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F LANGUAGE POWER NOW Preview Material Table of Contents Work with Vocabulary Section Opener......................................................... 5 25. Combine Sentences: Complex Sentences ...................................... 41 1. Use a Similar Word: Synonyms........................ 6 26. Recognize Clauses: Adjective Clauses ......... 43 2. Use the Opposite Word: Antonyms ................. 7 27. Recognize Clauses: Adverb Clauses ............. 44 3. Choose the Correct Spelling: Homophones ................................................... 8 28. Edit Sentences: Sentence Fragments........... 45 4. Expand Your Vocabulary: Root Words ........... 10 Section Review ....................................................... 47 5. Understand Word Beginnings: Prefixes ........ 11 6. Understand Word Endings: Suffixes .............. 12 Know Capitalization and Punctuation 7. Combine Two Words: Contractions ............... 13 Section Opener ....................................................... 51 8. Mind Your Meaning: Denotation and Connotation ........................ 14 30. Use Capitals: A Variety of Capitalization ............................ 52 9.Be Clear and Interesting: Descriptive Words ......................................... 15 31. Know Latin Short Forms: Abbreviations........ 53 10. Use Slang: Informal and Formal Language .................... 17 33. Separate Adjectives: Commas....................... 55 11. Use Variety: Literary Devices ........................ 19 35. Show Possession: Apostrophes .................... 59 Section Review........................................................ 21 36. Use Transition Words: Semicolons................ 60 Section Opener ....................................................... 25 12. Use Variety: Types of Sentences ................... 26 13. Use Variety: Sentence Length ....................... 28 14. Combine Sentences: Compound Sentences.................................. 29 15. Expand Sentences: Adding Details ............... 30 16. Edit Sentences: Run-On Sentences .............. 31 17. Know Complete Subjects and Predicates ............................................... 32 18. Identify Who or What: Simple Subjects ......... 34 19. Identify the Action: Simple Predicates .......... 35 20. Identify Who or What: Compound Subjects ..................................... 36 21. Identify the Action: Compound Predicates.................................. 37 22. Understand Compound Subjects and Predicates..................................................... 38 23. Identify Sentence Parts: Direct and Indirect Objects..........................39 24.Recognize Independent and Subordinate Clauses............................. 40 NEL 32. Shorten Business Words: Abbreviations........ 54 34. Punctuate Dialogue: Quotation Marks .......... 57 37. Introduce a List: Colons ................................. 62 Build Sentences LPN_BookF.indd 3 29. Edit Sentences: Comma Splices ................... 46 38. Add Appositives: Parentheses ....................... 63 39. Guide Readers: A Variety of Punctuation ............................... 64 Section Review ....................................................... 66 Grasp Grammar and Usage Section Opener ....................................................... 70 40. Name the Person, Place, Thing, or Idea: Nouns ..................................... 71 41. Show Ownership: Singular Possessive Nouns ......................... 73 42. Show Ownership: Plural Possessive Nouns ............................. 74 43. Make Irregular Plural Nouns Possessive .................................................... 75 44.Use Concrete and Abstract Nouns.............................................. 76 45.Identify a Variety of Verbs .............................. 77 46. Provide More Information: Verb Phrases ....... 79 47. Show When an Action Happens: Verb Tenses .................................................... 80 Preview Material 3 01/11/15 11:09 AM 48. Make the Past Tense: Irregular Verbs ............................................... 82 75. Create a Senses Chart: Organizing Ideas ......................................... 119 49.Use Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tenses ...................................... 83 76. Write What and Why: Strong Openings ......................................... 120 50. Match the Numbers: Subject-Verb Agreement .............................. 84 77. Find Strengths and Weaknesses: Writing Details ............................................. 122 51. Match the Subject: Linking Verbs .................. 86 78. Use Your Senses: Supporting Details ......... 124 52. Understand Active and Passive Voice.......... 87 79. Order by Time: Arranging Details ................ 126 53. Replace Subject Nouns: Subject Pronouns .......................................... 89 80. Show Character and Situation: Writing Dialogue .......................................... 127 54. Replace Object Nouns: Object Pronouns............................................ 90 81. Make Language Precise: Sensory Words............................................. 129 55. Show Ownership: Possessive Pronouns .................................... 91 82. Restate What and Why: Strong Conclusions ..................................... 130 56.Use Indefinite Pronouns................................ 92 57. Describe Nouns: Relative Pronouns ............. 93 83. Catch Your Readers’ Attention: Effective Titles ............................................. 132 58.Make Pronouns and Antecedents Agree ................................ 95 84. Improve Word Choice and Spelling: Revising ....................................................... 133 59.Use a Variety of Pronouns and Antecedents ........................................... 96 85. Correct Sentences: Editing .......................... 135 60. Write Descriptive Words: Adjectives .............. 97 61. Make Comparisons: Adjectives ..................... 99 62. Describe Actions: Adverbs ........................... 100 63. Write Descriptively: Adjectives and Adverbs .............................. 101 64. Show Relationships: Prepositions ............... 102 65. Describe a Noun: Prepositional Phrases..................................103 66. Describe a Noun: Participle Phrases .......... 104 67. Be Clear: Misplaced Modifiers .................... 105 68. Be Clear: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers ...................................................... 