persistentes,alis 0.2-O.4mm latis, connectivo
a p i c er o t u n d a t o .
Low spreading shrubs 0.5-1.5 m tall; branchlets persistently sericeous.Lamina
of larger leaves 5.5-9 cm long, 2.3-4.3 cm wide, ovate to elliptical, cuneate to
rounded at base, mostly acute or obtuse (sometimes slightly acuminate) at apex,
containing many angular translucent dots in the adaxial epidermis at and just
within the margin (these especiallyvisible in young leaves),appressed-tomentose
to eventually glabrate above, densely and persistently tomentose below or the
oldest leaves belatedly and patchily glabrescent, the hairs light brown, shortstalked, up to 7.2 mm long, serpentine to somewhat twisted, strongly non-parallel
so as to produce a tomentose rather than a sericeouseffect. the midrib and 6-8
pairs of lateral veins obscure above and prominent below, the tertiary veins scalariform and often prominulous below; petiole 6-10 mm long, persistently sericeous;stipules34.5 mm long, completely and smoothly connate,obtuse or rounded
at apex, abaxially sericeousor eventually glabrescent,adaxially tomentose. Flowers
borne in fascicles of 5-10 axillary to (or somewhat above) the scars of fallen
leaves (or bracts?);floriferous bracts and bracteolessimilar, 0.7-1.3 mm long, 0.30.8 mm wide, triangular or linear, abaxially sparselysericeous,deciduous in fruit;
p e d i c e l 1 1 -1 5 mm l ong, 0.5-0.7 mm i n di ameter, seri ceous.S epal s I.5-2. 2 m m
l o n g b e y o n d th e gl ands, 1.5-l .B mm w i de, tri angul ar,rounded or obtuse at apex,
revolute in anthesis, abaxially sericeous,adaxially glabrous, all biglandular, the
glands 0.9-1.2 mm long, flat, elliptical. Petals white, abaxially densely tomentosesericeouson claw and much of limb but glabrous in the marginal 0.5 mm, adaxially
g l a b ro u s , th e c l aw 1-1.3 mm l ong, the l i mb 3.5-4 mm l ong,3.2-3.7 mm wide,
round or broadly obovate, erose, the posterior petal slightly larger than the lateral 4. Filaments 1.5-2.8 mm long: anthers 1-1.4 mm long, persistent in fruit, the
wings dark red, 0.2-0.4 mm wide. widest at base, slightly shorter than locules,the
connective not enlarged, or red and slightly swollen at apex. Ovary with carpels
ca 1 mm high, appressed-tomentose;styles slightly subapical, 3.5-5 mm long.
Immature cocci ca 3 mm high, spheroid with a base of spongy tissue, densely
to m e n to s e .
A o o t r t o N R l S p E c ' t H , t EENxsa v r N E o : B r a z i l . P a n A : A l t o T a p a j 6 s , r e g i o n o f M i s s d o V e l h a , a M u n durukri village ca 2 km N of Rio Cururf,7'45'S,
57'20'W,200 m. upper drier part of sandy
floodplain between river and village, with scattered shrubs and small trees, partly inundated with
r u n o f f w a t e r a t t h i s s e a s o n .F e b f l / i m m f r . A n d e r s o n 1 0 8 9 5( l A N . M I C H . N Y ) .
This speciesis named in honor of Walter A. Egler, the Brazilian botanist who
collected the type and many other Amazonian plants before his tragic death on a
field trip in Amapri in 1961. It is probably closestto Pterandra evansii Cuatr., but
the latter differs in a number of characters,of which the most easily observed are
these: leaves sericeous below, the hairs sessile,straight, parallel, up to 0.5 mm
long; flowers borne in fasciclesof 2-5; pedicels 14-21 mm long; petals narrowly
obovate.
The fasciclesof flowers in this species are borne at several nodes between
vegetative leavesof the previous year and of the current year. I have some reason
to believe that the scars subtending those fascicles are from bracts like those
describedbelow for P. hatschbachii,but the evidence for that is not satisfactoryin
the specimensnow available;younger stems collected while the flowers are in bud
and the subtending leavesor bracts are still present will resolve the question.
