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J . Th. Henrard, A Monograph of the genus Aristida. 81 to men turn, sometimes coarsely hairy by tubercle-based hairs, especially along the margins and in the upper part, the margins mostly rather broad and more or less hyaline and sometimes with a characteristic pubescence or finely ciliate there; in much branched plants the sheaths more or less slipping from the stems, keeled below and more or less open and rolled up at the summit, the lower ones falling off at maturity and most of the lower internodes thus naked, the lowermost sheaths not rarely reduced to scales with very short or wanting blades, the scales mostly pale and shining or sometimes more or less lanate with a fugaceous wool; internodes very different in length, mostly about equal with exception of the uppermost one which is the peduncle of the inflorescence, in some species the internodes alternately very long and very short, thus bringing the leaves approximately in pairs, the culms sometimes but few-noded and the nodes placed together at the base of the stems in which case the sheaths and blades are not rarely very long, forming groups of aggregated blades, the culms sometimes without a node, in reality 1-noded, the node placed at the very base of the culm, the leaves in that case quite basal; ligules nearly always a very short ciliate rim, sometimes with longer hairs and ciliate, the auricles thickened or not, nearly glabrous or mostly densely pubescent, in different species with long, white, spreading hairs or bearded laterally with a tuft of spreading or rellexed hairs, sometimes with a villous or distinctly pubescent line across the collar of the sheath or with a very short membrane as a so-called ligula externa, the auricles of the leaves of the innovations mostly long-bearbed even if those of the culm-leaves are ciliate only; blades different in form and length, sometimes quite flat and up to 5 mm. broad, or rarely 9 mm. broad, nearly always with a xerophytic structure, sometimes flat only at the very base, soon becoming involute or convo lute, or convolute throughout, sometimes very rigid and almost junciform, ending in a long setaceous point, not rarely very acute and pungent, the blades erect and adpressed or divaricately spreading, sometimes very short and spine-like, sometimes extraordinarily long, mostly shorter than the culms but in some species much overtopping the panicles, lower surface of the blades striate, glabrous or scaberulous, the upper surface scabrous or hirtellous or densely pubescent and sometimes lanate on both surfaces, few- to many-nerved, the nerves prominent, the midnerve not or sometimes much thickened, the marginal nerves not rarely different from the other ones and very thick, forming bands of sclerenchyma with scabrous margins; panicles exserted or more or less sheathed by the uppermost leaf, the peduncle sometimes very short, glabrous or scabrous, very different in form and outline, sometimes much reduced and consisting only of a few spikelets, commonly more compound with numerous flowers, dense and spike-like, more or less interrupted at the base, the branches spikelet-bearing to the base, sometimes interrupted all over, or very lax and open, the branches erect or ascending or divaricately spreading, sometimes rellexed or drooping, more or less naked at the base, sometimes naked over a very long distance, the axis of the panicle terete or angulous, sometimes triquetrous, glabrous to very scabrous sometimes with long hairs here and there, branches nearly always