106 69. Use Joining Words: Conjunctions................ 107 70. Express Emotions: Interjections .................. 108 71. Be Careful: Avoid Double Negatives........... 109 Section Review...................................................... 110 Section Review ..................................................... 137 Develop Research Skills Section Opener ..................................................... 141 86. Think Critically: Inquiry Questions ........................................ 142 87. Find Synonyms and Antonyms: Researching Words ..................................... 143 88. Choose Resources: Library Research ......... 144 89. Conduct Online Research: Keywords .......... 145 90. Consider Bias: Primary and Secondary Sources ............... 147 91. Spot Hoaxes: Online Sources ............................................ 148 92. Avoid Scams: Personal Information Online...................... 149 93. Investigate Copyright: Plagiarism .................................................... 150 94. In-Text Citations: Citing Research ................. 151 Craft and Compose Section Opener ..................................................... 114 95. Maintain a Citations List: Research Notes ........................................... 152 72. Use Your Knowledge: Choosing a Topic........................................ 115 96. Cite Your Sources: Paraphrasing and Quoting......................... 154 73. Consider Purpose and Audience ................ 117 Section Review ..................................................... 156 74. Formulate a Thesis: Topic Versus Thesis..................................... 118 4 Table of Contents LPN_BookF.indd 4 Index ..................................................................... 160 Preview Material NEL 01/11/15 12:04 PM Sample Lesson: Level F (Grade 8) LESSON 7 WRITE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS: ADJECTIVES An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. Adjectives add detail and description to help readers picture or sense what they are reading. There are different types of adjectives. In addition to the adjectives we normally think of (community centre, Metis history), there are the following categories: Demonstrative adjectives point out specific people or things. They are this, these, that, and those. We use this and these to refer to objects close by, and that and those for objects further away. For example: This store is advertised on that billboard. Possessive adjectives indicate who or what owns something. They are my, your, his, her, and our. For example: Our dog loves playing with your cat. Mini-lessons reinforce how to apply the skill and why it is important in the writing process. Interrogative adjectives modify nouns that are used in questions. They are which, what, and whose. For example: Do you know which day he’s arriving? A. Write the correct demonstrative adjective on the line provided. this 1. It’s late, but I have to read another chapter. I love 2. Those 3. Do you like book. clouds over there look threatening. I think it’s going to rain. these bracelets I’m wearing? I made them! B. Write the correct possessive adjective on the line provided. his 1. David is late, and I can’t reach 2. Jamila should open a restaurant, because 3. I can’t get a decent shot on net. I think cellphone. her my pie is the best I’ve ever had. scoring streak is over. C. Write the correct interrogative adjective on the line provided. 1. We all have to bring food to the potluck. What 2. A red car is being towed out front. Do you know 3. I love all of those bands. Which are you bringing? whose it is? one is playing first? D. Underline the adjectives in each sentence below. Do not include the articles the or a. 1. This pamphlet outlines various projects by government agencies for providing clean water. 2. Whose safety glasses were left on the storage cupboard for the power tools? 3. Wolverines live in Arctic regions, using their large, furry paws like snowshoes. Grasp Grammar and Usage 10 Preview Material NEL E. In each sentence below, add two adjectives to modify the noun in italics. Choose adjectives that help a reader picture what you describe. clapping cheering , crowd. river spirit My favourite movie features a/an , character. exhausted elated , feeling. After finishing the race, Sammy had a/an multicultural food Sasha and her friends went to the , festival. quiet country , neighbourhood. We just moved to this 1. The queen looked down at the 2. 3. 4. 5. F. Write a descriptive paragraph on a topic of your choice, or, if you need help with an idea, you could write about a time you were very proud of yourself or a family member. In your writing, use a variety of descriptive adjectives. When you’re done writing, circle them. One time when I was very proud of myself is when I finished my first Terry Fox run. My mom ran as well, so I was extremely proud of her, too! My mom and I decided to take part in the Terry Fox run when we were watching a short documentary about Terry Fox. Around that time, my brave aunt was getting treated for cancer. So, my mom and I decided to take part in the charity run. Before the summer run, we knew we would have to prepare. First, we created a running schedule and we ran twice a week. We knew we would need comfortable running shoes so we bought matching blue For some topics that students regularly struggle with, exercises provide for longer form writing so that students can demonstrate authentic learning. These longer form exercises allow for formative assessment opportunities, including self and peer assessment. pairs. We also made really healthy meals. We made sure to eat lots of green vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats. When race day came, I was quite nervous. My mom and I wore yellow t-shirts, my aunt’s favourite colour. Once the race started, my stomach butterflies disappeared. The cheering crowds and my aunt’s smiling face made me super motivated. My mom and I ran at a steady pace and finished the run in one hour and fifteen minutes! We also raised a lot of money for cancer research. All lessons end with an application exercise that asks the student to go beyond the book to apply the skill in various manners, covering all stages of the writing process. G. With a partner, compare the sentences you completed in Exercise E. Discuss how the adjectives would affect the picture a reader might form when reading each sentence. NEL Preview Material Grasp Grammar and Usage 11