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Pterandra hatschbachii W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Tvpp: Bnaztl. Mato Grosso:
Mun. Alto Araguaia, Rib. Claro, campo rochoso, Sep fl, Hatschbach35085
(h o l o ty pe:MB M 376361;
i sotype:MIC H !).
Fig.8.
Suffrutex ramo crassiore subterraneo decumbenti et ramis erectis 5-25 cm
altis, usque ad 2.5 mm diametro, sericeis.Lamina foliorum majorum 6-12.5 cm
longa, 2.34.4 cm lata, plerumque obovata, basi bullata; petiolus I-2 (-2.5) -m
longus; stipulae 7-2 mm longae, liberae vel connatae. Fasciculi florum (a-) 5-9flori; pedicellus 11-25 mm longus. Petala rosea, limbo 5-1.5 mm longo,4-7.5 mm
l a to , ro tu n d a to vel l ate obovato. A ntherae f .2-1.9 mm l ongae,deci duae ,alis 0. 10.2 mm latis, connectivo apice triangulari.
S h ru b l e t w i th w oody underground stems trai l i ng and rooti ng, the er ect
aboveground stems forming dense carpets in grassy campos, 5-25 cm tall, not or
hardly branched, wiry (up to 2.5 mm in diameter), initially densely sericeous,
eventually glabrate. Lamina of larger leaves 6-12.5 cm long, 2.31.4 cm wide,
obovate to nearly elliptical but usually widest at least somewhat above middle,
cuneate to rounded at base, thickened and often slightly revolute at margin, obtuse to broadly rounded and often apiculate at apex, often showing many angular
translucent dots scatteredthroughout adaxial epidermis and near margin in abaxial
epidermis, bullate at base, initially sericeouson margin, midrib above and below,
and lateral veins below, and with scattered more or less appressedhairs on laminar tissue, mostly soon glabrate or persistently sericeous on midrib below, the
midrib and 5-7 pairs of lateral veins flat above and raised below, the reticulum
white and visible outlining dark areoles, especiallybelow; petiole I-2 (-2.5) mm
long, persistently sericeousor eventually glabrate; stipules I-2 mm long, distinct
or completely connate (with both conditions on the same stem!), narrowly triangular when distinct, the pair broadly triangular when connate, abaxially sericeous
to glabrate, adaxially hirsute. Flowers borne in fasciclesof (4-) 5-9 axillary to
sericeoustriangular bracts 2-2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, or the scarswhere they
were produced, between previous year's vegetative leaves and the flush of new
leaves;floriferous bracts and bracteoles 0.7-I.5 mm long, 0.3-0.7 mm wide, narrowly to broadly triangular, sparselypilose or glabrous, persistent;pedicel 17-25
mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm in diameter, loosely white-sericeous.Sepals 2-3 mm long
beyond glands. 1.8-2.3 mm wide, triangular or ovate, obtuse or rounded at apex,
revolute at apex and often at sides,abaxially sericeous,adaxially glabrous, often
with translucent dots in the adaxial surface,all biglandular, the glands 0.9-1.5 mm
long, flat, elliptical or obovate. Petals pink, turning white in age, abaxially sericeous only on claw and/or on midrib to center of limb, adaxially glabrous, usually
showing glandular dots in the center abaxially, the claw 0.5-1.5 mm long, the limb
5 -l .5 m m l o n g. 4-J.5 mm w i de, round or broadl y obovate, erose, the p ost er ior
petal somewhat larger than the lateral 4 and with a thicker claw. Filaments 1.7-3
mm l o n g , a n th ers 1.2-1.9mm l ong, deci duousi n frui t, the w i ngs 0.1-0.2m m wide,
widest at base and extending upward only 314of the locule, the connective darkening in age, with a triangular apical extension 0.14.2 mm long. Ovary with 3 (-4)
carpels ca 1 mm high, densely hirsute; styles slightly subapical, 3-5 mm long.
