Download Respiratory System Organs (respiratory)

Respiratory System
Chapter five
Medical Terminology
HIT #141
Organs (respiratory)
• Nose = Filters, moistens & warms the air.
– Nasal septum = partition right from left.
– Paranasal sinuses = air cavities open into nasal cavity.
• Pharynx = throat, food & air passageway.
– Adenoids = lymphoid tissue behind nasal cavity.
– Tonsils = lymphoid tissue behind mouth.
• Larynx = voice box, vocal cords.
– Epiglottis = flap that covers larynx during
swallowing, keeps food from entering larynx.
• Trachea = passageway for air to the bronchi.
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Organs (respiratory)
• Bronchus = two branches, from trachea to the
lungs, branches, divides & subdivides.
– Bronchioles = smallest subdivision of the bronchial
tree.
– Alveolus = air sacs at the end of bronchioles.
Oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged.
• Lungs = two sponge like organs in the thoracic
cavity, right = three left = two WHY??
– Pleura = serous membrane covering each lung, and
lining the thoracic cavity.
Organs (respiratory)
• Diaphragm = muscular partition, separates
the thoracic cavity from the abdominal
cavity, aids in breathing.
• Mediastinum = space between lungs,
contains heart esophagus, trachea.
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Combining forms #1
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Adenoid/o = adenoids.
Alveol/o = alveolus.
Bronch/i bronch/o = bronchus.
Diaphragmat/o = diaphragm
epiglott/o = epiglottis.
Laryng/o = larynx.
Lob/o = lobe.
Nas/o rhin/o = nose.
Pharyng/o = pharynx
Combining forms #2
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Pneumon/o, pneumat/o, pneum/o = lung/air.
Pulmon/o = lung.
Sinus/o = sinus.
Sept/o = septum.
Thorac/o = thorax (chest).
Tonsill/o = tonsil (see any difference??).
Trache/o = trachea.
Atel/o = imperfect, incomplete.
Hem/o hemat/o = blood
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Combining forms #3
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Muc/o = mucus.
Orth/o = straight.
Ox/o ox/I = oxygen.
Py/o = pus.
Spir/o = breathe, breathing
Prefixes
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A- an- = without or absence of.
Endo- = within.
Eu- = normal, good.
Pan- = all, total
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Suffixes
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-algia = pain
-capnia = carbon dioxide
-cele = hernia or protrusion
-centesis = surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
(with a needle)
-eal = pertaining to
-ectasis = stretching out, dilatation, expansion
-emia = blood condition
-gram = record, x-ray film
-graphy = recording x-ray filming
More suffixes
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-meter = instrument used to measure
-orrhagia = rapid flow of blood
-ostomy = creation of an artificial opening
-otomy = cut into or incision
-oxia = oxygen
-pexy = surgical fixation, suspension
-pnea = breathing
-scope = instrument of visual examination
-scopic = pertaining to visual examination
-scopy = visual examination
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Abbreviations
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ABG = arterial blood gases
AFB = acid-fast bacilli stain
CF = cystic fibrosis
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CT = computer tomography
CXR = chest x-ray
flu = influenza
LTB = laryngotracheobronchitis
OSA = obstructive sleep apnea
Abbreviations
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OSA = obstructive sleep apnea
PCP = pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
PE = pulmonary embolism
PFT = pulmonary function test
TB = tuberculosis
URI= upper respiratory infection
VPS = ventilation perfusion scanning
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Disease and Disorder
• Adenoiditis = inflammation of the adenoids.
• Atelectasis = incomplete expansion of a
newborn lung or collapsed lung.
• Bronchitis = inflammation of the bronchi.
• Diaphragmatocele = hernia of the diaphragm.
• Hemothorax = blood in the chest (plural space).
• Pansinusitis = inflammation of all sinuses.
• Pleuritis = inflammation of the pleura pleurisy.
• Pneumatocele = hernia of the lung.
Disease and Disorder
• Pneumonia = diseased state of the lung,
caused by bacteria.