Immature cocci ca 3.5 mm high, spheroid, pubescentwith soft white basifixed hairs.
A o n r t ' r o x n r . S p l c r r v r ' N sE x a v r N E o . B r a z i l . M a r o G R o s s o : M u n . A l t o A r a g u a i a , v i c i n i t y o f
R i b e r A o C l a r o . N W o f A l t o A r a g u a i a . g r a s s yc a m p o s , f l 0 0 m , F e b f l , A n t l e r s o n 1 1 4 0 0 ( M I C H ) ; A l t o
A r a g u a i a , a r r c d o r e s . c a m p o a r e n o s o . N o v f l l i m m f r , H a t s c h b a c h3 - 1 2 7 6( M B M , N Y ) .
1993
389
W , R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E - I V
rn
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F I G . 8 . P t e r u n d r a h a t s c h b a c h i i .a ) h a b i t , x 0 . 5 ; b ) l e a f b a s e s s h o w i n g s t i p u l e s a n d i n f l a t e d a r e a s
at base of lamina, x5; c) base of fascicleof flowers showing bracts and bracteoles and large bract
s u b t e n d i n g w h o l e f a s c i c l e ,t h i s u s u a l l y d e c i d u o u s b y a n t h e s i s ,x 5 ; d ) f l o w e r w i t h p o s t e r i o r p e t a l a t
u p p e r l e f t . x 2 . - 5 ;e ) p o s t c r i o r p e t a l , a b a x i a l v i e w s h o w i n g s p a r s e h a i r s o n m i d r i b , x 3 . - 5 ;f ) a n t h e r s ,
f l a t t e n e d , a d a x i a l v i e w ( l e f t ) a n d a b a x i a l v i e w ( r i g h t ) . x 7 . 5 ; g ) a n t h e r , s i d e v i e w , x 7 . - 5 .D r a w n b y
Karin Douthit. a-b and d-s from Hatschbach J50B-5.c from Hatschbach 33276.
I am happy to name this plant for my friend Gert Hatschbach of the Museu
BotAnico Municipal in Curitiba, whose eagle-eye has led him to so many first
collections of undescribedspecies.Pterandra hatschbachiiis to be compared to P.
pyroidea Adr. Juss.,a plant of the cerrados of central Brazil. They are similar in
producing aerial shoots from a low woody stem that may be subterranean,and P.
pyroidea usually has obovate leaves with very short petioles. Its petals are pink,
and its anthers are deciduous and have a short triangular apical extension of the
connective. But P. pyroidea is a much more robust plant than P. hatschbachii,its
erect stems typically 0.5-1 m tall and 2.5-6 mm in diameter. Stem and leaf hairs
are much more serpentine or twisted, producing a less appressed vesture, the
leaves are usually much hairier, at least initially, and the strongly scalariform tertiary
veins are usually prominent below, much more than the rest of the reticulum. Also,
the petals of P. pyroidea are usually hairier abaxially than those of P. hatschbachii.
390
C O N T R .U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M
VOLUME 19
Tetrapterys monteverdensisW. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-Type: Cosln Rrca. Puntarenas:Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Sendero Pantanoso,swampy
a re a o n conti nentaldi vi de, l ow er montane rai n forest, 10" 20' N ,8 4o50'W.
1 5 0 0 - 1600m, Jun fl , H aber ex B el l o 5217 (hol otype:MIC H !).
Liana lignosa, ramis appresso-tomentosis,demum verruculosis.Lamina foliorum majorum 8-16 cm longa, 4.5-1.2 cm lata; stipulae in paribus interpetiolaribus
connatae, pari 4-6 (-7.5) -rn longo, 1,.2-3mm lato, anguste triangulari. Sepala
abaxialiter glabra vel sparsim sericeain dimidio distali. Petala lateralia ungue 1.52.5 mm longo, limbo 6-10 mm longo, 4-8 mm lato; petalum posticum ungue 2-2.8 mm
longo, limbo 5-5.5 mm longo,4-5 mm lato. Samaraalis lateralibusliberis,2 superioribus 25-48 mm longis, 10-17 mm latis, 2 inferioribus 10-30 mm longis, G13 mm latis.
Woody vine, stems densely appressed-tomentosewith several layers of hairs
with sinuous to nearly straight crosspieces,those of the outer layer with a definite
slender stalk; older stems roughened by tiny bumps or pegs (persistenthair bases)
after hairs fall. Lamina of larger leaves 8-16 cm long, 4.5-7.2 cm wide, ovate or
e l l i p ti c a l , ro u nded or subcordate at base, obtuse, acute, or acumi nate at apex,
initially sericeous above but very soon quite glabrate, loosely sericeous to glabrate below with the hairs stramineous or white, those of the lamina surface 0.4\.2 mm long, those persistent on midrib straight but at least some short-stalked
and somewhat spreading,the abaxial glands 1-several near base and none or few
on proximal l13 of lamina, the reticulum of fine veinlets prominent on both sides;
petiole B-15 mm long, eglandular, loosely sericeousto glabrate: stipules connate
in interpetiolar pairs, the pair 4-6 (-7.5) -long, 1.2-3 mm wide. smaller in
inflorescence,narrowly triangular, abaxially sericeous.Inflorescence appressedtomentose like stem, cymose-paniculatewith the branches terminating in an umbel of 4 flowers; floriferous bracts 1.5-2.5 mm long, ovate, sparsely sericeousto
g l a b ra te ; p e d u ncl e 3-5.5 mm l ong, persi stentl ytomentose;bracteol es1 - 1. 5 m m
long, ovate, apical; pedicel 3-7 mm long, tomentose or velutinous to glabrescent
even before anthesis. Sepals ca 1 mm long beyond glands, ca L5-2 mm wide,
broadly rounded, abaxially glabrous or only sparsely sericeous beyond glands,
adaxially glabrous, pressed against filaments in anthesis,the anterior eglandular,
the lateral 4 biglandular with the glands 2.7-4 mm long, obovate. Petals yellow,
turning orange in age, glabrous, erose, nearly truncate at base, the lateral 4 reflexed, with claw 1.5-2.5 mm long and limb G10 mm long, 4-8 mm wide; posterior
p e ta l e re c t, w i th cl aw 2-2.8 mm l ong and l i mb 5-5.5 mm l ong,4-5 m m wide.
Filaments 2-3 mm long, glabrous except for tufts of hair abaxially at base, nearly
straight, Il3-I12 connate; anthers 1.3-2 mm long, glabrous, more or less alike, the
connective swollen. Ovary 15-Z mm high, sericeous,prominently crested, styles
2.3-3 mm long, sericeousat base, the anterior style slightly shorter and slenderer
than the posterior 2. Samara tomentose or subsericeous,the lateral wings distinct,
the upper ones 25-48 mm long and 10-17 mm wide, the lower ones 10-30 mm
long and 6-13 mm wide; dorsal wing 3-6 mm wide, entire or slightly erose, nut
smooth between dorsal and lateral winqs.
A n o r r r o N R t - S p E c ' t l r E NEsx R n r r N n o C
. o s t a R i c a . G u n N A c A S r r r :R i o N e g r o , T i l a r d n , F i n c a H e r m a n o s B e l l o . 1 0 " 2 1 'N , 8 4 ' 4 9 ' W , 1 4 0 0m , M a y f l , H a b e r 7 l 1 l ( l l O ) . - P u : l ' r R R E N n s , M o n t e v e r d e :l o w e r
m o n t a n c r a i n f o r e s t . 1 5 - 5 0m , A u g f r , G e n t r y e t a l . 4 B B 3 4 ( M I C H ) ; l o w e r m o n t a n e w e t f o r e s t , 1 - 5 - 5m
0.
S e p f r , H a b e r 2 B 1 1 ( M I C H ) ; P a c i f i c s l o p e , l o w e r m o n t a n e w e t f o r e s t , 1 4 0 0m , J u n f l , H a b e r e x B e l l o
5 0 6 1 ( M O ) t u p p e r S a n L u i s r i v e r v a l l e y o n P a c i f i c s l o p e , m o i s t t o w c t f o r c s t t r a n s i t i o n , 1 3 0 0 - 1 4 0 0m ,
Aug fr, Haber ex Bello et al. 5408 (CR. MICH).