• Pneumoconiosis = dust in the lungs.
• Pneumothorax = air in the chest, causes
collapse of the lung.
• Pyothorax = pus in the chest (empyema).
• Rhinitis = inflammation of the nose.
• Thoracalgia = pain in the chest.
• Tracheostenosis = narrowing of the trachea.
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Disease and Disorder
• Asthma = disease, coughing, wheezing, SOB.
• COPD = persistent lung disease, obstructs the
bronchial airflow.
• Coccidioidomycosis = fungal disease affecting
the lungs.
• Croup = acute obstruction of the larynx.
• CF = hereditary, children, excess mucus
production in respiratory tract.
• Deviated septum = one part of the nasal cavity
is smaller.
Disease and Disorder
• Epistaxis = nosebleed
• Pertussis = acute crowing inspiration or
whoop (whooping cough).
• Pleural effusion = escape of fluid into the
pleural space, from inflammation.
• Pulmonary edema = fluid accumulation in the
alveoli and bronchioles.
• Upper respiratory infection = infection of
pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
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Surgical Terms #1
• Adenoidectomy = excision of the adenoids.
• Bronchoplasty = surgical repair of a bronchus.
• Laryngocentesis = surgical puncture to
aspirate fluid from the larynx.
• Laryngostomy = creation of an artificial
opening in to the larynx.
• Lobectomy = excision of a lobe of the lung.
• Pleurocentesis = surgical puncture to aspirate
fluid from pleural space.
Surgical Terms #2
• Rhinoplasty = surgical repair of the nose.
• Septoplasty = surgical repair of the nasal
septum.
• Thoracotomy = incision into the chest
cavity.
• Tracheostomy = creation of an artificial
opening into the trachea.
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Procedural Terms
• Bronchogram = x-ray film of the bronchi.
• Bronchography = process of filming the bronchi.
• Bronchoscope = used for visual examination of
the bronchi.
• Bronchoscopy = visual examination of the
bronchi.
• Endoscopic = pertaining to visual examination of
a hollow organ or body cavity.
• Endoscopy = visual examination of a hollow
organ or body cavity.
Procedural Terms
• Laryngoscope = instrument used for visual
examination of the larynx.
• Oximeter = instrument used to measure
oxygen.
• Spirometer = instrument used to measure
breathing or lung volumes.
• Spirometry = measurement of breathing, or
lung volumes.
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Almost finished….stay with me!
Laboratory tests
• Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) = done on sputum to
determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli,
which can cause tuberculosis.
• Arterial blood gas (ABG) = done on arterial
blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon
dioxide.
• Pulmonary function test (PFT) = tests
performed on breathing to determine
respiratory function or abnormalities.
• Pulse oximetry = noninvasive method of
monitoring arterial blood for oxygen levels.
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Complementary terms
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Acapnia = absence of carbon dioxide in blood.
Anoxia = absence of oxygen.
Aphonia = absence of voice.
Apnea = absence of breathing.
Bronchospasm = spasmodic contraction in the
bronchi.
Dysphonia = difficulty in speaking.
Eupnea = normal breathing.
Hyperpnea = excessive breathing.
Hypopnea = deficient breathing.
Complementary terms
• Hypoxemia = deficient oxygen in the blood.
• Laryngeal = pertaining to the larynx.
• Orthopnea = able to breathe only in the
upright position.
• Rhinorrhea = discharge from the nose.
• Asphyxia = deprivation of oxygen suffocation.
• Aspirate = to withdraw fluid or to suction.
• Bronchodilator = agent causing the bronchi to
widen.
• Mucus = slimy fluid secreted by membranes.
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Complementary terms
• Hyperventilation = ventilation of the lungs
beyond normal body needs.
• Mucopurulent = containing both mucus and pus.
• Nebulizer = device that creates a fine spray used
for giving respiratory treatment.
• Patent = open as in airway.
• Ventilator = mechanical device used to assist
with or substitute for breathing.
• Sputum = mucous secretion from the lungs,
bronchi & trachea expelled through the mouth.
The
End
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