I 993
W . R . A N D E R S O N :M A L P I G H I A C E A E - I V
391
This is a species of section Lophogynixa Nied., apparently endemic to the
region of Monteverde, for which it is named. Tetrapterysmonteverdensisis distinguished by its stalked stem hairs that leave the stem verruculose, the relatively
small leaves,the long narrow stipule-pairs,the distally glabrous sepals,the large
petals, and the large samaras.Its high-elevationhabitat also merits mention.
Tetrapterys skutchii W. R. Anderson, sp. nov.-TvpE: Cosra Rrcn. San Jos6:
vicinity of El General, 975 m. Aug fl, Skutch 2B0B(holotype: NY!).
R a m i d e n s eseri cei .Lami na fol i orum maj orum 10.5-13.2cm l onga, 5.2- 6. 9cm
lata, obovata, basi cuneata, apice acuminata, subtus sericea vel glabrata pilis flavis,
rectis, sessilibus,appressis,1-1.5 mm longis; stipulae in paribus interpetiolaribus
connatae, pari 2-3 mm longo, 1.5 mm lato, triangulari. Inflorescentia laxe aureosericea,floribus in umbellis 4-floris, pedunculo 3-9 mm longo, pertinaciter sericeo,
pedicello 4-5 mm longo, tomentoso mox glabrescenti. Sepala abaxialiter dense
aureosericea.Antherae pilosae, inter loculos sericeae.Stylus anticus valde redactus,
per anthesin non visibilis.
Woody vine (?); stems densely sericeous,the hairs straight, sessile,appressed,
leaving tiny pegs after falling. Lamina of larger leaves 10.5-13.2cm long, 5.2-6.9
cm wide, obovate, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, initially sericeousbut soon
glabrate above, sericeousto glabrate below with the hairs golden, straight, sessile,
appressed,1-1.5 mm long, without large glands at base but with a row of small
impressedglands below parallel to but set well in from the margin, extending the
whole length of the lamina, the reticulum prominent on both sides; petiole 7-9
mm long, eglandular,persistentlysericeous;stipulesconnate in interpetiolar pairs,
the pair 2-3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, triangular, abaxially sericeous.Inflorescence
(including all the axes distal to the last pair of full-sized leaves) golden-sericeous
with several layers of hairs adding appreciably to diameter of axis, the outermost
layer relatively loosely appressed,cymose-paniculatewith the branches terminating in an umbel of 4 flowers; floriferous bracts 1.3-Z mm long, ovate, abaxially
sericeous, adaxially glabrous; peduncle 3-9 mm long, persistently loosely sericeous or subtomentose;bracteoles 1-1.5 mm long, ovate, apical; pedicel 4-5 mm
long, appressed-tomentoseto glabrescent already in anthesis. Sepals ca 1 mm
long beyond glands, ca 2 mm wide, broadly obtuse or rounded, very thick, incurved in anthesis,abaxially so densely golden-sericeousas to completely conceal
all sepal tissue,adaxially glabrous, the anterior eglandular, the lateral 4 biglandular
with glands ca 3.5 mm long, elliptical. Petals yellow, glabrous, erose, sagittate at
base, the lateral 4 reflexed, with claw 1.5 mm long and limb 5.5-6.5 mm long,4-6
mm w i d e ; p o s te ri or petal erect,w i th cl aw 2mm l ong and l i mb 4.5 mm l ong , 4 m m
wide. Filaments \.7-2 mm long, glabrous except for tufts of hair abaxially at base,
straight, ca 712connate; anthers f .4-f.6 mm long, loosely pilose, especiallyat base
and apex, and densely sericeousbetween locules, the connective dark red. Ovary
c a 1 .3 m m h i g h , seri ceous;styl esstrai ght,the posterror2ca2mm l ong, stout and
visible above anthers, the anterior style only 1 mm long, very slender, pressed
between the other 2 and hidden by stamens,not evident in open flower. Fruit not
seen.
This speciesis named for Alexander F. Skutch, collector of the type and only
known specimen. Tetrapterysskutchii belongs to section Lophogynixa, within which
it is allied with 7. donnell-smithii Small. It is distinguishedfrom that and similar
speciesby its abundantly pilose anthers, a most unusual feature in the genus. It is
392
C O N T R .U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M
VOLUME 19
leaf hairs,the golden,moderappressed
alsonotablefor the long,straight,sessile,
the abaxiallydenselysericeoussepals,
ately loose vestureof the inflorescence,
and the much-reduced
anteriorstvle.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
K a r i n D o u t h i t d r e w t h e b e a u t i f u l i l l u s t r a t i o n s , w h o s e p r e p a r a t i o n w a s s u b s i d i z e db y N a t i o n a l
S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n g r a n t B S R - 8 7 0 0 3 4 0t o T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n . T h e c u r a t o r s o f t h e f o l l o w ing herbaria sent gifts and loans for my study, for which I am most grateful: BM, CAS, CAY,
CEPEC, CGE, CM, CR, DUKE,, F, G. GFJP, HB, IAN, K, LL, MBM, MEXU, MG, MICH, MO,
M Y F , N Y , P , R B , U S , V E N . M a n y c o l l e a g u e sa s s i s t e dm e i n t h e f i e l d a n d d u r i n g v i s i t s t o h e r b a r i a ;
among them, I send special thanks to C. D. Adams, M. W. Chase, M. Grayum, W. A. Haber, G.
H a t s c h b a c h .C . E . J a r v i s . H . K e n n e d v . a n d A . L o u r t e i s .
LITERATURE CITED
Anderson, C. 1982. A monograph of the genus Peixotoa (Malpighiaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan
Herb. 15:1-92.1982.
Anderson, W. R. 1981.Malpighiaceae. In The botany oJ the Guayana Highland-Part XI. Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 32:21-305.
1 9 8 2 .N o t e s o n n e o t r o p i c a lM a l p i g h i a c e a e - I . C o n t r . U n i v . M i c h i g a n H e r b . l 5 : 9 3 - 1 3 6 .
C u a t r e c a s a s J, . l 9 - 5 8 .P r i m a F l o r a C o l o m b i a n a . 2 . M a l p i g h i a c e a e .W e b b i a 1 3 : 3 4 3 - 6 6 4 .
J u s s i e u , A d r . 1 8 4 0 . M a l p i g h i a c e a r u m s y n o p s i s ,m o n o g r a p h i a e m o x e d e n d a e p r o d r o m u s . A n n . S c i .
Nat. Bot., 56r. 2, 13:247-291,321-338.
1 8 4 3 .M o n o g r a p h i e d e l a f a m i l l e d e s M a l p i g h i a c d e s A
. rch. Mus. Hist. Nat.3: 5-l-51,255-616,
pl.1-23.
McVaugh, R. 1978. Galeotti's botanical work in Mexico: The numbering of his collections and a
brief itinerary. Contr. Univ. Michigan Hcrb. 11(5):291-297.
M o r t o n , C . V . 1 9 6 1 3A. t y p i f i c a t i o n o f s o m e s u b f a m i l y , s e c t i o n a l , a n d s u b s e c t i o n a l n a m e s i n t h e
f a m i f y M a l p i g h i a c e a e .T a x o n 1 7: 3 1 4 - 3 2 4 .
Niedenzu, F. 1928. Malpighiaceae. In Das Pflanzenreich, ed. A. Engler, IV. l4l: l-870. Leipzig:
Wilhelm Engelmann.
S m a l l ,J . K . 1 9 1 0 .M a l p i g h i a c e a e N
. o r t h A m e r . F l o r a 2 - 5 :1 1 7 - 1 7 1 .
Standley,P. C., & J. A. Steyermark. 1946.Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 468-500
(Malpighiaceae).